語

語	U+8A9E, 語 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A9E

See also: 语

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

語 (radical 149 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 0166₁, composition ⿰言吾)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1163, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3974, character 9
Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese[edit]

trad.		語
simp.		语

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 語
Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
吾	ŋraː, ŋaː
衙	ŋraː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯	*ŋaː
浯	*ŋaː
珸	*ŋaː
郚	*ŋaː
齬	ŋaː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃	*ŋaː
娪	*ŋaː
梧	*ŋaː
峿	*ŋaː
五	*ŋaːʔ
伍	*ŋaːʔ
寤	*ŋaːs
啎	*ŋaːs
晤	*ŋaːs
悟	*ŋaːs
逜	*ŋaːs
窹	*ŋaːs
捂	*ŋaːs
鋙	ŋa, ŋaʔ
語	ŋaʔ, ŋas
圄	*ŋaʔ
敔	*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas): semantic 言 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngî
Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̄
Min Nan (POJ): gú / gír / gí
Wu (Wiktionary): nyy (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
  - Wade-Giles: yü³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
  - IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̄
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋy³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gú
  - Tâi-lô: gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gír
  - Tâi-lô: gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /gɯ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
  - Tâi-lô: gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gi⁴¹/

Note:

mainstream Taiwanese:
- gí/gú - vernacular;
- gú - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyy (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲy²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
No.	13159
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions[edit]

語

to speak; to say
(of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
speech; language
(linguistics) spoken language (contrary to written language 文)
expression; words
saying; proverb; set phrase
movement or signal which transmits information
chirping; tweet

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 語

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Min Nan (POJ): gū / gīr / gī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Wade-Giles: yü⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
  - IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
  - Tâi-lô: gū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
  - Tâi-lô: gīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi²²/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^H/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	牛倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋas/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English	tell
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
No.	13165
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	御
Old Chinese	/*ŋas/

Definitions[edit]

語

^† to tell; to inform

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ご (go, Jōyō)
Kan’on: ぎょ (gyo)
Kun: かたらい (katarai, 語らい); かたらう (katarau, 語らう, Jōyō); かたり (katari, 語り); かたる (kataru, 語る, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds starting with 語

語句 (ごく) (goku, “words, phrases”)
語気 (ごき) (goki, “tone (of voice or wording), manner (of speaking)”)
語尾 (ごび) (gobi, “the inflected ending of a word”)
語尾変化 (ごびへんか) (gobi henka, “the inflection of words”)
語形 (ごけい) (gokei, “a word form, an inflectional form”)
語呂 (ごろ) (goro) / 語路 (ごろ) (goro, “the ring or sound of a word or phrase; euphony”)
語法 (ごほう) (gohō, “diction, grammar, syntax”)
語学 (ごがく) (gogaku, “linguistics”)
語学者 (ごがくしゃ) (gogakusha, “a linguist”)
語根 (ごこん) (gokon, “the stem or root of a word”)
語格 (ごかく) (gokaku, “grammar”)
語脈 (ごみゃく) (gomyaku, “the interrelationship of words”)
語原 (ごげん) (gogen) / 語源 (ごげん) (gogen, “a word's derivation or etymology”)
語源学 (ごげんがく) (gogengaku, “the study of etymology”)
語族 (ごぞく) (gozoku, “a language family”)

語釈 (ごしゃく) (goshaku, “an explanation or explication of a word, term, phrase, or clause”)
語数 (ごすう) (gosū, “the number of words”)
語群 (ごぐん) (gogun, “a language group”)
語彙 (ごい) (goi, “vocabulary”)
語義 (ごぎ) (gogi, “the meaning of a word”)
語意 (ごい) (goi, “the meaning of a word”)
語勢 (ごせい) (gosei, “stress, tone, or emphasis; a manner of speaking”)
語感 (ごかん) (gokan, “a sense of language; the nuance of a word”)
語幹 (ごかん) (gokan, “the stem or root of a word”)
語調 (ごちょう) (gochō, “tone of voice, accent”)
語弊 (ごへい) (gohei, “a misleading expression; a misunderstanding”)
語頭 (ごとう) (gotō, “the head or beginning of a word”)
語類 (ごるい) (gorui, “part of speech”)
語順 (ごじゅん) (gojun, “word order”)
語録 (ごろく) (goroku, “a collection of sayings; analects”)

Compounds containing 語

アルファベットの語 (ご) (arufabetto no go, “alphabetic word”)
鞄語 (かばんご) (kabango, “(linguistics) portmanteau word”)
新語 (しんご) (shingo, “a new word”)
難語 (なんご) (nango, “a difficult word”)
口語 (こうご) (kōgo, “colloquial speech, a conversational style”)
一語 (いちご) (ichigo, “one word”)
一語一語 (いちごいちご) (ichigoichigo, “verbatim, word for word”)
単語 (たんご) (tango, “word, term”)
珍語 (ちんご) (chingo, “rare word, unusual word”)
自立語 (じりつご) (jiritsugo, “(grammar) an independent word”)
付属語 (ふぞくご) (fuzokugo, “(grammar) a dependent word”)

活用語 (かつようご) (katsuyōgo, “an inflectional word: a word that inflects”)
無活用語 (むかつようご) (mukatsuyōgo, “a non-inflectional or non-inflecting word”)
共通語 (きょうつうご) (kyōtsūgo, “a common language; a lingua franca”)
外国語 (がいこくご) (gaikokugo, “foreign language”)
外来語 (がいらいご) (gairaigo, “a borrowed term: a word originally from another language”)
日本語 (にほんご) (Nihongo, “Japanese (language)”)
物語 (ものがたり) (monogatari, “tale, story, legend”)
母語 (ぼご) (bogo, “mother tongue; native language”)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

語

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
語
ご Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology[edit]

Middle Chinese 語

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ご [góꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɡo̞]

Noun[edit]

語 (hiragana ご, rōmaji go)

word
term

Synonyms[edit]

(word): 言葉 (ことば) (kotoba)
(term): 単語 (たんご) (tango)

Suffix[edit]

語 (hiragana ご, rōmaji -go)

language of, -ese, -ish

日 (に)本 (ほん)語 (ご) ― Nihongo ― Japanese

英 (えい)語 (ご) ― Eigo ― English

スペイン語 (ご) ― Supeingo ― Spanish

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

語 • (eo) (hangeul 어, McCune-Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)

language of, -ese, -ish

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

語 (ngữ, ngứ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

[1]

[2]

語

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Suffix[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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