暇

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暇 U+6687, 暇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6687
← 暆
[U+6686] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 暈 →
[U+6688]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

暇 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日口尸水 (ARSE), four-corner 67047, composition ⿰日叚)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 497, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14036
  • Dae Jaweon: page 865, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1527, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6687

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 暇
2nd round simp. ⿰日下

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 暇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
葭 *kraː
麚 *kraː
瘕 *kraː, *kraːʔ
豭 *kraː
貑 *kraː
猳 *kraː
犌 *kraː
假 *kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏 *kraːʔ
婽 *kraːʔ
椵 *kraːʔ
叚 *kraːʔ
蝦 *qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆 *qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞 *ɡraː
遐 *ɡraː
瑕 *ɡraː
鰕 *ɡraː
碬 *ɡraː
蕸 *ɡraː
赮 *ɡraː
鍜 *ɡraː
騢 *ɡraː
暇 *ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːs): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ)

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Any relation to 假 ("vacation")?”)

Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 閒 (OC *ɡreːn, “idle, unoccupied, relaxed, etc.”).

Sagart (2023b) relates it to 夏 (OC *[ɡ]ˤraʔ) "summer" and Burmese အား (a:, “to be free (not in use; without obligations)”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hâ/hā/hēe - literary;
  • hě/hē/hê - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 暇
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡駕切
    Baxter haeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠaH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚaH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣaH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦaɨH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣaH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣaH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣaH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xià
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haa6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 暇
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xià
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hæH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁra-s/
    English leisure

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 暇
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5975
    Phonetic
    component         		叚
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		暇
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡraːs/

    Definitions[edit]

    暇

    1. leisure, relaxation, spare time

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    暇

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. spare time
    2. rest
    3. leisure
    4. time
    5. leave of absence
    6. not busy

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    暇
    ひま
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    閑

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    暇(ひま) • (hima) -na (adnominal 暇(ひま)な (hima na), adverbial 暇(ひま)に (hima ni))

    1. free; leisure; idle; vacant
    Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of 暇
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 暇だろ ひまだろ hima daro
    Continuative (連用形) 暇で ひまで hima de
    Terminal (終止形) 暇だ ひまだ hima da
    Attributive (連体形) 暇な ひまな hima na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 暇なら ひまなら hima nara
    Imperative (命令形) 暇であれ ひまであれ hima de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 暇ではない
    暇じゃない         		ひまではない
    ひまじゃない         		hima de wa nai
    hima ja nai
    Informal past 暇だった ひまだった hima datta
    Informal negative past 暇ではなかった
    暇じゃなかった         		ひまではなかった
    ひまじゃなかった         		hima de wa nakatta
    hima ja nakatta
    Formal 暇です ひまです hima desu
    Formal negative 暇ではありません
    暇じゃありません         		ひまではありません
    ひまじゃありません         		hima de wa arimasen
    hima ja arimasen
    Formal past 暇でした ひまでした hima deshita
    Formal negative past 暇ではありませんでした
    暇じゃありませんでした         		ひまではありませんでした
    ひまじゃありませんでした         		hima de wa arimasen deshita
    hima ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 暇で ひまで hima de
    Conditional 暇なら（ば） ひまなら（ば） hima nara (ba)
    Provisional 暇だったら ひまだったら hima dattara
    Volitional 暇だろう ひまだろう hima darō
    Adverbial 暇に ひまに hima ni
    Degree 暇さ ひまさ himasa

    Noun[edit]

    暇(ひま) • (hima) 

    1. time, free time
    2. leisure
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    暇
    いとま
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    遑

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    暇(いとま) • (itoma) 

    1. leisure
    2. paid vacation
    3. divorce
    4. loss of one's job
    5. farewell

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    暇 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    暇: Hán Nôm readings: hạ, hả, há, hã, he, hẻ, hẽ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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