語

語	U+8A9E, 語 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A9E

See also: 语

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

語 (radical 149 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 0166₁, composition ⿰言吾)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1163, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3974, character 9
Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese[edit]

trad.		語
simp.		语

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 語
Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
吾	ŋraː, ŋaː
衙	ŋraː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯	*ŋaː
浯	*ŋaː
珸	*ŋaː
郚	*ŋaː
齬	ŋaː, ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃	*ŋaː
娪	*ŋaː
梧	*ŋaː
峿	*ŋaː
五	*ŋaːʔ
伍	*ŋaːʔ
寤	*ŋaːs
啎	*ŋaːs
晤	*ŋaːs
悟	*ŋaːs
逜	*ŋaːs
窹	*ŋaːs
捂	*ŋaːs
鋙	ŋa, ŋaʔ
語	ŋaʔ, ŋas
圄	*ŋaʔ
敔	*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas): semantic 言 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngî
Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̄
Min Nan (POJ): gú / gír / gí
Wu (Wiktionary): nyy (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
  - Wade-Giles: yü³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
  - IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁵
  - Yale: yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi¹
  - IPA: /ɲi²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̄
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋy³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gú
  - Tâi-lô: gú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gír
  - Tâi-lô: gír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /gɯ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
  - Tâi-lô: gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gi⁴¹/

Note:

mainstream Taiwanese:
- gí/gú - vernacular;
- gú - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyy (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲy²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	1/2
No.	13159
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions[edit]

語

to speak; to say
(of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
speech; language
(linguistics) spoken language (contrary to written language 文)
expression; words
saying; proverb; set phrase
movement or signal which transmits information
chirping; tweet

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 語

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Min Nan (POJ): gū / gīr / gī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Wade-Giles: yü⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
  - IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
  - Tâi-lô: gū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
  - Tâi-lô: gīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gi²²/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨʌ^H/▼

Rime
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	牛倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋas/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English	tell
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	語
Reading #	2/2
No.	13165
Phonetic component	五
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	御
Old Chinese	/*ŋas/

Definitions[edit]

語

^† to tell; to inform

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ご (go, Jōyō)
Kan’on: ぎょ (gyo)
Kun: かたらい (katarai, 語らい); かたらう (katarau, 語らう, Jōyō); かたり (katari, 語り); かたる (kataru, 語る, Jōyō)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds starting with 語

語 (ご)句 (く) (goku, “words, phrases”)
語 (ご)気 (き) (goki, “tone (of voice or wording), manner (of speaking)”)
語 (ご)尾 (び) (gobi, “the inflected ending of a word”)
語 (ご)尾 (び)変 (へん)化 (か) (gobi henka, “the inflection of words”)
語 (ご)形 (けい) (gokei, “a word form, an inflectional form”)
語 (ご)呂 (ろ) (goro) / 語 (ご)路 (ろ) (goro, “the ring or sound of a word or phrase; euphony”)
語 (ご)法 (ほう) (gohō, “diction, grammar, syntax”)
語学 (ごがく) (gogaku, “linguistics”)
語学者 (ごがくしゃ) (gogakusha, “a linguist”)
語 (ご)根 (こん) (gokon, “the stem or root of a word”)
語格 (ごかく) (gokaku, “grammar”)
語脈 (ごみゃく) (gomyaku, “the interrelationship of words”)
語 (ご)原 (げん) (gogen) / 語 (ご)源 (げん) (gogen, “a word's derivation or etymology”)
語源学 (ごげんがく) (gogengaku, “the study of etymology”)
語族 (ごぞく) (gozoku, “a language family”)

語釈 (ごしゃく) (goshaku, “an explanation or explication of a word, term, phrase, or clause”)
語 (ご)数 (すう) (gosū, “the number of words”)
語 (ご)群 (ぐん) (gogun, “a language group”)
語 (ご)彙 (い) (goi, “vocabulary”)
語 (ご)義 (ぎ) (gogi, “the meaning of a word”)
語 (ご)意 (い) (goi, “the meaning of a word”)
語 (ご)勢 (せい) (gosei, “stress, tone, or emphasis; a manner of speaking”)
語 (ご)感 (かん) (gokan, “a sense of language; the nuance of a word”)
語 (ご)幹 (かん) (gokan, “the stem or root of a word”)
語 (ご)調 (ちょう) (gochō, “tone of voice, accent”)
語 (ご)弊 (へい) (gohei, “a misleading expression; a misunderstanding”)
語 (ご)頭 (とう) (gotō, “the head or beginning of a word”)
語類 (ごるい) (gorui, “part of speech”)
語 (ご)順 (じゅん) (gojun, “word order”)
語録 (ごろく) (goroku, “a collection of sayings; analects”)

Compounds containing 語

アルファベットの語 (ご) (arufabetto no go, “alphabetic word”)
鞄語 (かばんご) (kabango, “(linguistics) portmanteau word”)
新 (しん)語 (ご) (shingo, “a new word”)
難 (なん)語 (ご) (nango, “a difficult word”)
口 (こう)語 (ご) (kōgo, “colloquial speech, a conversational style”)
一語 (いちご) (ichigo, “one word”)
一語一語 (いちごいちご) (ichigoichigo, “verbatim, word for word”)
単 (たん)語 (ご) (tango, “word, term”)
珍 (ちん)語 (ご) (chingo, “rare word, unusual word”)
自立語 (じりつご) (jiritsugo, “(grammar) an independent word”)
付属語 (ふぞくご) (fuzokugo, “(grammar) a dependent word”)

活用語 (かつようご) (katsuyōgo, “an inflectional word: a word that inflects”)
無活用語 (むかつようご) (mukatsuyōgo, “a non-inflectional or non-inflecting word”)
共 (きょう)通 (つう)語 (ご) (kyōtsūgo, “a common language; a lingua franca”)
外国語 (がいこくご) (gaikokugo, “foreign language”)
外来語 (がいらいご) (gairaigo, “a borrowed term: a word originally from another language”)
日 (に)本 (ほん)語 (ご) (Nihongo, “Japanese (language)”)
物語 (ものがたり) (monogatari, “tale, story, legend”)
母 (ぼ)語 (ご) (bogo, “mother tongue; native language”)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

語

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
語
ご Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology[edit]

Middle Chinese 語

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ご [góꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɡo̞]

Noun[edit]

語 (hiragana ご, rōmaji go)

word
term

Synonyms[edit]

(word): 言葉 (ことば) (kotoba)
(term): 単 (たん)語 (ご) (tango)

Suffix[edit]

語 (hiragana ご, rōmaji -go)

language of, -ese, -ish

日 (に)本 (ほん)語 (ご) ― Nihongo ― Japanese

英 (えい)語 (ご) ― Eigo ― English

スペイン語 (ご) ― Supeingo ― Spanish

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

語 • (eo) (hangeul 어, McCune-Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)

language of, -ese, -ish

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

語 (ngữ, ngứ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

[1]

[2]

語

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Suffix[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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