露

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːɡs): semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 ‎(OC *ɡ·raːɡs)

Han character

露 (radical 173 雨+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 1016₄, composition ⿱⻗路)

See also

• 霧

References

• KangXi: page 1378, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
• Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4078, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9732

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		露

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù, lòu (lu⁴, lou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ, ㄌㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁶, lou⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): lu
• Min Dong (BUC): ló
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lō͘

• Wu (Wiktionary): lu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lou⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: low
    • IPA ^(key): /loʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁶, lou⁶
    • Yale: lauh, louh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁶, lou⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²²/, /lou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu
    • Hakka Romanization System: lu
    • IPA: /lu⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ló
    • IPA ^(key): /l̃ou²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
    • Tâi-lô: lōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lo
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ²²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: lu (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /lv̩ʷ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /luo^H/▼

Rime
Character	露
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	洛故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luoH/
Pan Wuyun	/luoH/
Shao Rongfen	/loH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɔH/
Li Rong	/loH/
Wang Li	/luH/
Bernard Karlgren	/luoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*p.rˤak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	露
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lù
Middle Chinese	‹ luH ›
Old Chinese	/*p.rˤak-s/
English	dew; disclose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	露
Reading #	1/1
No.	3860
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	路
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡs/

Definitions

露

1. dew
2. bare, open, exposed

Compounds

• 惡露／恶露 (èlù, “lochia”)
• 暴露 (bàolù, pùlù)
• 沐浴露 (mùyùlù)

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Japanese

Kanji

露

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: る (ru)
• Kan’on: ろ (ro)
• Kan’yōon: ろう (rō)
• Kun: つゆ (tsuyu), あらわれる (arawareru), さらす (sarasu)

Compounds

• 悪露 (おろ) ‎(oro, “lochia”)
• 露里 (ろり) ‎(rori, “verst”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
露
あらわ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) あ​らわ [áꜜràwà] (Atamadaka - [1])
• (Tokyo) あらわ [àráwá] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɾ̠a̠ɰᵝa̠]

Adjectival noun

露 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana あらわ, romaji arawa)

1. naked, bare

Inflection

Inflection of "露な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	露だろ	あらわだろ	arawa daro
Continuative (連用形)	露で	あらわで	arawa de
Terminal (終止形)	露だ	あらわだ	arawa da
Attributive (連体形)	露な	あらわな	arawa na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	露なら	あらわなら	arawa nara
Imperative (命令形)	露であれ	あらわであれ	arawa de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	露ではない 露じゃない	あらわではない あらわじゃない	arawa de wa nai arawa ja nai
Informal past	露だった	あらわだった	arawa datta
Informal negative past	露ではなかった 露じゃなかった	あらわではなかった あらわじゃなかった	arawa de wa nakatta arawa ja nakatta
Formal	露です	あらわです	arawa desu
Formal negative	露ではありません 露じゃありません	あらわではありません あらわじゃありません	arawa de wa arimasen arawa ja arimasen
Formal past	露でした	あらわでした	arawa deshita
Formal negative past	露ではありませんでした 露じゃありませんでした	あらわではありませんでした あらわじゃありませんでした	arawa de wa arimasen deshita arawa ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	露で	あらわで	arawa de
Conditional	露なら（ば）	あらわなら（ば）	arawa nara(ba)
Provisional	露だったら	あらわだったら	arawa dattara
Volitional	露だろう	あらわだろう	arawa darō
Adverbial	露に	あらわに	arawa ni
Degree	露さ	あらわさ	arawasa

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
露
つゆ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) つ​ゆ [tsúꜜyù] (Atamadaka - [1])
• (Tokyo) つゆ​ [tsùyúꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɯᵝjɯᵝ]

Noun

露 ‎(hiragana つゆ, romaji tsuyu)

1. dew
   • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 30:

     露 [...] 和名都由

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
露
ろ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• (Tokyo) ろ​ [róꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɺ̠o̞]

Proper noun

露 ‎(hiragana ろ, romaji Ro)

1. short form for Russia or Russian in Japanese, Russo- (prefix), short form of 露西亜 ‎(ろしあ, Roshia), modern spelling: ロシア ‎(Roshia), also written in katakana: ロ ‎(Ro).

   和露辞典 (わろじてん)

   Wa-Ro jiten

   Russian-Japanese dictionary

   日露戦争 (にちろせんそう)

   Nichi-Ro sensō

   Japanese-Russian war (normally: "Russo-Japanese war")

   米露関係 (べいろかんけい)

   Bei-Ro kankei

   US-Russia relations

References

• Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.

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Korean

Hanja

露 • ‎(ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, McCune-Reischauer ro, no, Yale lo, no)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

露 (lộ)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.