part of speech

English

Etymology

From Middle English parte of spech, a calque of Latin pars ōrātiōnis.

Pronunciation

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

part of speech (plural parts of speech)

2. (grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.
   • 1828, Charles Follen, A Practical Grammar of the German Language, Boston, page 9:

     PARTS OF SPEECH. There are ten parts of speech, viz. Article, Substantive or Noun, Adjective, Numeral, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection.

   • 1844, E. A. Andrews, First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, 6th edition, Boston, page 91:

     322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

   • 1933, Leonard Bloomfield, Language, page 269:

     One group of substantives, the gerunds (scolding), belongs to a form-class with infinitives and with other verb-forms, in serving as head for certain types of modifiers, such as a goal (scolding the boys). For this reason a system of parts of speech in a language like English cannot be set up in any fully satisfactory way: our list of parts of speech will depend upon which functions we take to be the most important.

   • 2008 (1894), B. L. Gildersleeve & G. Lodge, Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, third edition, reprint by Dover, p.9:

     The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]

   • 2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 489:

     Following this, coding was added to delineate multiple senses within entries and nested terms within entries; then part of speech labels were added for every sense[.]

Synonyms

• lexical category
• lexical class
• syntactic category
• word class

 

Translations

the function a word or phrase performs

• Albanian: pjesë e ligjëratës f
• Arabic: جُزْء كَلَام m (juzʔ kalām)
• Armenian: խոսքի մաս (hy) (xoskʻi mas)
• Azerbaijani: nitq hissəsi
• Bashkir: һүҙ төркөмө (hüź törkömö)
• Belarusian: часці́на мо́вы f (čascína móvy)
• Bengali: please add this translation if you can
• Bulgarian: част на речта́ f (čast na rečtá)
• Burmese: ဝါစင်္ဂ (my) (wacangga.)
• Carpathian Rusyn: часть ре́чі f (častʹ réči)
• Catalan: categoria lèxica (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 詞類／词类 (ci⁴ leoi⁶), 詞性／词性 (ci⁴ sing³)

  Mandarin: 詞類／词类 (zh) (cílèi), 詞性／词性 (zh) (cíxìng)

• Czech: slovní druh (cs) m
• Danish: ordklasse (da) c
• Dutch: woordsoort (nl) f
• Esperanto: parolparto, vortospeco, vorto-speco, vortspeco
• Estonian: sõnaliik
• Finnish: sanaluokka (fi)
• French: classe lexicale (fr) f, partie du discours (fr) f, classe grammaticale (fr) f
• Georgian: მეტყველების ნაწილი (meṭq̇velebis nac̣ili)
• German: Wortart (de) f, Wortklasse (de) f, rare: Redeteil (de) m, rare: Sprachteil m

  Middle High German: teil der red

• Greek: μέρος του λόγου (el) n (méros tou lógou)

  Ancient: μέρος τοῦ λόγου n (méros toû lógou)

• Hebrew: חלק דיבור / חֵלֶק דִּבּוּר m (khélek dibúr)
• Hindi: शब्द भेद m (śabd bhed)
• Hungarian: szófaj (hu)
• Icelandic: orðflokkur m
• Indonesian: kelas kata (id)
• Irish: roinn chainte

  Old Irish: rann insce f

• Italian: parte del discorso (it) f
• Japanese: 品詞 (ja) (ひんし, hinshi)
• Kapampangan: dake ning pamiyalita
• Kazakh: сөз табы (kk) (söz taby)
• Khmer: ថ្នាក់ពាក្យ (thnak piək)
• Korean: 품사(品詞) (ko) (pumsa)
• Kyrgyz: сөз түркүмү (söz türkümü)
• Lao: ວະຈີວິພາກ (wa chī wi phāk), ໂສດ (sōt)
• Latin: pars ōrātiōnis (la) f
• Latvian: vārdšķira f
• Lithuanian: kalbos dalis (lt) f
• Macedonian: зборовна група f (zborovna grupa)
• Malay: golongan kata (ms)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үгсийн аймаг (mn) (ügsiin ajmag)

  Mongolian: ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ
  ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ (üges-ün ayimag)

• Northern Sami: sátneluohkká
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ordklasse (no) m or f

• Persian: اَداتِ سُخَن (adât-e soxan), نُوعِ کَلَمِه (now'-e kalame), نَقشِ دَستوری (naqš-e dasturi), جُزءِ کَلام (joz'e kalâm)
• Polish: część mowy (pl) f
• Portuguese: classe gramatical (pt) f
• Romanian: parte de vorbire (ro) f
• Russian: часть ре́чи (ru) f (častʹ réči)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: врста речи f, врста ријечи f

  Roman: vrsta reči f, vrsta riječi f

• Slovak: slovný druh m
• Slovene: besedna vrsta f
• Spanish: categoría gramatical (es) f, categoría morfosintáctica f, clase de palabra f, parte de la oración (es) f
• Swedish: ordklass (sv) c
• Tagalog: bahagi ng pananalita, bahagi ng pangungusap
• Tajik: ҳиссаи нутқ (hissa-yi nutq), ҳиссаҳои нутқ (tg) pl (hissaho-yi nutq)
• Tatar: сүз төркеме (tt) (süz törkeme)
• Telugu: భాషాభాగము (bhāṣābhāgamu)
• Thai: วจีวิภาค (wá-jii-wí-pâak)
• Turkish: sözcük türü (tr)
• Ukrainian: части́на мо́ви (uk) f (častýna móvy)
• Uyghur: سۆز تۈركۈمى (söz türkümi)
• Uzbek: soʻz turkumi
• Vietnamese: từ loại (vi) (詞類)
• Welsh: rhan ymadrodd (cy) f, dosbarth geiriol m
• Yakut: саҥа чааһа (saña caaha)
• Yiddish: ווערטערקלאַס m (verterklas)

See also

• (parts of speech) part of speech; adjective, adnoun, adverb, article, conjunction, determiner, interjection, noun, noun adjective, noun substantive, number, numeral, particle, participle, postposition, preposition, pronoun, substantive, verb; action word, connecting word, describing word, description word, name word, naming word ^{(Category: en:Parts of speech)}