添

添 U+6DFB, 添 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DFB ← 淺 [U+6DFA] CJK Unified Ideographs 淼 → [U+6DFC]

Translingual

Han character

添 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 水竹大心 (EHKP) or 水一大心 (EMKP), four-corner 3213₃, composition ⿰氵忝)

Derived characters

• 𠻹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17698
• Dae Jaweon: page 1039, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1639, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6DFB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		添
alternative forms		沗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	*l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	*qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰiːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) – to increase by pouring more water in.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”), whence Thai เต็ม (dtem, “full”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tiān (tian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (tian, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tim¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thiâm

  (Hailu, HRS): tiam^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tiam¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ting¹ / tieng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ / thiam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tin¹ / tiam¹ / tiang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹thi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tian
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹
    • Yale: tyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (tian, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tim¹
    • Yale: tīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiam³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: tiam^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tiam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tiam^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰiam⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tiam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰiam⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ting¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ting
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ting¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tieng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tieng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

• ting1 - vernacular;
• tieng1 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ / thiam
    • Tâi-lô: thinn / thiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvy, tiafm
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³/, /tʰiam³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/

Note:

• thiⁿ - vernacular (“to add; to put”);
• thiam - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tin¹ / tiam¹ / tiang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ / thiam / thiang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰĩ³³/, /tʰiam³³/, /tʰiaŋ³³/

Note:

• tin1 - vernacular;
• tiam1 - literary (Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Shantou);
• tiang1 - literary (Chenghai).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹thi
    • MiniDict: thi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: them

Rime
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他兼切
Baxter	them
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm/
Li Rong	/tʰem/
Wang Li	/tʰiem/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰiːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān
Middle Chinese	‹ them ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]m/
English	add
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
No.	12381
Phonetic component	天
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	添
Old Chinese	/*tʰiːm/

Definitions

添

1. to add; to increase; to supplement; to fill

   添新衣  ―  tiān xīn yī  ―  to buy new clothes

   不給別人添麻煩／不给别人添麻烦  ―  bù gěi biérén tiān máfan  ―  to not trouble others

2. to give birth to (a baby)
3. (Hokkien) to put; to fill; to ladle (into a container)
4. (Cantonese, Hakka, Wenzhounese) again; more

   Alternative forms: 㖭 (tim¹) (Cantonese), 𠻹 (tim¹) (Cantonese)

   唔該，要多兩碗白飯添吖！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   唔该，要多两碗白饭添吖！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   m⁴ goi¹, jiu³ do¹ loeng⁵ wun² baak⁶ faan⁶ tim¹ aa¹! [Jyutping]

   Excuse me, two more bowls of steamed rice, please!

   橫掂仲有兩個鐘先上得機，再眠陣添都唔怕。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   横掂仲有两个钟先上得机，再眠阵添都唔怕。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   waang⁴ dim⁶ zung⁶ jau⁵ loeng⁵ go³ zung¹ sin¹ soeng⁵ dak¹ gei¹, zoi³ min⁴ zan⁶ tim¹ dou¹ m⁴ paa³. [Jyutping]

   Since there is still two hours before boarding anyway, there's no worry in napping a little more.

   • 1998, 一同分享觀看電視的樂趣，並給予兒童適當指導 [Share the joy of watching TV and provide children with guidance]‎^[1], 廣播事務管理局:

     雞蛋六隻，糖呢就兩茶匙，再有啲橙皮添。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     鸡蛋六只，糖呢就两茶匙，再有啲橙皮添。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     gai¹ daan^6-2 luk⁶ zek³, tong⁴ ne¹ zau⁶ loeng⁵ caa⁴ ci⁴, zoi³ jau⁵ di¹ caang^4-2 pei⁴ tim¹. [Jyutping]

     Six eggs, two teaspoons of sugar, and also some orange peels.

5. (Cantonese) Particle expressing surprise (mirativity).

   Alternative forms: 㖭 (tim¹) (Cantonese), 𠻹 (tim¹) (Cantonese)

   我仲以為你係中國人添！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   我仲以为你系中国人添！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ zung⁶ ji⁵ wai⁴ nei⁵ hai⁶ zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ tim¹! [Jyutping]

   And I thought you were Chinese!

   我唔記得嗮添！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   我唔记得嗮添！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ m⁴ gei³ dak¹ saai³ tim¹! [Jyutping]

   I'd totally forgotten!

   今日落雪添。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   gam¹ jat⁶ lok⁶ syut³ tim¹. [Jyutping]

   Oh, it's snowing today.

6. (Taishanese) need to (do something); have to

   我橫掂都添去。 [Taishanese, trad.]
   我横掂都添去。 [Taishanese, simp.]

   I have to go anyway.

