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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+6A5F, 機
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A5F

[U+6A5E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6A60]

Translingual

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Japanese 機∣
Simplified
Traditional 機∣

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 42953, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 554, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
  • Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1298, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6A5F

Usage notes

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Note that in Japanese, both and are used with separate meanings (: desk and : machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, is the simplified form of .

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic + phonetic (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gi1 - literary;
  • gui1 - vernacular.
Note:
  • ki - literary;
  • kui - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɨi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɨj/
Li
Rong
/kiəi/
Wang
Li
/kĭəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ke̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gei1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjɨj ›
Old
Chinese
/*kəj/
English mechanism

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5788
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯl/

Definitions

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  1. weaving machine; spinning machine
      ―  zhù  ―  loom
  2. machine; apparatus; device
    打字打字  ―  dǎzì  ―  typewriter
  3. (mostly in compounds) Short for 飛機飞机 (fēijī, “aircraft”). (Classifier: c)
      ―  piào  ―  plane ticket
      ―  chǎng  ―  airport
    無人无人  ―  wúrén  ―  drone
      ―  dēng  ―  to board a plane
    坐穩坐稳 [Cantonese]  ―  co5 wan2 gei1! [Jyutping]  ―  Have a safe flight!
  4. (mostly in compounds) Short for 手機手机 (shǒujī, “cellphone”).
  5. (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 遊戲機游戏机 (yóuxìjī, “video game”).
  6. flight (Classifier: m c)
  7. mechanism; process
      ―  xuán  ―  arcane truth; nature's mystery
  8. cause; reason
  9. secret; confidential (affair)
      ―    ―  top secret
  10. opportunity; chance; crucial point
      ―  zhàn  ―  opportunity in battle
  11. plan; idea
      ―  shén  ―  marvellous strategy
  12. flexible; quick-witted
  13. organic
      ―  yǒu  ―  organic
  14. Classifier for loads in a washing machine, dishwasher, etc.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ki)
  • Korean: 기(機) (gi)
  • Vietnamese: ()

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. loom
  2. machine
  3. opportunity

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: はた (hata, , Jōyō)こぶち (kobuchi)おり (ori, )わかつり (wakatsuri)

Compounds

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Usage notes

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  • Often used interchangeably in compounds with (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, airplane) with 検知器 (kenchiki, sensor, detector).

Alternative forms

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, ryakuji for .

has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):

  • A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for and for /. Note that is itself a Heian-period simplification of .
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (kjɨj, mechanism; opportunity, chance). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ki

  1. a machine, a device; a contraption
  2. (weaving) a loom
  3. an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
  4. something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
  5. resourcefulness
  6. (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
  7. by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
  8. in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
  9. short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
  10. short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun

Idiom

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Counter

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() (-ki

  1. indicates aircraft
  2. indicates paper aeroplanes
  3. indicates lives in video games

Suffix

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() (-ki

  1. indicates machines
  2. indicates airplanes
    (せん)(とう)()
    sentōki
    a fighter aircraft

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
こぶち
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
首打

Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of (kōbe, head) + 打ち (uchi, striking, hitting).[3][1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(こぶち) (kobuchi

  1. a trap or snare that works by beheading the bird or beast caught in it

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
はた
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare (hata, a flag). Compare Korean 베틀 (beteul).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はた) (hata

  1. (weaving) a loom
  2. woven cloth

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
わかつり
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, to manipulate something),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (wokotsuru, to manipulate or con someone),[3] a compound of (woko, a fool) + 釣る (tsuru, to fish, to draw out).[3]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [β̞a̠ka̠t͡sɨɾʲi]

Noun

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(わかつり) (wakatsuri

  1. manipulation (as in a device)
  2. manipulation (as in a person): deception, taking someone in
  3. getting on someone's right side; humoring someone; an effort to please someone

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC kj+j). Recorded as Middle Korean (kuy) (Yale: kuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (teul gi))

  1. hanja form? of (machine)
  2. hanja form? of (opportunity; chance)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: , ki

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.