知

知	U+77E5, 知 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

知 (radical 111, 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 8640₀, composition ⿰矢口)

Derived characters[edit]

倁, 𫪦, 𢔊, 𢛍, 𣶱, 𨔓, 椥, 蜘, 踟, 𣔇, 𭹖, 𥏯, 䓡, 痴, 𥯌, 𢜔, 智, 㲛, 聟, 䝷, 䣽, 鼅

Descendants[edit]

ち (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 824, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		知

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
彘	*l'eds
璏	l'eds, ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙	l̥ʰiːs, ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知	*ʔl'e
蜘	*te
智	*ʔl'es
鼅	*te
潪	teɡs, deɡ
踟	*de
雉	*l'iʔ
矢	*hliʔ
痴	*l̥ʰɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhī (zhi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓ

(Chengdu, SP): zi¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic): җы (žɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): zi¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ei¹, zi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tî

(Meixian, Guangdong): di¹ / zi¹
Jin (Wiktionary): zi¹
Min Bei (KCR): dí
Min Dong (BUC): dĭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chai / ti

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ / di¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): zhr¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: җы (žɨ, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ei¹, zi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ei³³/, /t͡si³³/

Note:

ei1 - colloquial;
zi1 - literary.

Gan

(Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zi¹
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁴²/

Hakka

(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tî
- Hakka Romanization System: di´
- Hagfa Pinyim: di¹
- Sinological IPA: /ti²⁴/
(Meixian)
- Guangdong: di¹ / zi¹
- Sinological IPA: /ti⁴⁴/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Note:

di1 - vernacular;
zi1 - literary.

Jin

(Taiyuan)⁺
- Wiktionary: zi¹
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩¹¹/

Min Bei

(Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dí
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁴/

Min Dong

(Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵/

Min Nan

(Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai / ti
- Tâi-lô: tsai / ti
- Phofsit Daibuun: zay, dy
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡saɪ³³/, /ti³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/

Note:

chai - colloquial;
ti - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zai¹ / di¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai / ti
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/, /ti³³/

Note:

zai1 - colloquial;
di1 - literary.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zhr¹
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 知
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sz̩¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
	Suzhou	/zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sz̩³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕi³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sz̩⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ti⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ti²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡si⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡si⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡si⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ti⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ti⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ti⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ti³³/ /t͡sai³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡si²³/ /tai²³/ /t͡si³⁵/ 俗

Middle Chinese: /ʈiᴇ/

Rime
Character	知
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟移切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/
Li Rong	/ȶie/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zh-

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/
English	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知
Reading #	1/1
No.	11495
Phonetic component	矢
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Definitions[edit]

知

to know; to understand; to comprehend
- 「亢」之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪。其唯聖人乎！知進退存亡而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  “亢”之为言也，知进而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知丧。其唯圣人乎！知进退存亡而不失其正者，其唯圣人乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 3^rd – 2^nd millennia BCE
  “kàng” zhī wéi yán yě, zhī jìn ér bù zhī tuì, zhī cún ér bù zhī wáng, zhī dé ér bù zhī sàng. Qí wéi shèngrén hū! Zhī jìntuìcúnwáng ér bù shī qí zhèng zhě, qí wéi shèngrén hū! [Pinyin]
  The force of that phrase - 'exceeding the proper limits' - indicates the knowing to advance but not to retire; to maintain but not to let perish to get but not to lose. He only is the sage who knows to advance and to retire, to maintain and to let perish; and that without ever acting incorrectly. Yes, he only is the sage!
- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
- 知人知面不知心 ― zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn ― One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
- 我唔知。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― Ngo⁵ m⁴ zi¹. [Jyutping] ― I don't know.
^† to cause to know; to tell; to inform
通知 ― tōngzhī ― to inform
^† to administer; to take charge of
- 知縣 / 知县 ― zhīxiàn ― governor of a county
- 知客 ― zhīkè ― receptionist at a ceremony
^† to distinguish
^† to appreciate
^† to be close friends; close friends
知己 ― zhījǐ ― close friend
- 知友 ― zhīyǒu ― close friend
^† to perceive
^† to participate in; to have a hand in
^† knowledge
求知 ― qiúzhī ― to seek knowledge
- 無知 / 无知 ― wúzhī ― ignorant
(～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡆ (j-)

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (知):

→ Japanese: 知(ち) (chi)
→ Korean: 지 (知, ji)
→ Vietnamese: tri (知)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 知

