知

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
知 U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5
← 矤
[U+77E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矦 →
[U+77E6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

知 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 知
alternative forms 𥎿

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming from knowledgeable people are like arrows being fired.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • di1 - vernacular;
    • zi1 - literary.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chai - colloquial;
    • ti - literary.
    Note:
    • zai1 - colloquial;
    • di1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 知
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
    /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ti⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ti⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ti⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ti³³/
    /t͡sai³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡si²³/
    /tai²³/
    /t͡si³⁵/ 俗
    Rime
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 支 (11)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟移切
    Baxter trje
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈiᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶjɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈiə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶie/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶǐe/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trje ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tre/
    English know

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11495
    Phonetic
    component         		矢
    Rime
    group         		支
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔl'e/
    Notes 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

    Definitions[edit]

    知

    1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
      知人知面不知心  ―  zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn  ―  One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
      我唔知。 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 m4 zi1. [Jyutping]  ―  I don't know.
    2. † to cause to know; to tell; to inform
      通知  ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
    3. † to administer; to take charge of
      知縣／知县  ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
      知客  ―  zhīkè  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
    4. † to distinguish
    5. † to appreciate
    6. † to be close friends; close friends
      知己  ―  zhījǐ  ―  close friend
      知友  ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
    7. † to perceive
    8. † to participate in; to have a hand in
    9. (dialectal Hakka, including Changting, Xiaosanjiang, Shicheng) to hear; to listen
    10. † knowledge
      求知  ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
      無知／无知  ―  wúzhī  ―  ignorant
    11. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 知 (MC trje)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 知道 (“to know (something)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 知
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 知道, 知曉
    Mandarin Beijing 知道
    Taiwan 知道
    Harbin 知道
    Yantai (Muping) 知道
    Jinan 知道
    Luoyang 知道
    Wanrong 曉得
    Xi'an 知道
    Ürümqi 知道
    Wuhan 曉得, 找得到
    Huanggang 曉得
    Chengdu 曉得, 知道, 懂了
    Guiyang 曉得
    Guilin 曉得, 曉得信
    Liuzhou 曉得
    Xuzhou 知道
    Yangzhou 曉得
    Nanjing 知道, 曉得
    Hefei 曉得
    Chuzhou 曉得
    Malaysia 知道, 知, 懂 slang
    Singapore 知道, 知, 懂 slang
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 知道
    Cantonese Guangzhou 知, 知道, 曉
    Hong Kong 知, 知道
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 知
    Macau 知
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 知, 曉
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 知道
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 知
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 知
    Foshan 知
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 知
    Foshan (Shunde) 知
    Foshan (Sanshui) 知道
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 知道
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 知
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 知
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 知
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 知
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 知
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 知, 知隨
    Taishan 知隨
    Kaiping (Chikan) 知, 知隨
    Enping (Niujiang) 知
    Dongguan 知, 知道
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 知
    Qingyuan 知
    Fogang 曉得
    Yingde (Hanguang) 知道
    Yangshan 曉, 知, 知得
    Lianshan (Butian) 曉
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 曉知
    Shaoguan 知
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 知道
    Renhua 曉得, 知
    Lechang 知
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 知道
    Sihui 知道, 知
    Guangning 知
    Deqing 知道
    Huaiji 知
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 知
    Yunfu 知道
    Xinxing 知道
    Luoding 知
    Yunan (Pingtai) 知
    Yangjiang 知, 知得
    Xinyi 知
    Lianjiang 知
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 知, 知道
    Singapore (Guangfu) 知, 知道
    Gan Nanchang 曉得
    Pingxiang 曉得
    Hakka Meixian 知, 知得, 曉得
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 知
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 知, 知道
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 知
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 知
    Conghua (Lütian) 知得
    Yudu 曉得
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 知, 知得
