閒

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See also: 闲, 閑, 間, and 𫔮
閒 U+9592, 閒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592
← 閑
[U+9591] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 間 →
[U+9593]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1332, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9592

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 閒
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 閒/閑*
simp. 闲*
nonstandard simp. 𫔮

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).

Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).

Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: haan4-2 - “player”.
Note:
  • èng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
    • hân - literary.
    Note:
    • ain5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak;
    • oin5 - other places.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3hhe - vernacular;
    • 3hhi - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 閒
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
    Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
    Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
    Xi'an /xã²⁴/
    Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xiɛn²¹³/ 休～
    /xan²¹³/ 不得～
    Chengdu /ɕian³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
    Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
    /ɦie²³/
    /ɦi²³/
    Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
    /xɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /han¹¹/
    Taoyuan /hɑn¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /han²¹/
    Nanning /hɛn²¹/
    Hong Kong /han²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ham³⁵/
    /hiŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ɛiŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /õi⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
    /ai³¹/
    Rime
    Character 閒
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 山 (73)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 戸閒切
    Baxter hean
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠɛn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚæn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦəɨn/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣæn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣăn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xián
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haan4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 閒
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xián
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hɛn ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-kˁre[n]/
    English idle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 閒
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13531
    Phonetic
    component         		閑
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		閑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡreːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    閒

    1. not busy; idle
      噇飽恰閒。 [Min Dong, trad.]
      噇饱恰闲。 [Min Dong, simp.]
      Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
      Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
    2. vacant; unoccupied; unused
    3. leisurely and carefree
    4. trivial; unimportant
    5. unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
    6. relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
    7. leisure; spare time; free time
    8. (gambling) player (instead of banker)
    9. a surname
    10. (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”)
    Antonyms[edit]
    • (not busy): 忙 (máng)

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”).
    (This character, 閒, is a variant form of 間.)

    References[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)

    1. leisure, idle
    2. peaceful, tranquil, calm

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    閒: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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