知

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知 U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5
← 矤
[U+77E4]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 矦 →
[U+77E6]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
知-order.gif

Han character[edit]

知 (radical 111 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 知

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • chai - colloquial;
  • ti - literary.
Note:
  • zai1 - colloquial;
  • di1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 知
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ti⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ti⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ti⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ti³³/
/t͡sai³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡si²³/
/tai²³/
/t͡si³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟移切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈiə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ȶie/
Wang
Li		 /ȶǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zh-
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trje ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tre/
English know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
No. 11495
Phonetic
component		 矢
Rime
group		 支
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔl'e/
Notes 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Definitions[edit]

知

  1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
  2. † to cause to know; to tell; to inform
    通知  ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
  3. † to administer; to take charge of
    • 知縣 / 知县  ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
    • 知客  ―  zhīkè  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
  4. † to distinguish
  5. † to appreciate
  6. † to be close friends; close friends
    知己  ―  zhījǐ  ―  close friend
    • 知友  ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
  7. † to perceive
  8. † to participate in; to have a hand in
  9. † knowledge
    求知  ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
  10. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡆ (j-)

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (知):
  • Japanese: 知 (ち) (chi)
  • Korean: 지 (知, ji)
  • Vietnamese: tri (知)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 知

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

知

  1. † Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 知

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

知

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to know
  2. wisdom

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds


Kanji in this term
知
ち
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 智 (trjeH, “wisdom”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

知 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

  1. wisdom

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

知 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune-Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

知 (tri, trơ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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