所知 (suǒzhī)
打知名度
掗相知／挜相知
探知 (tànzhī)
提頭知尾／提头知尾
揣知
故知 (gùzhī)
數往知來／数往知来
新知 (xīnzhī)
方知
明知 (míngzhī)
明知就裡／明知就里 (míngzhījiùlǐ)
明知故問／明知故问 (míngzhīgùwèn)
明知故犯 (míngzhīgùfàn)
明知道
易知由單／易知由单
有所不知 (yǒusuǒ bùzhī)
未卜先知 (wèibǔxiānzhī)
未知 (wèizhī)
未知元
未知可否
未知所措
未知數／未知数 (wèizhīshù)
未知萬一／未知万一
格物致知
楮知白
樂天知命／乐天知命 (lètiānzhīmìng)
殊不知 (shūbùzhī)
毫無所知／毫无所知
求知 (qiúzhī)
求知慾／求知欲 (qiúzhīyù)
深知 (shēnzhī)
深知原委
深知灼見／深知灼见
渾然不知／浑然不知
溫故知新／温故知新 (wēngùzhīxīn)
灼見真知／灼见真知
焉知 (yānzhī)
無所不知／无所不知 (wúsuǒbùzhī)
無知／无知 (wúzhī)
熟知 (shúzhī)
獲知／获知
生而知之
畏天知命
略知一二 (lüèzhīyī'èr)
略知皮毛
痛失知音
白首相知
的知
皆知 (jiēzhī)
盡人皆知／尽人皆知 (jìnrénjiēzhī)
目不知書／目不知书
相知 (xiāngzhī)
相知恨晚
真知 (zhēnzhī)
真知灼見／真知灼见 (zhēnzhīzhuójiàn)
眾所周知／众所周知 (zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī)
眾所熟知／众所熟知
睹微知著 (dǔwēizhīzhù)
知不足齋／知不足斋
知了 (zhīliǎo)
知事 (zhīshì)
知事僧
知交 (zhījiāo)
知人 (zhīrén)
知人下士
知人之明 (zhīrénzhīmíng)
知人善任
知人料事
知人論世／知人论世
知今博古
知位 (chai-ūi)
知來藏往／知来藏往
知兵
知制誥／知制诰 (zhī zhìgào)
知友 (zhīyǒu)
知古今兒／知古今儿
知名 (zhīmíng)
知名度 (zhīmíngdù)
知名當世／知名当世
知命 (zhīmìng)
知命之年 (zhīmìng zhī nián)
知命安身
知命樂天／知命乐天
知單／知单
知契
知安忘危
知客
知寺
知局
知己 (zhījǐ)
知己知彼 (zhījǐzhībǐ)
知己話／知己话
知幾其神／知几其神
知底 (zhīdǐ)
知府 (zhīfǔ)
知影 (chai-iáⁿ)
知彼知己 (zhībǐzhījǐ)
知往鑒今／知往鉴今
知微知彰
知德
知心 (zhīxīn)
知心著意
知心話／知心话 (zhīxīnhuà)
知性 (zhīxìng)
知性之旅
知恥／知耻
知恩不報／知恩不报
知恩報恩／知恩报恩
知悉 (zhīxī)
知情 (zhīqíng)
知情底保
知情識趣／知情识趣
知情達理／知情达理
知感不盡／知感不尽
知方
知易行難／知易行难
知時識務／知时识务
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知更鳥／知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo)
知書達禮／知书达礼 (zhī shū dá lǐ)
知會／知会 (zhīhuì)
知本
知機／知机

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tì

(Teochew, Peng'im): di³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi³
  - Yale: ji
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
  - Tâi-lô: tì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³/

Definitions[edit]

知

^† Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).
- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 知

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
Kun: しる (shiru, 知る, Jōyō); しらせる (shiraseru, 知せる)
Nanori: さとる (satoru); とも (tomo); さとし (satoshi); さとり (satori); ちか (chika); ちさき (chisaki); つかさ (tsukasa); ともこ (tomoko)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

英知(えいち) (eichi)
御知(おし)らせ (oshirase)
感知(かんち) (kanchi): perception
機知(きち) (kichi)
知恵(ちえ) (chie)
知性(ちせい) (chisei): the mind
知能(ちのう) (chinō)
知謀(ちぼう) (chibō)
八(や)俣(またの)遠(お)呂(ろ)知(ち) (Yamata-no-Orochi)
無知(むち) (muchi)
理知(りち) (richi)

Kanji in this term
知
ち Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 智 (trje^H, “wisdom”).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ち [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Alternative forms[edit]

智

Noun[edit]

知(ち) • (chi)

wisdom

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

知 (eumhun 알 지 (al ji))

know

Compounds[edit]

知人 (지인, ji-in): acquaintance
知識 (지식, ji-sik) : knowledge

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

知 (tri, trơ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

知

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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