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霧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 露 and 雾
霧 U+9727, 霧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9727
← 霦
[U+9726] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霨 →
[U+9728]

Translingual

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Han character

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霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1377, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese

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trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 雺
霚
霿

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 霧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
堥 *muː, *mu
蓩 *muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱 *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅 *mruː
罞 *mruː, *muːŋ
蝥 *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜 *mruː
瞀 *moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗 *moːɡs
袤 *mus
雺 *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋 *mus
楙 *mus
矛 *mu
蟊 *mu
髳 *mu, *muːŋ
鍪 *mu
鞪 *mu, *moːɡ
糅 *ml'us
腬 *ml'us, *mlju
柔 *mlju
揉 *mju
蹂 *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒 *mju
騥 *mju
蝚 *mju
葇 *mju, *mjuʔ
鞣 *mju, *mjus
鰇 *mju
瑈 *mju
鶔 *mju
楺 *mjuʔ
煣 *mjuʔ, *mjus
輮 *mjuʔ, *mjus
韖 *mjuʔ
敄 *moʔ, *mos
務 *moɡs
鶩 *moɡs, *moːɡ
騖 *moɡs
婺 *moɡs
霚 *moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍 *moɡs
霧 *moɡs, *moːŋ
霿 *moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘 *moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mū - verncular;
  • ū - literary.
Note:
  • u5 - vernacular;
  • u4 - literary.
Rime
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡遇切
Baxter mjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/muə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/mioH/
Wang
Li 		/mĭuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
English fog, mist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 霧
Reading # 1/2
No. 8856
Phonetic
component 		矛
Rime
group 		竇
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		務
Old
Chinese 		/*moɡs/
Notes 見爾雅，說文作霚

Definitions

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霧

  1. fog; mist
  2. vapour; fine spray
  3. (Hokkien) blurry
  4. (Internet slang) A particle placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the poster is joking. (used with parentheses)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 霧 (“fog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 霧, 霧氣, 霧靄
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 霧, 霧氣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 霧
Taiwan 霧
Harbin 霧
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 霧
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 霧, 霧露
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 霧
Wanrong 霧
Xi'an 霧, 霧氣
Xining 霧, 霧氣
Xuzhou 霧
Pizhou 霧
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 霧
Donghai 霧
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 霧
Lanzhou 霧, 霧氣
Ürümqi 霧
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 霧, 霧罩, 霧氣
Wuhan 霧
Guiyang 霧罩, 雲霧
Guilin 霧
Liuzhou 霧, 霧水
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 霧
Yangzhou 霧
Baoying 霧
Taizhou 霧
Zhenjiang 霧
Lianyungang 霧
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 霧
Xuyi 霧
Nantong 霧
Rugao 霧
Yancheng 霧
Funing 霧
Sihong 霧
Hefei 霧
Cantonese Guangzhou 霧
Hong Kong 霧
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 霧
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 霧
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 霧
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 落霧
Macau 霧
Guangzhou (Panyu) 霧
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 霧
Guangzhou (Conghua) 霧
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 霧, 大頭霧
Foshan 霧
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 霧
Foshan (Shunde) 霧
Foshan (Sanshui) 霧
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 霧
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 霧
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 霧
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 霧
Zhuhai (Doumen) 霧
Jiangmen (Baisha) 霧
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 霧
Taishan 霧
Kaiping (Chikan) 霧
Enping (Niujiang) 霧
Heshan (Yayao) 霧
Dongguan 霧, 霧水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 霞霧
Yangjiang 霧
Danzhou 霧露
Gan Nanchang 霧
Lichuan 濛, 霧
Pingxiang 霧露, 霧
Hakka Meixian 霧, 濛沙, 濛霧
Xingning 濛沙
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 霧
Huidong (Daling) 霧, 濛霧
Dongguan (Qingxi) 濛霞
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 濛露
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 霧
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 濛沙
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 沙霧
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 露
Changting 濛沙
Wuping 濛沙
Wuping (Pingyu) 濛沙
Liancheng 濛沙
Ninghua 露
Yudu 霧露
Ruijin 濛沙
Shicheng 濛
Shangyou (Shexi) 濛露
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 濛沙煙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 濛沙煙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 濛煙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 濛
Hong Kong 霧
Huizhou Jixi 霧
Jin Taiyuan 霧
Xinzhou 霧
Northern Min Jian'ou 露
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雺
Southern Min Xiamen 霧, 雺
Quanzhou 霧露
New Taipei (Sanxia) 雺霧
Kaohsiung 霧
Yilan 霧
Changhua (Lukang) 霧
Taichung 霧, 雺
Tainan 霧
Hsinchu 霧
Kinmen 霧
Penghu (Magong) 霧
Manila (Hokkien) 霧
Chaozhou 霧
Leizhou 霧
Wenchang 霧
Haikou 霧
Puxian Min Putian 霧, 雺霧
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 霧, 雺
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 雺霧
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 霧, 雺霧
Xianyou 霧, 雺
Xianyou (Fengting) 霧, 雺
Xianyou (Youyang) 霧, 雺
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 霧
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 霧
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 罩子
Wu Shanghai 霧, 霧露, 迷霧
Shanghai (Songjiang) 霧露
Shanghai (Jiading) 迷露
Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) 迷露
Shanghai (Chongming) 迷露
Suzhou 迷露
Wuxi 迷露
Changshu 迷露
Nantong (Haimen) 迷露
Changzhou 迷霧
Danyang 霧
Nanjing (Gaochun) 霧
Hangzhou 霧露
Shaoxing 霧露, 霧氣
Ningbo 霧露
Zhoushan 霧, 霧露, 貓 fishermen's euphemism
Wenzhou 幔, 幔露
Jinhua 霧
Jinhua (Tangxi) 霧露
Xiang Changsha 霧, 罩子, 罩
Loudi 霧, 罩子 thick
Shuangfeng 霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子
Hengyang 霧, 霧氣
Coordinate terms
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  • (basic weather words shared by most dialects): 雲／云 (yún, “cloud”), 霧／雾 (wù, “fog, mist”), 風／风 (fēng, “wind”), 雨 (yǔ, “rain”), 雪 (xuě, “snow”), 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”), 雷 (léi, “thunder”), 虹 (hóng, “rainbow”)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Etymology 2

