霞

霞 U+971E, 霞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971E ← 霝 [U+971D] CJK Unified Ideographs 霟 → [U+971F]

Translingual

Han character

霞 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月口尸水 (MBRSE), four-corner 1024₇, composition ⿱⻗叚)

References

• KangXi: page 1376, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42365
• Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4071, character 16
• Unihan data for U+971E

Chinese

trad.		霞
simp. #		霞
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿵冂⿰丶丶下
alternative forms		雫 alt. 2nd round simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 霞
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
葭	*kraː
麚	*kraː
瘕	*kraː, *kraːʔ
豭	*kraː
貑	*kraː
猳	*kraː
犌	*kraː
假	*kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏	*kraːʔ
婽	*kraːʔ
椵	*kraːʔ
叚	*kraːʔ
蝦	*qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆	*qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞	*ɡraː
遐	*ɡraː
瑕	*ɡraː
鰕	*ɡraː
碬	*ɡraː
蕸	*ɡraː
赮	*ɡraː
鍜	*ɡraː
騢	*ɡraː
暇	*ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡraː): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiá (xia²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): xia²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hà

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ha²

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hâ / hêe / hê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hia⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siá
    • Wade–Giles: hsia²
    • Yale: syá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xia²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕia²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁴
    • Yale: hàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hà
    • Hakka Romanization System: haˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ha²
    • Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
    • Tâi-lô: hâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haa
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêe
    • Tâi-lô: hêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê
    • Tâi-lô: hê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hee
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /he²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /he²³/

Note:

• hâ - literary;
• hê - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hia⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hae

Rime
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡加切
Baxter	hae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣa/
Wang Li	/ɣa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霞
Reading #	1/1
No.	5965
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遐
Old Chinese	/*ɡraː/

Definitions

霞

1. the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds
2. colorful; rosy
3. Alternative form of 遐 (xiá)
4. a surname: Xia

Compounds

• 丹霞 (dānxiá)
• 仙霞嶺／仙霞岭
• 堅臥煙霞／坚卧烟霞
• 奎霞 (Kuíxiá)
• 彤霞
• 彩霞 (cǎixiá)
• 早霞 (zǎoxiá)
• 晚霞 (wǎnxiá)
• 服氣餐霞／服气餐霞
• 服露餐霞
• 朝霞 (zhāoxiá)
• 棲霞／栖霞 (Qīxiá)
• 流霞
• 煙霞／烟霞 (yānxiá)
• 煙霞外人／烟霞外人
• 煙霞痼疾／烟霞痼疾
• 煙霞癖／烟霞癖
• 紅霞／红霞
• 落霞 (luòxiá)
• 雲蒸霞蔚／云蒸霞蔚
• 雲興霞蔚／云兴霞蔚
• 雲霞／云霞 (yúnxiá)
• 霞光 (xiáguāng)
• 霞光豔豔／霞光艳艳
• 霞帔
• 霞浦 (Xiápǔ, “Xiapu”)
• 霞石 (xiáshí)
• 霞表
• 霞頭／霞头
• 飛霞／飞霞
• 飛霞妝／飞霞妆
• 飲流霞／饮流霞
• 餐霞
• 餐霞人
• 餘霞成綺／余霞成绮
• 鳳冠霞帔／凤冠霞帔

 

References

• “霞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
霞
かすみ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

• (dimness of sight): 翳

Kanji

霞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. mist, haze
2. foreglow or afterglow

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: かすみ (kasumi, 霞); かすむ (kasumu, 霞む)

Compounds

Compounds

• 雲(うん)霞(か) (unka)
• 煙(えん)霞(か), 烟(えん)霞(か) (enka)
• 春(しゅん)霞(か) (shunka)
• 朝(ちょう)霞(か) (chōka)
• 晩(ばん)霞(か) (banka)
• 朝(あさ)霞(か) (Asaka)

Etymology

⟨kasumi₁⟩ → /kasumʲi/ → /kasumi/

From Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 霞む (kasumu, “to be hazy”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かすみ [kàsúmí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠sɨᵝmʲi]

Noun

霞(かすみ) • (kasumi) 

1. mist, haze
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki

     晨霞 音計以反, 可須美

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (by extension) dimness of sight
3. a foreglow or afterglow
4. (colloquial) an alcoholic beverage

   Synonym: 酒 (sake)

5. steam that comes out from heating sake or vinegar
6. a cloud-shaped figure used to display a scene transition
7. Short for 霞網 (kasumiami): a fowling net
8. Short for 霞割り (kasumiwari): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Usage notes

• The "mist" sense is never used in a meteorological sense, where it is referred to as 靄 (moya).
• Around the Heian period, spring mists were referred to as kasumi while in autumn they were called 霧 (kiri, literally “fog”); there was no distinction in both seasons in literature before that era as they were used interchangeably.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 霞(かす)網(みあみ) (kasumiami)
• 霞(かすみ)ヶ丘(おか) (Kasumigaoka)
• 霞(かすみ)が関(せき), 霞(かすみ)ヶ関(せき) (Kasumigaseki)
• 霞(かすみ)割(わ)り (kasumiwari)
• 朝(あさ)霞(がすみ) (asagasumi)
• 薄(うす)霞(がすみ) (usugasumi)
• 上(うわ)霞(がすみ) (uwagasumi)
• 雲(くも)霞(かすみ) (kumokasumi)
• すやり霞(がすみ) (suyarigasumi)
• 丁(ちょう)子(じ)霞(がすみ) (chōjigasumi)
• 遠(とお)霞(がすみ) (tōgasumi)
• 夏(なつ)霞(がすみ) (natsugasumi)
• 涙(なみだ)霞(がすみ) (namidagasumi)
• 初(はつ)霞(がすみ) (hatsugasumi)
• 花(はな)霞(がすみ) (hanagasumi)
• 春(はる)霞(がすみ) (harugasumi)
• 冬(ふゆ)霞(がすみ) (fuyugasumi)
• 群(むら)霞(がすみ), 叢(むら)霞(がすみ) (muragasumi)
• 八(や)重(え)霞(がすみ) (yaegasumi)
• 夕(ゆう)霞(がすみ) (yūgasumi)
• 横(よこ)霞(がすみ) (yokogasumi)

Idioms

• 霞(かすみ)に千(ち)鳥(どり) (kasumi ni chidori)
• 霞(かすみ)を食(く)う (kasumi o kuu)

See also

• 靄(もや) (moya)
• 霧(きり) (kiri, “fog”)

Proper noun

霞(かすみ) • (Kasumi) 

1. Short for 霞が関 (Kasumigaseki): a district in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo
2. a female given name
3. a surname

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霞 (MC hae). Recorded as Middle Korean 하 (ha) (Yale: ha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

霞 (eumhun 노을 하 (no'eul ha))

1. Hanja form^? of 하 (“the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 경하 (輕霞, gyeongha)
• 운하 (雲霞, unha)
• 연하 (煙霞, yeonha)
• 하석 (霞石, haseok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

霞: Hán Nôm readings: hà

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.