沙門

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāmén

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ ㄇㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹ mun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soa-mn̂g

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāmén
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ ㄇㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shamén
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹-mên²
    • Yale: shā-mén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shamen
    • Palladius: шамэнь (šamɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹ mun⁴
    • Yale: sā mùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ mun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ muːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa-mn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: sua-mn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soamngg
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

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• Middle Chinese: srae mwon

Rime
Character	沙	門
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所加切	莫奔切
Baxter	srae	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/ʃa/	/muən/
Wang Li	/ʃa/	/muən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂa/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa1	mun4

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Possibly from Tocharian, likely the Tocharian A ṣāmaṃ (Ji, 1998v12). Ultimately from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa), possibly via Gandhari 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana /⁠ʂəmənə⁠/) (see Karashima, 2010).

Noun

沙門

1. (Buddhism) ascetic monk

Derived terms

• 沙門果經 / 沙门果经
• 沙門氏桿菌 / 沙门氏杆菌 (shāmén shì gǎnjūn)
• 稗沙門 / 稗沙门

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙門):

• → Japanese: 沙門(しゃもん) (shamon)
• → Korean: 사문(沙門) (samun)
• → Vietnamese: sa môn (沙門)

Etymology 2

		sand(s) sandy	gate(s) opening(s)
trad. (沙門)		沙	門
simp. (沙门)		沙	门

Proper noun

沙門

1. (historical or archaic) former name of 長山 / 长山 (Chángshān), Changshan (an archipelago between the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning, China)

Middle Korean

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 沙門 (MC srae mwon).

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽sàmùn⫽
• Dongguk Jeongun: [상몬]

Noun

沙(사)門(문) (SÀ.MWÙN)

1. (Buddhism) ascetic monk
   • 1447, 석보상절, volume 03, page 19b:

     沙(상)門(몬)이〮 ᄃᆞ외야〮 錫杖(셕〮땨ᇰ) 잡고〮 바리 받고〮 알ᄑᆞ〮로〮 디〯나〮가〮거늘〮

     SANG.MWON-í tòwòy-yá SYÉK.TTYÀNG càp-kwó pàlì pàt-kwó àlph-ólwó tǐnáká-kènúl

     Having become an acetic monk, grabs a khakkhara and receives an ōryōki and passes on forth...