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魯

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鲁
魯 U+9B6F, 魯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B6F
← 魮
[U+9B6E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 魰 →
[U+9B70]
魯 U+F939, 魯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F939
← 露
[U+F938] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 鷺 →
[U+F93A]

Translingual

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Han character

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魯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+4, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 弓田火日 (NWFA), four-corner 27603, composition ⿱魚曰)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1466, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2000, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4677, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9B6F

Chinese

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trad. 魯
simp. 鲁*
alternative forms 𩶑

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 魯
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (魯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
魯 *raːʔ
櫓 *raːʔ
穭 *raʔ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 口 (“mouth”) — fish entering the mouth; hence "delicious" → "excellent". In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, often written simply as 魚; 口 was added to differentiate this word from "fish". The 口 component later merged with the fish tail to resemble 白, leading to the Shuowen misanalysis 从白，鮺省聲.

Etymology 1

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The original meaning is "excellent; fine", attested in Shang oracle bone harvest divinations (alongside 吉) and Western Zhou bronze blessing formulae (純魯, 魯休, 大魯福). Confirmed by Records of the Grand Historian, where the same event appears as 魯天子之命 ("Basic Annals of Zhou") and 嘉天子命 ("Hereditary House of Lu").

Possibly related to 路 (OC *C.rˤah, “large”), 旅 (OC *raʔ, “numerous”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 魯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 郎古切
Baxter luX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/luoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/luoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/loX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɔX/
Li
Rong 		/loX/
Wang
Li 		/luX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/luoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lou5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 魯 魯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǔ lǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ luX › ‹ luX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaʔ/ /*r.ŋˁaʔ/ (dialect > *rŋˁ- > *rˁ- > MC l-)
English dull, blunt, simple (place name)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 魯
Reading # 1/1
No. 8525
Phonetic
component 		魯
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		魯
Old
Chinese 		/*raːʔ/
Notes 說文從白鮺省聲，
甲文實會意象魚在口上表甘美

Definitions

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魯

  1. excellent; bountiful; great
    黍田年，魯。四月。王占曰：吉，魯。 [MSC, trad.]
    黍田年，鲁。四月。王占曰：吉，鲁。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shǔ tián nián, lǔ. Sìyuè. Wáng zhàn yuē: jí, lǔ. [Pinyin]
    The millet field's harvest: excellent. Fourth month. The king prognosticated: "Auspicious. Excellent."
    宏魯昭王／宏鲁昭王  ―  hóng lǔ zhāo wáng  ―  The magnificent and great King Zhao
    降余大魯福亡斁 [MSC, trad.]
    降余大鲁福亡𭣧 [MSC, simp.]
    jiàng yú dà lǔ fú wáng yì [Pinyin]
    Bestow upon me great excellent blessings without end
  2. (～國) (historical) Lu
  3. short for 山東／山东 (Shāndōng, “Shandong”)
  4. a surname
    魯肅／鲁肃  ―  Lǔ Sù  ―  Lu Su

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 魯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 郎古切
Baxter luX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/luoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/luoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/loX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɔX/
Li
Rong 		/loX/
Wang
Li 		/luX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/luoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lou5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 魯 魯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǔ lǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ luX › ‹ luX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaʔ/ /*r.ŋˁaʔ/ (dialect > *rŋˁ- > *rˁ- > MC l-)
English dull, blunt, simple (place name)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 魯
Reading # 1/1
No. 8525
Phonetic
component 		魯
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		魯
Old
Chinese 		/*raːʔ/
Notes 說文從白鮺省聲，
甲文實會意象魚在口上表甘美

Definitions

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魯

  1. dull; stupid; slow-witted
    魯鈍／鲁钝  ―  lǔdùn  ―  dull; slow on the uptake
    愚魯／愚鲁  ―  yúlǔ  ―  dull-witted
  2. rude; crude; rash
    粗魯／粗鲁  ―  cūlǔ  ―  rude
    魯莽／鲁莽  ―  lǔmǎng  ―  rash; reckless

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 魯 – see 滷 (“thick sauce; to stew in soy sauce and spices; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 滷).

Definitions

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魯

  1. used in 魯肉飯／鲁肉饭 (lǔròufàn)

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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魯

  1. used in 阿沙不魯／阿沙不鲁
  2. used in 米魯／米鲁

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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魯

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. foolish; stupid
  2. (historical) Lu (state) (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China)
  3. (dated) short form for Russia (魯西亜)

Readings

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  • Go-on: る (ru)
  • Kan-on: ろ (ro)
  • Kun: おろか (oroka, 魯か)
  • Nanori: すなお (sunao)

Proper noun

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魯(ろ) • (Ro) 

  1. a surname from Chinese

Korean

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Hanja

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魯 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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魯: Hán Việt readings: lỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
魯: Nôm readings: lỗ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], lổ[4][5][8], lõ[3][4], sỗ[3][4], lũa[4][7], lúa[1], rua[1], trổ[1], nhỗ[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of lỗ (“hole”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of lúa (“rice (with seed still in stalk)”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of rua (“used in tua rua (“Pleiades”)”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of trổ (“to flower; to bloom; to chisel”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hồ (1976).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bonet (1899).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Génibrel (1898).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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