門

See also: 鬥, 门, and 𠁣𠃛

門	U+9580, 門 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9580

← 长
[U+957F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閁 →
[U+9581]

⾨	U+2FA8, ⾨ KANGXI RADICAL GATE

← ⾧
[U+2FA7]

Kangxi Radicals

⾩ →
[U+2FA9]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Chinese[edit]

trad.		門
simp.		门
alternative forms		𨳇閅／𮤫门

Wikipedia has articles on:

門 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
門 (Cantonese)
mùn (Hakka)
muòng (Min Dong)
門 (Wu)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 門
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔄	roːs, mruːns
闅	min, mrɯn, *mɯn
閩	mrɯn, mɯn
蕄	mɯːŋ, mrɯːŋ
門	*mɯːn
捫	*mɯːn
悶	*mɯːns
聞	mɯn, mɯns
閿	*mɯn
問	*mɯns

Pictogram (象形): a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”: Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mén (men²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˊ

(Chengdu, SP): men²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мын (mɨn, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): miin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mùn

(Meixian, Guangdong): mun²
Jin (Wiktionary): meng¹
Min Bei (KCR): mô̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): muòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): mn̂g / mûi / bûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): mung⁵ / meng⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³men
Xiang (Wiktionary): men⁵ / men²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mén
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mén
  - Wade–Giles: mên²
  - Yale: mén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: men
  - Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (門兒／门儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ménr
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ménr
  - Wade–Giles: mên²-ʼrh
  - Yale: ménr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mel
  - Palladius: мэnр (mɛnr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /məɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: men²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: men
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мын (mɨn, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /məŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mun⁴
  - Yale: mùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: miin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɨn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: munˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mun²
  - Sinological IPA: /mun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mun²
  - Sinological IPA: /mun¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: meng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mə̃ŋ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muoŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines): /mŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang, Medan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi
  - Tâi-lô: muî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: muii
  - IPA (Penang): /mui²³/
  - IPA (Yilan): /muĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /muĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn
  - Tâi-lô: bûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: buun
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /bun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³/

Note:

mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
bûn - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: mung⁵ / meng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mûng / mṳ̂ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁵⁵/, /mɯŋ⁵⁵/

Note: meng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³men
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /məɲ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: men⁵ / men²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən²¹/, /mən¹³/

Middle Chinese: /muən/

Rime
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫奔切
Baxter	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwən/
Li Rong	/muən/
Wang Li	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤə[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁə[r]/
English	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
No.	8960
Phonetic component	門
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	門
Old Chinese	/*mɯːn/

Definitions[edit]

門

gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
valve; switch
way of doing something; knack
門路／门路 ― ménlù ― way of doing something
family
school; sect; school of thought; tradition
佛門／佛门 ― fómén ― Buddhism

門生／门生 ― ménshēng ― disciple of a particular tradition
class; category
(taxonomy) phylum; division
(logic, electronics) logic gate
Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.
這門生意不好做。／这门生意不好做。 ― Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò. ― It's a tough business.
Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.
你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào? [Pinyin]
Who could have guessed all that in your mind?
Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.
說成一門親事／说成一门亲事 ― shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì ― to successfully make a match
Classifier for large guns.
-gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
(anatomy) hilum of an organ
a surname

Synonyms[edit]

(gate): 閘／闸 (zhá)

