你

你 U+4F60, 你 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F60 ← 佟 [U+4F5F] CJK Unified Ideographs 佡 → [U+4F61]

你 U+2F804, 你 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F804 ← 𠄢 [U+2F803] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 侮 → [U+2F805]

See also: 妳, 您, 祢, and 儞

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

你 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火 (ONF), four-corner 2729₀ or 2729₂, composition ⿰亻尔)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 100, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 471
• Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 137, character 5
• Unihan data for U+4F60

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		你
alt. forms		伱 儞 伲 𤙌 汝 Min Nan 伱 儞 伲 𤙌 汝 Min Nan 㚢 Hakka

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 你
Large seal script L14036 L14037 L14038 L14039
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (尔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
妳	*rneːlʔ
弥	*mnel
尒	*njelʔ
尔	*njelʔ
迩	*njelʔ
你	*nɯʔ
苶	*neːb, *njed, *neːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nɯʔ): 亻 + 尔.

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): nǐ (ni³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): nyi³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): nei⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): n³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngi² / n²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ni²
• Min Dong (BUC): nī
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lír / lú / ní

  (Teochew, Peng'im): le²

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3); 'ni (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): nyi³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: nǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
    • Wade-Giles: nih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
    • IPA ^(key): /ni²¹⁴/
• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
    • IPA ^(key): /nʲi⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nei⁵
    • Yale: néih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: néi⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /nei̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nei¹
    • IPA ^(key): /ⁿdei³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: n³
    • IPA ^(key): /n̩²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ / ngˇ / niˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi² / n² / ng² / ni²
    • IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n¹¹/, /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi² / n²
    • IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngi² / n²
    • IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n̩¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ni²
    • IPA (old-style): /ni⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nī
    • IPA ^(key): /nˡi³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
    • Tâi-lô: lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
    • IPA (Singapore): /li⁴²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
    • Tâi-lô: lír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Tong'an): /lɯ³¹/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /lɯ⁵³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /lɯ⁴²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Singapore, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
    • Tâi-lô: lú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luo
    • IPA (Taipei): /lu⁵³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /lu⁴²/
    • IPA (Penang): /lu⁴⁴⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
    • Tâi-lô: ní
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/

Note:

• lí/lír/lú - vernacular (common substitute for 汝);
• ní - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: le²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ́
  • IPA ^(key): /lɯ⁵²/

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyi (T3); 'ni (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ʔni³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: nyi³
    • IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi⁴¹/

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• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*nɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	你
Reading #	1/1
No.	2769
Phonetic component	尔
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伱
Old Chinese	/*nɯʔ/
Notes	爾汝音變

Definitions

你

1. (informal) you (the person spoken to or written to)

   你好  ―  nǐhǎo  ―  hello

   你今天好嗎？ / 你今天好吗？  ―  Nǐ jīntiān hǎo ma?  ―  How are you today?

   我喜歡你。 / 我喜欢你。  ―  Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ.  ―  I like you.

Synonyms

• 您 (nín, “you (polite)”)
• 妳／你 (nǐ, “you (female)”)

Compounds

• 一場官司一場火，任你好漢沒處躲／一场官司一场火，任你好汉没处躲
• 不是你死，就是我活
• 不是我，便是你
• 不瞞你說／不瞒你说
• 不說話，沒人當你是啞吧／不说话，没人当你是哑吧
• 你三我四
• 你丟我撿／你丢我捡
• 你來我往／你来我往
• 你們／你们 (nǐmen)
• 你儂我儂／你侬我侬
• 你咱
• 你好 (nǐhǎo)
• 你家

• 你家的
• 你我 (nǐwǒ)
• 你推我擠／你推我挤
• 你推我讓／你推我让
• 你有千條妙計，我有一定之規／你有千条妙计，我有一定之规
• 你東我西／你东我西
• 你死我活 (nǐsǐwǒhuó)
• 你爭我奪／你争我夺
• 你生
• 你知我見／你知我见
• 你老
• 你誇我逞／你夸我逞
• 你謙我讓／你谦我让

• 你追我趕／你追我赶
• 你長我短／你长我短
• 天知地知，你知我知
• 有你沒我／有你没我
• 有你的
• 迷你 (mínǐ)
• 迷你型計算機／迷你型计算机
• 迷你玫瑰
• 迷你盆景
• 迷你裙 (mínǐqún)
• 迷你豬／迷你猪
• 迷你電腦／迷你电脑
• 閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更／阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更

See also

Standard Chinese personal pronouns
Person		Singular	Plural
1st	—	我 (wǒ)	我們／我们 (wǒmen)
	inclusive		咱們／咱们 (zánmen)
2nd	male/indefinite	你	你們／你们 (nǐmen)
	female	妳／你 (nǐ)	妳們／你们 (nǐmen)
	deity	祢 (nǐ)	祢們／祢们 (nǐmen)
	polite	您 (nín)	你們／你们 (nǐmen) 您們／您们 (nínmen)
3rd	male/indefinite	他 (tā)	他們／他们 (tāmen)
	female	她 (tā)	她們／她们 (tāmen)
	deity	祂 (tā)	祂們／祂们 (tāmen)
	animal	牠／它 (tā)	牠們／它们 (tāmen)
	inanimate	它 (tā)	它們／它们 (tāmen)

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Japanese

Kanji

你

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. you

Readings

• Goon: に (ni)
• Kan’on: じ (ji)
• Kun: なんじ (nanji); しかり (shikari); その (sono); のみ (nomi)

Usage notes

This character is not used in modern Japanese. It may appear as a 略字 (ryakuji, “abbreviated character”) for 爾, itself only used in historical texts and not used in modern Japanese.

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Korean

Hanja

你 • (ni) (hangeul 니, revised ni, McCune-Reischauer ni)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

你 (nể, né, nẻ, nệ, nễ, nhĩ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation