霧
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)
Derived characters
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1377, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
- Unihan data for U+9727
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 | |
alternative forms | 雺 霚 霿 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
堥 | *muː, *mu |
蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
茅 | *mruː |
罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
鶜 | *mruː |
瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
愗 | *moːɡs |
袤 | *mus |
雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
懋 | *mus |
楙 | *mus |
矛 | *mu |
蟊 | *mu |
髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
鍪 | *mu |
鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
糅 | *ml'us |
腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
柔 | *mlju |
揉 | *mju |
蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
鍒 | *mju |
騥 | *mju |
蝚 | *mju |
葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
鰇 | *mju |
瑈 | *mju |
鶔 | *mju |
楺 | *mjuʔ |
煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
韖 | *mjuʔ |
敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
務 | *moɡs |
鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
騖 | *moɡs |
婺 | *moɡs |
霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
嵍 | *moɡs |
霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
楘 | *moːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ву (vu, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): mu5
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): mou6
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou6
- Gan (Wiktionary): u5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): vu3
- Northern Min (KCR): mū / ū
- Eastern Min (BUC): ô
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6wu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u5 / u4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wù
- Wade–Giles: wu4
- Yale: wù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: u
- Sinological IPA (key): /vu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ву (vu, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /vou⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mou6
- Yale: mouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou6
- Guangdong Romanization: mou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbu³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: mou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: u5
- Sinological IPA (key): /u¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
- Hakka Romanization System: vu
- Hagfa Pinyim: vu4
- Sinological IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: vu3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mū / ū
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu⁵⁵/, /u⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- mū - verncular;
- ū - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ô
- Sinological IPA (key): /ou²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: u5 / u4
- Sinological IPA (key): /u²¹/, /u⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- u5 - vernacular;
- u4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: mjuH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*moɡs/
Definitions
[edit]霧
- fog; mist
- vapour; fine spray
- (Hokkien) blurry
- (Internet slang) A particle placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the poster is joking. (used with parentheses)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一頭霧水/一头雾水 (yītóuwùshuǐ)
- 下霧/下雾 (xiàwù)
- 五里霧
- 光煙霧/光烟雾
- 冷霧/冷雾
- 南山霧豹/南山雾豹
- 含煙籠霧/含烟笼雾
- 吞雲吐霧/吞云吐雾 (tūnyúntǔwù)
- 噴雲吐霧/喷云吐雾
- 噴雲噯霧/喷云嗳雾
- 噴霧/喷雾 (pēnwù)
- 噴霧器/喷雾器 (pēnwùqì)
- 噴霧機/喷雾机
- 墮雲霧中/堕云雾中
- 如坐雲霧/如坐云雾
- 如墮煙霧/如堕烟雾
- 妖霧/妖雾
- 宿霧/宿雾 (Sùwù)
- 平流霧/平流雾
- 愁雲慘霧/愁云惨雾
- 愁霧/愁雾
- 拿雲握霧/拿云握雾
- 握雲拿霧/握云拿雾
- 握霧拿雲/握雾拿云
- 擁霧翻波/拥雾翻波
- 晨霧/晨雾 (chénwù)
- 朝霧/朝雾 (zhāowù)
- 毒霧/毒雾
- 海霧/海雾
- 涼霧/凉雾 (Liángwù)
- 濃霧/浓雾 (nóngwù)
- 煙消霧散/烟消雾散
- 煙籠霧鎖/烟笼雾锁
- 煙霏霧集/烟霏雾集
- 煙霧/烟雾 (yānwù)
- 熱霧/热雾
- 紅光紫霧/红光紫雾 (hóng guāng zǐ wù)
- 綠煙紅霧/绿烟红雾
- 興雲作霧/兴云作雾
- 興雲吐霧/兴云吐雾
- 蒼霧/苍雾
- 蒙霧露/蒙雾露
- 蓮霧/莲雾 (liánwù)
- 迷霧/迷雾 (míwù)
- 除霧器/除雾器
- 雲合霧集/云合雾集
- 雲山霧罩/云山雾罩
- 雲收霧散/云收雾散
- 雲消霧散/云消雾散 (yúnxiāo-wùsàn)
- 雲霧/云雾 (yúnwù)
- 霧化/雾化 (wùhuà)
- 霧嗄嗄/雾嗄嗄 (bū-sà-sà) (Min Nan)
- 霧峰/雾峰 (Wùfēng)
- 霧氣/雾气 (wùqì)
- 霧沉沉/雾沉沉
- 霧淞/雾淞 (wùsōng)
- 霧渡河/雾渡河 (Wùdùhé)
- 霧社/雾社
- 霧社事件/雾社事件 (Wùshè Shìjiàn)
- 霧縠/雾縠
- 霧臺/雾台 (Wùtái)
- 霧茫茫/雾茫茫
- 霧裡看花/雾里看花 (wùlǐkànhuā)
- 霧豹/雾豹
- 霧鎖雲埋/雾锁云埋
- 霧騰騰/雾腾腾
- 霧鬢/雾鬓
- 霧鬢風鬟/雾鬓风鬟
- 風言霧語/风言雾语
- 風鬟霧鬢/风鬟雾鬓
- 駕霧騰雲/驾雾腾云
- 騰雲駕霧/腾云驾雾
- 騰霧/腾雾
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 | |
alternative forms | 潕/𣲘 𫝞 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bū
- Tâi-lô: bū
- Phofsit Daibuun: bu
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bu³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǔ
- Tâi-lô: bǔ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhu7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bū
- Sinological IPA (key): /bu¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Definitions
[edit]霧
- (Hokkien, Teochew) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
- (Hokkien) to gush upwards; to overflow from a container
Usage notes
[edit]- (first definition): For the subtle difference between the synonyms, please refer to the usage notes of 澍.
- (second definition): 霧/雾 usually means overflowing due to boiling; 泏 usually means overflowing due to shaking; sōe-teⁿ means dribbling at a spout when it is nearly stopped up; 溢 is used in a general sense.
References
[edit]- “Entry #12903”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 霧 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 雾 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Northern Min (KCR): sū
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sū
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
Definitions
[edit]霧
- (Northern Min) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”)
Etymology 4
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 霿). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 霧る (kiru, “to become foggy”).[1]
First attested in the sense "breath expelled from a person" in the Kojiki of 712.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- mist, fog
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 重霧 下奇利
- Heavy fog. The below is to be read ki₁ri.
- 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
- 水に住んでいる精霊。まわりを霧でつつみこみ視界を奪う。
- Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
- A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.
- 水に住んでいる精霊。まわりを霧でつつみこみ視界を奪う。
- breath expelled from a person
- a liquid (e.g. water) that is dispelled into the air like fog
- (slang, criminal) dawn; daybreak
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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