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知

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
知 U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5
← 矤
[U+77E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矦 →
[U+77E6]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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知 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 知
alternative forms 𥎿
哉 Puxian Min vernacular reading

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Originally the same character as 智, used interchangeably. In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“adult”) + 口 (“mouth”) + 子 (“child”) – to transmit knowledge. In the Warring States period, 大 corrupted into 矢 (OC *hliʔ) and became a sound component. In Western Han script the component 子 started being dropped, arriving at the modern form.

Etymology

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The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 智 (OC *ʔl'es).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • dai1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • di1 - vernacular;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • zai1 - colloquial;
  • di1 - literary.
Note:
  • chai - colloquial;
  • ti - literary.
Note:
  • zai1 - colloquial;
  • di1 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: zai1 / ji1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai³⁵/, /t͡si³⁵/
Note:
  • zai1 - colloquial;
  • ji1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 知
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ti⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ti⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ti³³/
/t͡sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si²³/
/tai²³/
/t͡si³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟移切
Baxter trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ȶie/
Wang
Li 		/ȶǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tre/
English know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 知
Reading # 1/1
No. 11495
Phonetic
component 		矢
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔl'e/
Notes 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Definitions

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知

  1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
    知人知面不知心  ―  zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn  ―  One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
    我唔知。 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 m4 zi1. [Jyutping]  ―  I don't know.
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cause to know; to tell; to inform
    通知  ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
    你去到就話我知啦 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你去到就话我知啦 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 heoi3 dou3 zau6 waa6 ngo5 zi1 laa1 [Jyutping]
    Let me know when you arrive.
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to administer; to take charge of
    知縣／知县  ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
    知客  ―  zhīkè  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to distinguish
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to appreciate
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be close friends; close friends
    知己  ―  zhījǐ  ―  close friend
    知友  ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to perceive
    知驚未？／知惊未？ [Cantonese]  ―  zi1 geng1 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you afraid now? (literally, “Do you feel the fright now?”)
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to participate in; to have a hand in
  9. (Hakka, including Changting, Xiaosanjiang, Shicheng) to hear; to listen
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) knowledge
    求知  ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
    無知／无知  ―  wúzhī  ―  ignorant
  11. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 知 (MC trje)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 知道 (“to know (something)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 知
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 知道, 知曉
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 知道
Taiwan 知道
Harbin 知道
Malaysia 知道, 知, 懂 slang
Singapore 知道, 知, 懂 slang
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 知道
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 知道
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 知道
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 知道
Wanrong 曉得
Xi'an 知道
Xuzhou 知道
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 知道
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 曉得, 知道, 懂了
Wuhan 曉得, 找得到
Guiyang 曉得
Guilin 曉得, 曉得信
Liuzhou 曉得
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 知道, 曉得
Yangzhou 曉得
Hefei 曉得
Chuzhou 曉得
Huanggang 曉得
Cantonese Guangzhou 知, 知道, 曉
Hong Kong 知, 知道
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 知
Macau 知
Guangzhou (Panyu) 知, 曉
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 知道
Guangzhou (Conghua) 知
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 知
Foshan 知
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 知
Foshan (Shunde) 知
Foshan (Sanshui) 知道
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 知道
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 知
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 知
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 知
Zhuhai (Doumen) 知
Jiangmen (Baisha) 知
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 知, 知隨