Dialectal synonyms of 門 (“door”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		門, 戶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		門
Mandarin	Beijing	門
	Taiwan	門
	Tianjin	門
	Chengde	門
	Tangshan	門
	Cangzhou	門兒
	Baoding	門
	Shijiazhuang	門
	Chifeng	門
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	門
	Heihe	門
	Qiqihar	門
	Harbin	門
	Jiamusi	門
	Baicheng	門
	Changchun	門
	Tonghua	門
	Shenyang	門
	Dandong	門
	Jinzhou	門
	Dalian	門
	Yantai	門
	Yantai (Muping)	門, 門子
	Zhucheng	門
	Jinan	門
	Jining	門
	Wanrong	門
	Shangqiu	門
	Yuanyang	門
	Zhengzhou	門
	Lingbao	門
	Xinyang	門
	Baihe	門
	Hanzhong	門
	Xi'an	門
	Baoji	門
	Yinchuan	門
	Tianshui	門
	Lanzhou	門
	Dunhuang	門
	Xining	門
	Hami	門
	Ürümqi	門
	Wuhan	門
	Yichang	門
	Xiangyang	門
	Tianmen	門
	Hong'an	門
	Chengdu	門
	Nanchong	門
	Dazhou	門
	Hanyuan	門
	Xichang	門
	Zigong	門
	Chongqing	門
	Guiyang	門
	Zunyi	門
	Bijie	門
	Liping	門
	Zhaotong	門
	Dali	門
	Kunming	門
	Mengzi	門
	Guilin	門
Liuzhou	門
Jishou	門
Changde	門
Anqing	門
Xuzhou	門
Fuyang	門
Wuhu	門
Yangzhou	門
Lianyungang	門
Lianshui	門
Nanjing	門
Hefei	門
Nantong	門
Malaysia	門
Singapore	門
Cantonese	Guangzhou	門
	Hong Kong	門
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	門
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	門
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	門
	Dongguan	門
	Yangjiang	門
Gan	Nanchang	門
	Lichuan	門
	Pingxiang	門
Hakka	Meixian	門
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	門
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	門
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	門
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	門
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	門
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	門
	Hong Kong	門
	Kuching (Hepo)	門
Huizhou	Jixi	門
Huizhou	Shexian	門
Jin	Taiyuan	門, 門子
	Pingyao	門
	Yangyuan	門
	Datong	門
	Xinzhou	門子
	Lishi	門
	Linfen	門
	Changzhi	門, 門子
	Linhe	門
	Jining	門
	Hohhot	門
	Erenhot	門
	Pingshan	門兒
	Zhangjiakou	門
	Handan	門兒
	Linzhou	門
	Suide	門
Min Bei	Jian'ou	門
Min Dong	Fuzhou	門
Min Nan	Xiamen	門
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	門
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	門
	Kaohsiung	門
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	門
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	門
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	門
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	門
	Yilan (Toucheng)	門
	Tainan	門
	Tainan (Anping)	門
	Penghu (Xiyu)	門
	Chaozhou	門
	Shantou	門
	Jieyang	門
	Bangkok (Teochew)	門
	Pontianak (Teochew)	門
	Leizhou	門
	Haikou	門
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	門
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	門
	Suzhou	門
	Danyang	門
	Hangzhou	門
	Wenzhou	門
	Jinhua	門
Xiang	Changsha	門
	Xiangxiang	門
	Shuangfeng	門

(large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 門

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (門):

→ Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
→ Korean: 문(門) (mun)
→ Vietnamese: môn (門)

Others:

Wutunhua: men

References[edit]

“門”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

門

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: もん (mon, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
Kun: かど (kado, 門, Jōyō); いえ (ie, 門); と (to, 門); みうち (miuchi, 門)
Nanori: かな (kana); と (to); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

(ryakuji) 门 [U+95E8]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
門
もん Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC muən).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) もん [móꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mõ̞ɴ]

Noun[edit]

門(もん) • (mon)

a gate
(religion) a sect, school of thought
(biology) a phylum, division
Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew

Derived terms[edit]

雷(かみなり)門(もん) (Kaminarimon)

Related terms[edit]

(Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsunobunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 屬(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) ^{(Category: ja:Taxonomy)}

Counter[edit]

門(もん) • (-mon)

counter for cannons or large guns

Affix[edit]

門(もん) • (mon)

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
門
かど Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨kado₁⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) かど [káꜜdò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠do̞]

Noun[edit]

門(かど) • (kado)

Derived terms[edit]

帝(みかど) (mikado)

Proper noun[edit]

門(かど) • (Kado)

a surname

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
門
と Grade: 2
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.

【戸と】2

[noun] door; a plate placed on doorway

(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN