齦

See also: 𮯅 and 龈

齦 U+9F66, 齦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F66 ← 齥 [U+9F65] CJK Unified Ideographs 齧 → [U+9F67]

Translingual

Traditional	齦
Shinjitai (extended)	𮯅
Simplified	龈

Han character

齦 (Kangxi radical 211, 齒+6, 21 strokes, cangjie input 卜山日女 (YUAV), four-corner 2773₂, composition ⿰齒艮)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1534, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48649
• Dae Jaweon: page 2072, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4794, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9F66

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Etymology 1

trad.		齦
simp.		龈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngan⁴
    • Yale: ngàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngj+n

Rime
Character	齦
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	語斤切
Baxter	ngj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨn/
Li Rong	/ŋiən/
Wang Li	/ŋĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齦
Reading #	3/3
No.	3945
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	䖐
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯn/

Definitions

齦

1. gum (flesh around teeth)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 牙齦 (“gum; gingiva”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		齦
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牙齦, 齒齦
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	牙床兒, 牙床子
	Taiwan	牙床, 牙齦
	Harbin	牙花子
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	牙花子, 牙床子
	Jinan	牙花子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	牙花子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	牙床, 牙圪陵兒
	Wanrong	牙山
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	牙花子
	Xi'an	牙床子
	Xining	牙花子, 牙關子
	Xuzhou	牙根子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	牙床子
	Lanzhou	牙花子
	Ürümqi	牙床子, 牙花子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	牙床
	Wuhan	牙包
	Guiyang	牙根
	Guilin	牙根
	Liuzhou	牙肉, 牙床
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	牙花
	Yangzhou	牙花子, 牙板子
	Nantong	牙齦子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牙肉
	Hong Kong	牙肉, 牙床
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	牙肉
	Taishan	牙肉
	Dongguan	牙床, 牙齦
	Nanning	牙肉
	Wuzhou	牙肉
	Yulin	牙肉, 牙根
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	牙肉
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牙肉
Gan	Nanchang	牙疆
	Lichuan	牙腮肉, 牙腮, 牙床肉, 牙床, 牙較
	Pingxiang	牙筋肉, 牙腮肉
Hakka	Meixian	牙床肉
	Xingning	牙床肉
	Huidong (Daling)	牙床肉
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牙脣肉
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	牙藤
	Changting	牙舷肉
	Wuping	牙騎肉
	Wuping (Pingyu)	牙琴肉
	Ninghua	牙門肉, 牙齦肉
	Yudu	牙查肉, 牙床肉
	Ruijin	牙齒肉
	Shicheng	牙㿸肉, 牙䫧
	Shangyou (Shexi)	牙撬肉, 牙䫧
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牙倉肉, 牙床肉
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牙倉肉
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牙倉肉
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牙齦肉, 牙槽
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牙倉肉
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牙槽肉, 牙槽
	Hong Kong	牙倉肉
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	牙根, 牙肉
	Sabah (Longchuan)	牙框肉
	Senai (Huiyang)	牙倉肉
	Singkawang	牙倉肉
Huizhou	Jixi	牙叉肉
Jin	Taiyuan	牙床子
	Xinzhou	牙花子, 牙床
Northern Min	Jian'ou	牙槽, 牙齦
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	齒座, 牙座, 牙齦
	Fuzhou (Changle)	牙齦
	Fuqing	齒座
	Yongtai	牙齦
	Gutian	喙齒齦
	Fu'an	齒座
	Ningde	喙齒齦
	Shouning	喙齒齦
	Zhouning	喙齒齦
	Fuding	牙齒齦
Southern Min	Xiamen	齒仁, 齒岸
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	齒岸
	Zhangzhou	齒仁, 齒岸
	Taipei	齒岸
	Kaohsiung	牙槽
	Yilan	牙槽, 齒岸
	Changhua (Lukang)	齒岸
	Taichung	齒岸
	Taichung (Wuqi)	齒岸
	Tainan	齒岸
	Taitung	齒岸
	Hsinchu	齒岸
	Penghu (Magong)	齒岸
	Shantou	齒齦
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	齒齦
	Haikou	齒牙齦
Puxian Min	Putian	齒囤
	Xianyou	齒囤
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	牙床, 牙肉
Wu	Shanghai	牙床, 牙床骨, 牙肉
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牙齦
	Suzhou	牙肉
	Danyang	牙連肉
	Hangzhou	牙床肉兒
	Ningbo	牙肉
	Wenzhou	牙床肉
	Jinhua	牙床肉
Xiang	Changsha	牙齦子
	Loudi	牙群肉
	Quanzhou	牙床

Compounds

• 牙齦／牙龈 (yáyín)
• 齒齦／齿龈 (chǐyín)
• 齦溝／龈沟
• 齦炎／龈炎 (yínyán)
• 齦齶／龈腭

 

Etymology 2

trad.		齦
simp.		龈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kěn (ken³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): han² / hang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kěn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻên³
    • Yale: kěn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keen
    • Palladius: кэнь (kɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: han² / hang²
    • Yale: hán / háng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: han² / hang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hen² / heng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐn³⁵/, /hɐŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khonX

Rime
Character	齦
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	康很切
Baxter	khonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰənX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰənX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰənX/
Li Rong	/kʰənX/
Wang Li	/kʰənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	han2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齦
Reading #	2/3
No.	3928
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	墾
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːnʔ/

Definitions

齦

1. (literary) Alternative form of 啃 (“to gnaw; to nibble”)

Etymology 3

trad.		齦
simp.		龈
alternative forms		㸧

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiǎn (qian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien³
    • Yale: chyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kheanX

Rime
Character	齦
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	起限切
Baxter	kheanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚænX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨnX/
Li Rong	/kʰɛnX/
Wang Li	/kʰænX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰănX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrɯːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齦
Reading #	1/3
No.	3913
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齦
Old Chinese	/*kʰrɯːnʔ/
Notes	齧

Definitions

齦

1. ^‡ sound of teeth

References

• “齦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	𮯅
Kyūjitai	齦

Kanji

齦

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𮯅)

1. gum (flesh around teeth)

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: ぎん (gin)
• Kun: はぐき (haguki, 齦)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
齦
はぐき Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 齦 – see the following entry.

【歯茎はぐき】 [noun] (anatomy) gingiva; gums (flesh round the teeth) Alternative spelling 歯グキ

(This term, 齦, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

齦 (eumhun 잇몸 은 (inmom eun))

1. hanja form^? of 은 (“gum”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

齦 (eumhun 물 간 (mul gan))

1. hanja form^? of 간 (“to bite”)