你

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See also: 妳, 您, 祢, and 儞
你 U+4F60, 你
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F60
← 佟
[U+4F5F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佡 →
[U+4F61]
你 U+2F804, 你
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F804
← 𠄢
[U+2F803] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 侮 →
[U+2F805]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order
你-order.gif

Han character[edit]

你 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火 (ONF), four-corner 27290 or 27292, composition ⿰亻尔)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 100, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 471
  • Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 137, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4F60

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 你
alternative forms
 
伱
儞
伲
𤙌
汝 Coastal Min
伱
儞
伲
𤙌
汝 Coastal Min
㚢 Hakka
𪡇

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 你
Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L14036.svg

L14036

ACC-L14037.svg

L14037

ACC-L14038.svg

L14038

ACC-L14039.svg

L14039

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (尔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妳 *rneːlʔ
弥 *mnel
尒 *njelʔ
尔 *njelʔ
迩 *njelʔ
你 *nɯʔ
苶 *neːb, *njed, *neːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nɯʔ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”)

Etymology[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nei1 - vernacular;
  • nei4 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • Meixian:
      • ngi2/n2 - vernacular;
      • ni1 - literary.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • lí/lír/lú - vernacular (common substitute for 汝);
    • ní - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 你
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2769
    Phonetic
    component         		尔
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		伱
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nɯʔ/
    Notes 爾汝音變

    Definitions[edit]

    你

    1. you (the person spoken to or written to)
      你好  ―  nǐ hǎo  ―  hello
      你今天好嗎？ / 你今天好吗？  ―  Nǐ jīntiān hǎo ma?  ―  How are you today?
      我喜歡你。 / 我喜欢你。  ―  Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ.  ―  I like you.

    Usage notes[edit]