7. a surname
8. (Cantonese) a transliteration of the English male given name Tim

Synonyms

• (to add): 加 (jiā), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
• (to put): 盛 (chéng)
• (again):

Dialectal synonyms of 再 (“again”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		再
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	再
	Taiwan	再
	Singapore	再
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	再
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	再
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	又, 再
	Wuhan	再
	Guilin	再
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	再
	Hefei	再
Cantonese	Guangzhou	再, 添 >
	Hong Kong	再, 添 >
	Yangjiang	應
	Singapore (Guangfu)	再
Gan	Nanchang	再, 湊 >
Hakka	Meixian	再, 添 >
Jin	Taiyuan	再
Northern Min	Jian'ou	再, 唵
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	再, 蓋, 介
	Fuqing	介
Southern Min	Xiamen	閣, 閣再
	Quanzhou	閣, 閣再
	Zhangzhou	閣, 閣再
	Tainan	閣, 閣再
	Singapore (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再
	Manila (Hokkien)	閣, 閣再, 過再, 閣過再
	Chaozhou	再
Wu	Shanghai	再
	Suzhou	再
	Wenzhou	再, 添 >
Xiang	Changsha	再
	Shuangfeng	再, 還
Note	> - used after the object

Compounds

• 一喫一添 / 一吃一添
• 加枝添葉 / 加枝添叶 (jiāzhītiānyè)
• 加油添醋
• 加油添醬 / 加油添酱
• 加添 (jiātiān)
• 十頭添撇 / 十头添撇
• 增添 (zēngtiān)
• 增磚添瓦 / 增砖添瓦
• 如虎添翼 (rúhǔtiānyì)
• 平添 (píngtiān)
• 延壽添嗣 / 延寿添嗣
• 放屁添風 / 放屁添风
• 有枝添葉 / 有枝添叶 (yǒuzhītiānyè)
• 沒添貨 / 没添货
• 海屋添籌 / 海屋添筹
• 海屋籌添 / 海屋筹添
• 添丁 (tiāndīng)
• 添乘 (tiānchéng)
• 添倉 / 添仓
• 添倅
• 添傳 / 添传
• 添兵減灶 / 添兵减灶
• 添削
• 添前字
• 添力
• 添加 (tiānjiā)
• 添加物 (tiānjiāwù)
• 添增 (tiānzēng)
• 添墳 / 添坟
• 添壽 / 添寿
• 添妝 / 添妆
• 添展
• 添差
• 添忙
• 添房
• 添換 / 添换
• 添改
• 添本
• 添枝加葉 / 添枝加叶 (tiānzhījiāyè)
• 添枝增葉 / 添枝增叶
• 添枝接葉 / 添枝接叶
• 添案
• 添案小吃
• 添梯
• 添油加醋 (tiānyóujiācù)
• 添油熾薪 / 添油炽薪
• 添火
• 添盆
• 添磚加瓦 / 添砖加瓦 (tiānzhuānjiāwǎ)
• 添禍 / 添祸
• 添答
• 添箱
• 添粧 / 添妆
• 添給 / 添给
• 添綴 / 添缀
• 添線 / 添线
• 添置 (tiānzhì)
• 添補 / 添补
• 添設 / 添设 (tiānshè)
• 添註 / 添注
• 添購 / 添购
• 添造
• 添都
• 添都馬 / 添都马
• 添酒
• 添醋加油
• 添附
• 添革
• 添鹽着醋
• 火上添油
• 為虎添翼 / 为虎添翼
• 為蛇添足 / 为蛇添足
• 無添和 / 无添和
• 猛虎添翼
• 生添
• 畫蛇添足 / 画蛇添足 (huàshétiānzú)
• 眉下添眉
• 籌添海屋 / 筹添海屋
• 紅袖添香 / 红袖添香
• 與虎添翼 / 与虎添翼
• 蛇添足
• 錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
• 附添
• 頰上添毫 / 颊上添毫

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (添):

• → Japanese: 添(てん) (ten)
• → Korean: 첨(添) (cheom)
• → Vietnamese: thiêm (添)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: thêm

Japanese

Kanji

添

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to attach

Readings

• Go-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)^{←てむ (temu, historical)}
• Kan-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)^{←てむ (temu, historical)}
• Kun: そえる (soeru, 添える, Jōyō)^{←そへる (soferu, 添へる, historical)}、そう (sou, 添う, Jōyō)^{←そふ (sofu, 添ふ, historical)}

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 添 (MC them). Recorded as Middle Korean 텸〮 (thyém) (Yale: thyem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

添 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))

1. hanja form^? of 첨 (“add”)

Compounds

• 첨가 (添加, cheomga)
• 첨부 (添附, cheombu)
• 첨삭 (添削, cheomsak)
• 화사첨족 (畫蛇添足, hwasacheomjok)
• 후첨 (後添, hucheom)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

添: Hán Việt readings: thiêm
添: Nôm readings: thêm, thèm

1. chữ Nôm form of thêm (“additional; more; to increase”)