加

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See also: 叻 and 另
加 U+52A0, 加
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0
← 功
[U+529F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 务 →
[U+52A1]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

加 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 46000, composition ⿰力口)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 加

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 加
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妿 *kaːl, *qaːl
賀 *ɡaːls
迦 *ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽 *ɡa, *ɡal
枷 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉 *kraːl
加 *kraːl
笳 *kraːl
痂 *kraːl
袈 *kraːl
跏 *kraːl
珈 *kraːl
鴐 *kraːl
架 *kraːls
駕 *kraːls
瘸 *ɡʷal

According to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 力 (“plow”) + 口 (“mouth”) - a mouth ordering a cow over a plow.

Etymology[edit]

駕 (OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ka - literary;
  • ke/kee - vernacular.
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • gê1 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 加
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古牙切
    Baxter kae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠa/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ka/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ka/
    Wang
    Li         		/ka/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ka/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaa1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 加
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁraj/
    English add

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 加
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5873
    Phonetic
    component         		加
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		嘉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    加

    1. to put on top of another object
    2. to add; to put in
      加鹽／加盐  ―  jiā yán  ―  to add salt
    3. to increase; to raise
    4. to impose; to foist; to grant
    5. placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
    6. (arithmetic) to add
      Antonym: 減／减 (jiǎn)
    7. (social media) to friend
      掃碼加我／扫码加我  ―  sǎomǎ jiā wǒ  ―  scan the QR code to friend me
      加你微信  ―  jiā nǐ Wēixìn  ―  to add your WeChat
    8. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
    9. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to add): 添 (tiān), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
    • (to increase):
    • (to friend): (Hong Kong Cantonese) add

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    加

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. add, addition, increase
    2. Canada

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    加
    か
    Grade: 4
    kan’on

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    加(か) • (ka) 

    1. addition

    Affix[edit]

    加(か) • (ka) 

    1. addition
    2. Short for カナダ (“Canada (a country)”).
    3. (US) Short for 加州 (“California (a state of the United States)”).

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    加 (eumhun 더할 가 (deohal ga))

    1. Hanja form? of 가 (“to add”).

    Compounds[edit]

    1. 加入 (가입)
    2. 加濕機 (가습기)
    3. 追加 (추가)
    4. 增加 (증가)
    5. 參加 (참가)
    6. 添加 (첨가)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    加: Hán Nôm readings: gia[1], chơ[2]

    1. (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
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