語

See also: 语

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

語 (radical 149 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 0166₁, composition ⿰訁吾)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1163, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3974, character 9
Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese[edit]

trad.		語
simp.		语

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 語
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas): semantic 言 + phonetic 吾 ‎(OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː)

As the original form of 語 (吾) was borrowed for other meanings, a new character was created to represent the original meaning of 吾. This new character was created by combining the original character with the semantic element 言.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngî
Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̄
Min Nan (POJ): gú / gír / gí
Wu (Wiktionary): nyy (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
  - Wade-Giles: yü³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
  - IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̄
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋy³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gír
  - Tâi-lô: gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
  - Tâi-lô: gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gú
  - Tâi-lô: gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gu⁵³/
  - Note: mainstream Taiwanese: gí/gú - vernacular; gú - literary.
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyy (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ȵy²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
No.	13159
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions[edit]

語

to speak; to say
(of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
speech; language
(linguistics) language
expression; words
saying; proverb; set phrase
movement or signal which transmits information
chirping; tweet

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Min Nan (POJ): gū / gīr / gī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Wade-Giles: yü⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
  - IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
  - Tâi-lô: gū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
  - Tâi-lô: gīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^H/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	牛倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋas/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English	tell
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
No.	13165
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	御
Old Chinese	/*ŋas/

Definitions[edit]

語

^† to tell; to inform

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 語

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ご (go)
Kan’on: ぎょ (gyo)
Kun: かたる (語る, kataru), かたり (語り, katari), かたらう (語らう, katarau), かたらい (語らい, katarai)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds starting with 語

語句 (ごく, goku): words, phrases
語気 (ごき, goki): tone (of voice or wording), manner (of speaking)
語尾 (ごび, gobi): the inflected ending of a word
語尾変化 (ごびへんか, gobi henka): the inflection of words
語形 (ごけい, gokei): a word form, an inflectional form
語呂 / 語路 (ごろ, goro): the ring or sound of a word or phrase; euphony
語法 (ごほう, gohō): diction, grammar, syntax
語学 (ごがく, gogaku): linguistics
語学者 (ごがくしゃ, gogakusha): a linguist
語根 (ごこん, gokon): the stem or root of a word
語格 (ごかく, gokaku): grammar
語脈 (ごみゃく, gomyaku): the interrelationship of words
語原 / 語源 (ごげん, gogen): a word's derivation or etymology
語源学 (ごげんがく, gogengaku): the study of etymology
語族 (ごぞく, gozoku): a language family

語釈 (ごしゃく, goshaku): an explanation or explication of a word, term, phrase, or clause
語数 (ごすう, gosū): the number of words
語群 (ごぐん, gogun): a language group
語彙 (ごい, goi): vocabulary
語義 (ごぎ, gogi): the meaning of a word
語意 (ごい, goi): the meaning of a word
語勢 (ごせい, gosei): stress, tone, or emphasis; a manner of speaking
語感 (ごかん, gokan): a sense of language; the nuance of a word
語幹 (ごかん, gokan): the stem or root of a word
語調 (ごちょう, gochō): tone of voice, accent
語弊 (ごへい, gohei): a misleading expression; a misunderstanding
語頭 (ごとう, gotō): the head or beginning of a word
語類 (ごるい, gorui): part of speech
語順 (ごじゅん, gojun): word order
語録 (ごろく, goroku): a collection of sayings; analects

Compounds containing 語

アルファベットの語 (アルファベットのご, arufabetto no go): alphabetic word
新語 (しんご, shingo): a new word
難語 (なんご, nango): a difficult word
口語 (こうご, kōgo): colloquial speech, a conversational style
一語 (いちご, ichigo): one word
一語一語 (いちごいちご, ichigoichigo): verbatim, word for word
単語 (たんご, tango): word, term
自立語 (じりつご, jiritsugo): (grammar) an independent word
付属語 (ふぞくご, fuzokugo): (grammar) a dependent word

活用語 (かつようご, katsuyōgo): an inflectional word: a word that inflects
無活用語 (むかつようご, mukatsuyōgo): a non-inflectional or non-inflecting word
共通語 (きょうつうご, kyōtsūgo): a common language; a lingua franca
外国語 (がいこくご, gaikokugo): foreign language
外来語 (がいらいご, gairaigo): a borrowed term: a word originally from another language
日本語 (にほんご, nihongo): Japanese (language)
物語 (ものがたり, monogatari): tale, story, legend
母語 (ぼご, bogo): mother tongue; native language

Suffix[edit]

語 ‎(hiragana ご, romaji -go)

language of, -ese, -ish

日 (に)本 (ほん)語 (ご)‎ ― Nihongo ― Japanese

英 (えい)語 (ご)‎ ― Eigo ― English

スペイン語 (ご)‎ ― Supeingo ― Spanish

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

語 • ‎(eo) (hangeul 어, McCune-Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)

language of, -ese, -ish

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

語 (ngữ, ngứ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

語

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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