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 知, 知得
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 知, 知得
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 知, 知得, 知著
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 知, 知得
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 知
    Senai (Huiyang) 知
    Kuching (Hepo) 知
    Huizhou Jixi 曉得
    Jin Taiyuan 知道, 曉得
    Xinzhou 知道
    Min Bei Jian'ou 得知, 曉得
    Songxi 學得
    Zhenghe 學得
    Jianyang 曉識
    Wuyishan 曉識
    Min Dong Fuzhou 捌, 捌傳, 曉
    Changle 捌
    Lianjiang 捌
    Fuqing 捌
    Pingtan 捌, 會曉
    Yongtai 捌, 曉
    Minqing 捌
    Gutian 捌
    Pingnan 捌傳
    Luoyuan 捌傳
    Fu'an 捌傳
    Ningde 捌傳
    Xiapu 曉得
    Zherong 曉得
    Zhouning 曉得
    Fuding 曉得
    Min Nan Xiamen 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 知
    Quanzhou 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機
    Jinjiang 知影
    Nan'an 知影
    Shishi 知影
    Hui'an 知影
    Anxi 知影
    Yongchun 知影
    Dehua 知影
    Zhangzhou 知, 知影, 知頭
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 知影
    Hua'an 知影
    Nanjing 知影
    Pinghe 知影
    Zhangpu 知影
    Yunxiao 知影
    Zhao'an 知影, 知
    Dongshan 知影
    Taipei 知影
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 知影
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 知影
    New Taipei (Pingxi) 知影
    Kaohsiung 知影
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 知影
    Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 知影
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 知影
    Yilan (Toucheng) 知影
    Kinmen 知, 知影
    Penghu (Magong) 知, 知影
    Penghu (Xiyu) 知, 知影
    Penang (Hokkien) 知, 知影
    Singapore (Hokkien) 知, 知影
    Manila (Hokkien) 知, 知影
    Longyan 知
    Zhangping 知
    Datian 知, 曉
    Chaozhou 知
    Shantou 知
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 知
    Jieyang 知, 知影, 知影跡
    Haifeng 知
    Bangkok (Teochew) 知
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 知
    Singapore (Teochew) 知
    Leizhou 知
    Wenchang 知
    Haikou 知
    Qionghai 知
    Singapore (Hainanese) 知
    Puxian Min Putian 知曉
    Xianyou 知曉
    Min Zhong Yong'an 得知
    Sanyuan 得知
    Shaxian 得知
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 知道
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 曉得
    Wu Shanghai 曉得
    Shanghai (Chongming) 曉得
    Suzhou 曉得
    Wuxi 曉得
    Hangzhou 曉得
    Ningbo 曉得
    Wenzhou 曉得
    Lishui 曉得
    Jinyun 曉得, 得知
    Jinhua 曉得, 曉著
    Xiang Changsha 曉得
    Loudi 曉得
    Shuangfeng 曉得
    Dialectal synonyms of 聽 (“to hear; to listen”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 聞, 聽, 聆
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聽
    Mandarin Beijing 聽
    Taiwan 聽
    Yantai (Muping) 聽
    Jinan 聽
    Luoyang 聽
    Wanrong 聽
    Xi'an 聽
    Wuhan 聽
    Chengdu 聽
    Guilin 聽
    Yangzhou 聽
    Hefei 聽
    Malaysia 聽
    Singapore 聽
    Cantonese Guangzhou 聽
    Hong Kong 聽
    Macau 聽
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 聽
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 聽
    Taishan 聽
    Yangjiang 聽
    Beihai 聽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 聽
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 聽
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 聽
    Danzhou 聽
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 聽
    Singapore (Guangfu) 聽
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 聽
    Móng Cái 聽
    Gan Nanchang 聽
    Lichuan 聽
    Pingxiang 聽
    Hakka Meixian 聽
    Xingning 聽
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 聽
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 聽
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 知
    Changting 知
    Wuping 聽
    Wuping (Pingyu) 聽
    Liancheng 聽
    Ninghua 聽
    Ruijin 聽
    Shicheng 知
    Shangyou (Shexi) 聽
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 聽
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 聽
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 聽
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 聽
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 聽
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 聽
    Kuching (Hepo) 聽
    Huizhou Jixi 聽
    Jin Taiyuan 聽
    Min Bei Jian'ou 聽聆
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 聽聆
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 聽
    Pucheng (Shibei) 聽聆
    Min Dong Fuzhou 聽
    Min Nan Xiamen 聽
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 聽
    Quanzhou 聽
    Zhangzhou 聽
    Zhao'an 聽
    Taipei 聽 GT
    Penang (Hokkien) 聽
    Singapore (Hokkien) 聽
    Manila (Hokkien) 聽
    Chaozhou 聽
    Shantou 聽
    Jieyang 聽
    Singapore (Teochew) 聽
    Pontianak (Teochew) 聽
    Leizhou 聽
    Wenchang 聽
    Haikou 聽
    Qionghai 聽
    Singapore (Hainanese) 聽
    Wu Shanghai 聽
    Shanghai (Chongming) 聽
    Suzhou 聽
    Wuxi 聽
    Danyang 聽
    Wenzhou 聽
    Lishui 聽
    Jinhua 聽
    Xiang Changsha 聽
    Shuangfeng 聽
    Jiangyong 聞
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (知):
    • → Japanese: 知(ち) (chi)
    • → Korean: 지(知) (ji)
    • → Vietnamese: tri (知)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    知

    1. † Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    知

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to know
    2. wisdom

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    知
    ち
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 智 (trjeH, “wisdom”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    知(ち) • (chi) 

    1. wisdom

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    知 (eumhun 알 지 (al ji))

    1. Hanja form? of 지 (“know”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    知: Hán Việt readings: tri, trí
    知: Nôm readings: tri, trơ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=知&oldid=73923449"