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trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 潕／𣲘
𫝞

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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霧

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
    Synonyms: 浡, 噴 / 喷, 濺 / 溅, 𫝺, 澍
    含血霧天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    含血雾天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    kâm hoeh bū thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    to slander people with false accusations
    (literally, “to hold the blood in one's mouth and spit it into the sky”)
  2. (Hokkien) to gush upwards; to overflow from a container
    Synonyms: 浡, 泏, 溢, sōe-teⁿ
    燃滾水的時，鼎蓋若無掀開，滾水就會霧出來。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    燃滚水的时，鼎盖若无掀开，滚水就会雾出来。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Hiâⁿ kún-chúi ê sî, tiáⁿ-kòa nā bô hian--khui, kún-chúi tiō ē bū--chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When boiling water, if the lid is not lift, the water will overflow.

Usage notes

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  • (first definition): For the subtle difference between the synonyms, please refer to the usage notes of 澍.
  • (second definition): 霧 / 雾 usually means overflowing due to boiling; 泏 usually means overflowing due to shaking; sōe-teⁿ means dribbling at a spout when it is nearly stopped up; 溢 is used in a general sense.

References

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Etymology 3

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trad. 霧
simp. 雾

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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霧

  1. (Northern Min) alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”)

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 霿).

Japanese

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Kanji

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霧

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
  • Kun: きり (kiri, 霧, Jōyō)、きらう (kirau, 霧らう)

Compounds

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Etymology

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The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 霧る (kiru, “to become foggy”).[1]

First attested in the sense "breath expelled from a person" in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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霧(きり) • (kiri) 

  1. mist, fog
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      重霧 下奇利
      Heavy fog. The below is to be read ki₁ri.
    • 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。
      Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
      A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.
  2. breath expelled from a person
  3. a liquid (e.g. water) that is dispelled into the air like fog
  4. (slang, crime) dawn; daybreak

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “きり 【霧】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

  1. hanja form? of 무 (“fog; mist”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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