恨
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]恨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
- Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6068
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
恨 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
艱 | *krɯːn |
齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
根 | *kɯːn |
跟 | *kɯːn |
珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
艮 | *kɯːns |
茛 | *kɯːns |
墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
痕 | *ɡɯːn |
拫 | *ɡɯːn |
鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
恨 | *ɡɯːns |
銀 | *ŋrɯn |
檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡɯːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart; thought; emotion”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): han6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hen
- Northern Min (KCR): hāing
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ghen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hèn
- Wade–Giles: hên4
- Yale: hèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: henn
- Palladius: хэнь (xɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: han6
- Yale: hahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: han6
- Guangdong Romanization: hen6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen
- Hakka Romanization System: hen
- Hagfa Pinyim: hen4
- Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâung
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɑuŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hīrn
- Tâi-lô: hīrn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hən⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hīn
- Tâi-lô: hīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hin²²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hin³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: heng6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɯŋ³⁵/
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 恨 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xən⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /xən⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /xən⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /xẽ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /xə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xən³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /xẽ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /xə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xəŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xə̃n¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /xɤŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /xən³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /xən¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /xen²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /xə̃²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /xən⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /xən⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇~ /xəŋ⁵³/ ~人 |
Pingyao | /xəŋ⁵³/ /xəŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦəŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦən³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦen¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɦaŋ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | /xɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xən⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /hən⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /hɛn²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hen⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /hen⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /hɐn²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɐŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hun²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɔuŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hɯŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hun³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: honH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-q]ˤə[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːns/
Definitions
[edit]恨
- to resent; to hate
- to regret; to pity
- 恨不得 ― hènbùdé ― to wish that one could ("to regret that one may not")
- 恨鐵不成鋼/恨铁不成钢 ― hèntiěbùchénggāng ― to pity someone's lack of improvement
- (chiefly literary) to pine; to long for; to miss; to suffer from intense desire
- 輟耕之壟上,悵恨久之,曰:「苟富貴,無相忘。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Chuò gēng zhī lǒng shàng, chànghèn jiǔzhī, yuē: “Gǒu fùguì, wú xiāngwàng.” [Pinyin]
- Taking a break from the work, he went up a raised slope by the fields. Full of care and discontent with himself for quite a while, he burst out, "Lest we forget one another when greatness is achieved!"
辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:「苟富贵,无相忘。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- hatred; dislike
- 抱恨 ― bàohèn ― to be bitterly regretful
- 懷恨在心/怀恨在心 ― huáihènzàixīn ― to harbour hatred; to entertain hateful thoughts
- 世上決沒有無緣無故的愛,也沒有無緣無故的恨。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Shìshàng jué méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de ài, yě méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de hèn. [Pinyin]
- There is absolutely no such thing in the world as love or hatred with out reason or cause.
世上决没有无缘无故的爱,也没有无缘无故的恨。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to be eager for something
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 恨 |
Taiwan | 恨 | |
Malaysia | 恨 | |
Singapore | 恨 | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 恨 |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 恨 |
Ürümqi | 恨 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 恨 |
Wuhan | 恨, 懥怨 | |
Liuzhou | 恨 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 恨 |
Hefei | 恨 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 憎, 嬲 |
Hong Kong | 憎 | |
Dongguan | 憎 | |
Yangjiang | 嬲 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 恨 |
Hakka | Meixian | 恨 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恨 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恨 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 恨 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 恨 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 恨 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恨 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 恨 |
Xinzhou | 恨 | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 恨 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 恨 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 恨, 猌 |
Zhangzhou | 猌 | |
Taipei | 猌 GT, 恨 GT | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 猌, 惱 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 猌 | |
Chaozhou | 恨 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 恨 |
Wu | Suzhou | 恨 |
Wenzhou | 恨 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 恨 |
Shuangfeng | 馮, 恨 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds
[edit]- 不恨 (bùhèn)
- 中懷怨恨/中怀怨恨
- 仇恨 (chóuhèn)
- 今愁古恨
- 千仇萬恨/千仇万恨
- 千愁萬恨/千愁万恨
- 可恨 (kěhèn)
- 含恨 (hánhèn)
- 吞恨
- 報仇雪恨/报仇雪恨 (bàochóu xuěhèn)
- 報恨/报恨 (bàohèn)
- 報讎雪恨/报雠雪恨 (bàochóu xuěhèn)
- 嫉恨 (jíhèn)
- 客恨
- 寒門飲恨/寒门饮恨
- 心頭之恨/心头之恨
- 忌恨 (jìhèn)
- 忿恨
- 怨恨 (yuànhèn)
- 怪恨
- 恨不得 (hènbude)
- 恨之入骨 (hènzhīrùgǔ)
- 恨之切骨 (hènzhīqiègǔ)
- 恨事
- 恨人
- 恨入心髓 (hènrùxīnsuǐ)
- 恨入骨髓 (hènrùgǔsuǐ)
- 恨怒 (hènnù)
- 恚恨 (huìhèn)
- 恨恨
- 恨海
- 恨相知晚
- 恨相見晚/恨相见晚
- 恨絕/恨绝
- 恨苦
- 恨苦修行
- 恨賦/恨赋
- 恨鐵不成鋼/恨铁不成钢 (hèn tiě bù chéng gāng)
- 悔恨 (huǐhèn)
- 悵恨/怅恨 (chànghèn)
- 慨恨
- 惱恨/恼恨 (nǎohèn)
- 愛恨交織/爱恨交织
- 愁江恨海
- 愧恨
- 慚恨/惭恨
- 憤恨/愤恨 (fènhèn)
- 憎恨 (zēnghèn)
- 憤恨不平/愤恨不平 (fènhèn bùpíng)
- 憾恨
- 懷恨/怀恨 (huáihèn)
- 抱恨 (bàohèn)
- 抱恨終天/抱恨终天 (bàohènzhōngtiān)
- 挾恨/挟恨 (xiéhèn)
- 新恨
- 新愁舊恨/新愁旧恨
- 歎恨/叹恨
- 洩恨/泄恨 (xièhèn)
- 深仇大恨 (shēnchóudàhèn)
- 痛恨 (tònghèn)
- 發恨/发恨
- 相得恨晚
- 相知恨晚
- 相見恨晚/相见恨晚 (xiāngjiànhènwǎn)
- 相逢恨晚
- 終天之恨/终天之恨 (zhōngtiānzhīhèn)
- 終天抱恨/终天抱恨
- 舊恨/旧恨 (jiùhèn)
- 舊恨新愁/旧恨新愁
- 舊愁新恨/旧愁新恨
- 蓄恨
- 解恨 (jiěhèn)
- 記恨/记恨 (jìhèn)
- 遺恨/遗恨 (yíhèn)
- 遺恨千古/遗恨千古
- 銜恨/衔恨 (xiánhèn)
- 銜恨蒙枉/衔恨蒙枉
- 銜悲茹恨/衔悲茹恨
- 長恨傳/长恨传
- 長恨歌/长恨歌
- 離恨/离恨
- 離恨天/离恨天
- 雪恨 (xuěhèn)
- 飲恨/饮恨 (yǐnhèn)
- 飲恨吞聲/饮恨吞声
- 飲恨而終/饮恨而终 (yǐnhèn'érzhōng)
- 齎恨/赍恨 (jīhèn)
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]恨
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
恨 |
はん Grade: S |
irregular |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- han (resentment as a part of the Korean cultural identity)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 恨 (MC honH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale: hhún) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: aytol) | ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale: hon) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]恨 (eumhun 한탄할 한 (hantanhal han))
- hanja form? of 한 (“deep-seated resentment”) [noun]
- hanja form? of 한 (“to resent; to hate”) [affix]
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]恨: Hán Nôm readings: hận, giận, hằn, hờn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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