知

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知 U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5
← 矤
[U+77E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矦 →
[U+77E6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
知-order.gif

Han character[edit]

知 (radical 111 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 知

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chai - colloquial;
    • ti - literary.
    Note:
    • zai1 - colloquial;
    • di1 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 知
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
    /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ti⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ti⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ti⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ti³³/
    /t͡sai³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡si²³/
    /tai²³/
    /t͡si³⁵/ 俗
    Rime
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 支 (11)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟移切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈiᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶjɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈiə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶie/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶǐe/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zh-
    Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trje ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tre/
    English know

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 知
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11495
    Phonetic
    component         		矢
    Rime
    group         		支
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔl'e/
    Notes 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

    Definitions[edit]

    知

    1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
    2. † to cause to know; to tell; to inform
      通知  ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
    3. † to administer; to take charge of
      • 知縣 / 知县  ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
      • 知客  ―  zhīkè  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
    4. † to distinguish
    5. † to appreciate
    6. † to be close friends; close friends
      知己  ―  zhījǐ  ―  close friend
      • 知友  ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
    7. † to perceive
    8. † to participate in; to have a hand in
    9. † knowledge
      求知  ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
    10. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡆ (j-)

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (知):
    • Japanese: 知 (ち) (chi)
    • Korean: 지 (知, ji)
    • Vietnamese: tri (知)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 知

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    知

    1. † Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 知

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    知

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to know
    2. wisdom

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    知
    ち
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 智 (trjeH, “wisdom”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    知 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

    1. wisdom

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    知 (eumhun 알 지 (al ji))

    1. know

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    知 (tri, trơ)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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