    In traditional Chinese, 你 may be used to specifically refer to a male person, while 妳 can be used for a female person. In simplified Chinese, only 你 is standard.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 honorific, 卿 honorific
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 你, 您 honorific, 閣下 honorific, 臺端
    Mandarin Beijing 你, 您 honorific
    Taiwan 你, 您 honorific
    Ulanhot 你
    Tongliao 你
    Chifeng 你, 您 honorific
    Bayanhot 你, 您 honorific
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 你
    Harbin 你, 您 honorific
    Shenyang 你
    Muping 你
    Weifang (Weicheng) 你
    Weifang (Fangzi) 你
    Weifang (Hanting) 你
    Changyi 你
    Gaomi 你, 恁
    Zhucheng 你, 恁
    Anqiu 你
    Changle 你
    Linqu 你, 恁
    Qingzhou 你
    Shouguang 你
    Wulian 你
    Jinan 你
    Luoyang 你
    Wanrong 你
    Zhengzhou 你
    Xi'an 你
    Dingbian 你
    Yinchuan 你
    Lanzhou 你
    Xining 你, 喬
    Ürümqi 你
    Yanqi 你
    Wuhan 你, 你家 honorific
    Chengdu 你
    Guiyang 你
    Kunming 你
    Guilin 你
    Liuzhou 你
    Nanning (Xiakuojie) 你
    Nanning (Fujian) 你
    Nanning (Wuming) 你
    Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 你
    Binyang (Nanjie) 你
    Qinzhou (Longmengang) 你
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 你
    Xuzhou 恁, 你
    Yangzhou 你
    Xinghua 你
    Nanjing 你
    Hefei 你
    Nantong 你
    Changle (Qinjiang) 你
    Malaysia 你, 您 honorific
    Singapore 你, 您 honorific
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 你
    Dagudi (Maliba) 你
    Reshuitang (Longling) 你
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 你
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 你
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 你
    Cantonese Guangzhou 你
    Hong Kong 你
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 你
    Macau 你
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 你
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 你
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 你
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 你
    Foshan 你
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 你
    Foshan (Shunde) 你
    Foshan (Sanshui) 你
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 你
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 你
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 你
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 你
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 你
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 你
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 你
    Taishan 你
    Kaiping (Chikan) 你
    Enping (Niujiang) 你
    Heshan (Yayao) 你
    Dongguan 你
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 你
    Qingyuan 你
    Fogang 你
    Yingde (Hanguang) 你
    Yangshan 你
    Lianshan (Butian) 你
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 你
    Shaoguan 你
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 你
    Renhua 你
    Lechang 你
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 你
    Sihui 你
    Guangning 你
    Deqing 你
    Huaiji 你
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 你
    Yunfu 你
    Xinxing 你
    Luoding 你
    Yunan (Pingtai) 你
    Yangjiang 你
    Xinyi 你
    Lianjiang 你
    Nanning 你
    Baise 你
    Qinzhou 你
    Beihai 你
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 你
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 你
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 你
    Danzhou 你
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 你
    Penang (Guangfu) 你
    Singapore (Guangfu) 你
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 你
    Móng Cái 你
    Gan Nanchang 你
    Lichuan 汝
    Pingxiang 恨, 你
    Hakka Meixian 你
    Xingning 你
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 你
    Huiyang 你
    Huidong (Daling) 你
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 你
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 你
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 你
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 你
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 你
    Nanxiong (Zhuji) 你
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 你
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 你
    Liannan 你
    Conghua (Lütian) 你
    Jiexi 你
    Changting 你
    Wuping 你
    Wuping (Pingyu) 你
    Liancheng 你
    Ninghua 你
    Yudu 你
    Ruijin 你
    Shicheng 你
    Shangyou 你
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 你
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 你
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 你
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 你
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 你
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 你
    Hong Kong 你
    Luchuan 你
    Bobai (Shahe) 你
    Bobai (Longtan) 你
    Bobai (Lingping) 你
    Bobai (Lingjiao) 你
    Sabah (Longchuan) 你
    Senai (Huiyang) 你
    Kuching (Hepo) 你
    Singkawang 你
    Bangkok (Meixian) 你
    Huizhou Jixi 爾, 爾仂
    Shexian 爾
    Tunxi 爾, 爾仂
    Jin Taiyuan 你
    Xinzhou 你, 你吶 honorific
    Taibus (Baochang) 你, 您 honorific
    Linhe 你, 您 honorific
    Jining 你, 您 honorific
    Hohhot 你, 您 honorific
    Baotou 你, 您 honorific
    Dongsheng 你, 您 honorific
    Haibowan 你, 您 honorific
    Min Bei Jian'ou 你
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 你
    Songxi 你
    Zhenghe 你
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 汝
    Jianyang 你
    Wuyishan 你
    Pucheng (Shibei) 你
    Min Dong Fuzhou 汝
    Changle 汝
    Lianjiang 汝
    Fuqing 汝
    Pingtan 汝
    Yongtai 汝
    Minqing 汝
    Gutian 汝
    Pingnan 汝
    Luoyuan 汝
    Fu'an 汝
    Ningde 汝
    Xiapu 汝
    Zherong 汝
    Shouning 汝
    Zhouning 汝
    Fuding 汝
    Matsu 汝
    Singapore (Fuqing) 汝
    Manjung (Gutian) 汝
    Min Nan Xiamen 汝
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 汝
    Quanzhou 汝
    Jinjiang 汝
    Zhangzhou 汝
    Zhangpu 汝
    Zhao'an 汝
    Dongshan 汝
    Taipei 汝
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 汝
    Kaohsiung 汝
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 汝
    Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 汝
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 汝
    Yilan 汝
    Changhua (Lukang) 汝
    Taichung 汝
    Taichung (Wuqi) 汝
    Tainan 汝
    Taitung 汝
    Hsinchu 汝
    Kinmen 汝
    Penghu (Magong) 汝
    Penang (Hokkien) 汝
    Singapore (Hokkien) 汝
    Manila (Hokkien) 汝
    Medan (Hokkien) 汝
    Guilin (Biyange) 汝
    Chaozhou 汝
    Shantou 汝
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 汝
    Jieyang 汝
    Haifeng 汝
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 汝
    Singapore (Teochew) 汝
    Pontianak (Teochew) 汝
    Leizhou 汝
    Wenchang 汝
    Haikou 汝
    Singapore (Hainanese) 汝
    Puxian Min Putian 汝
    Xianyou 汝
    Min Zhong Yong'an 你
    Sanyuan 你
    Shaxian 你
    Yanping (Wangtai) 你
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 汝
    Sanxiang 汝
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 你
    Shehua Fu'an 你
    Fuding 你
    Luoyuan 你
    Sanming 你
    Shunchang 你
    Hua'an 你
    Guixi (Zhangping) 你
    Cangnan 你
    Jingning 你
    Lishui 你
    Longyou 你
    Chaozhou 你
    Fengshun 你
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 你
    Wu Shanghai 儂
    Shanghai (Chongming) 爾
    Suzhou 倷
    Wuxi 你
    Danyang 爾
    Hangzhou 你
    Ningbo 儂, 爾, 爾儂
    Wenzhou 你
    Jinhua 儂
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 爾, 爾儂
    Xiang Changsha 你
    Xiangtan 你
    Loudi 你
    Shuangfeng 你

    Compounds[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns
    Person Singular Plural
    1st — 我 (wǒ) 我們／我们 (wǒmen)
    inclusive 咱們／咱们 (zánmen)
    2nd male/indefinite 你 (nǐ) 你們／你们 (nǐmen)
    female 妳／你 (nǐ) 妳們／你们 (nǐmen)
    deity 祢 (nǐ) 祢們／祢们 (nǐmen)
    polite 您 (nín) 你們／你们 (nǐmen)
    您們／您们 (nínmen)
    3rd male/indefinite 他 (tā) 他們／他们 (tāmen)
    female 她 (tā) 她們／她们 (tāmen)
    deity 祂 (tā) 祂們／祂们 (tāmen)
    animal 牠／它 (tā) 牠們／它们 (tāmen)
    inanimate 它 (tā) 它們／它们 (tāmen)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    你

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. you

    Readings[edit]

    Usage notes[edit]

    This character is not used in modern Japanese. It may appear as a 略字 (ryakuji, “abbreviated character”) for 爾, itself only used in historical texts and not used in modern Japanese.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    你 (eum 니 (ni))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    你: Hán Nôm readings: nể, né, nẻ, nệ, nễ, nhĩ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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