Taishan 知隨
Kaiping (Chikan) 知, 知隨
Enping (Niujiang) 知
Dongguan 知, 知道
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 知
Qingyuan 知
Fogang 曉得
Yingde (Hanguang) 知道
Yangshan 曉, 知, 知得
Lianshan (Butian) 曉
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 曉知
Shaoguan 知
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 知道
Renhua 曉得, 知
Lechang 知
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 知道
Sihui 知道, 知
Guangning 知
Deqing 知道
Huaiji 知
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 知
Yunfu 知道
Xinxing 知道
Luoding 知
Yunan (Pingtai) 知
Yangjiang 知, 知得
Xinyi 知
Lianjiang 知
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 知, 知道
Singapore (Guangfu) 知, 知道
Gan Nanchang 曉得
Pingxiang 曉得
Hakka Meixian 知, 知得, 曉得
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 知
Dongguan (Qingxi) 知, 知道
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 知
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 知
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 知得
Yudu 曉得
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 知, 知得
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 知, 知得
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 知, 知得
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 知, 知得, 知著
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 知, 知得
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 知
Senai (Huiyang) 知
Kuching (Hepo) 知
Huizhou Jixi 曉得
Jin Taiyuan 知道, 曉得
Xinzhou 知道
Northern Min Jian'ou 得知, 曉得
Songxi 學得
Zhenghe 學得
Jianyang 曉識
Wuyishan 曉識
Eastern Min Fuzhou 捌, 捌傳, 曉
Fuzhou (Changle) 捌
Lianjiang 捌
Fuqing 捌
Pingtan 捌, 會曉
Yongtai 捌, 曉
Minqing 捌
Gutian 捌
Pingnan 捌傳
Luoyuan 捌傳
Fu'an 捌傳
Ningde 捌傳
Xiapu 曉得
Zherong 曉得
Zhouning 曉得
Fuding 曉得
Southern Min Xiamen 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機
Xiamen (Tong'an) 知
Quanzhou 知, 知影, 知頭, 知機
Jinjiang 知影
Nan'an 知影
Shishi 知影
Hui'an 知影
Anxi 知影
Yongchun 知影
Dehua 知影
Zhangzhou 知, 知影, 知頭
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 知影
Hua'an 知影
Nanjing 知影
Pinghe 知影
Zhangpu 知影
Yunxiao 知影
Zhao'an 知影, 知
Dongshan 知影
Taipei 知影
New Taipei (Tamsui) 知影
New Taipei (Sanxia) 知影
New Taipei (Pingxi) 知影
Kaohsiung 知影
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 知影
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 知影
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 知影
Yilan (Toucheng) 知影
Kinmen 知, 知影
Penghu (Magong) 知, 知影
Penghu (Xiyu) 知, 知影
Penang (Hokkien) 知, 知影
Singapore (Hokkien) 知, 知影
Manila (Hokkien) 知, 知影
Longyan 知
Zhangping 知
Datian 知, 曉
Chaozhou 知
Shantou 知
Shantou (Chaoyang) 知
Jieyang 知, 知影, 知影跡
Haifeng 知
Bangkok (Teochew) 知
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 知
Singapore (Teochew) 知
Leizhou 知
Wenchang 知
Haikou 知
Qionghai 知
Singapore (Hainanese) 知
Puxian Min Putian 知曉
Xianyou 知曉
Central Min Yong'an 得知
Sanming (Sanyuan) 得知
Sanming (Shaxian) 得知
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 知道
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 曉得
Wu Shanghai 曉得
Shanghai (Chongming) 曉得
Suzhou 曉得
Wuxi 曉得
Hangzhou 曉得
Ningbo 曉得
Wenzhou 曉得
Lishui 曉得
Jinyun 曉得, 得知
Jinhua 曉得, 曉著
Xiang Changsha 曉得
Loudi 曉得
Shuangfeng 曉得
Dialectal synonyms of 聽 (“to hear; to listen”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 聞, 聽, 聆
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聽
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 聽
Taiwan 聽
Malaysia 聽
Singapore 聽
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 聽
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 聽
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 聽
Wanrong 聽
Xi'an 聽
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 聽
Wuhan 聽
Guilin 聽
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 聽
Hefei 聽
Cantonese Guangzhou 聽
Hong Kong 聽
Macau 聽
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 聽
Zhuhai (Doumen) 聽
Taishan 聽
Yangjiang 聽
Beihai 聽
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 聽
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 聽
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 聽
Danzhou 聽
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 聽
Singapore (Guangfu) 聽
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 聽
Móng Cái 聽
Gan Nanchang 聽
Lichuan 聽
Pingxiang 聽
Hakka Meixian 聽
Xingning 聽
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 聽
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 聽
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 知
Changting 知
Wuping 聽
Wuping (Pingyu) 聽
Liancheng 聽
Ninghua 聽
Ruijin 聽
Shicheng 知
Shangyou (Shexi) 聽
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 聽
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 聽
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 聽
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 聽
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 聽
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 聽
Kuching (Hepo) 聽
Huizhou Jixi 聽
Jin Taiyuan 聽
Northern Min Jian'ou 聽聆
Jian'ou (Dikou) 聽聆
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 聽
Pucheng (Shibei) 聽聆
Eastern Min Fuzhou 聽
Southern Min Xiamen 聽
Xiamen (Tong'an) 聽
Quanzhou 聽
Zhangzhou 聽
Zhao'an 聽
Taipei 聽 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 聽
Singapore (Hokkien) 聽
Manila (Hokkien) 聽
Chaozhou 聽
Shantou 聽
Jieyang 聽
Singapore (Teochew) 聽
Pontianak (Teochew) 聽
Leizhou 聽
Wenchang 聽
Haikou 聽
Qionghai 聽
Singapore (Hainanese) 聽
Puxian Min Putian 聽
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 聽
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 聽
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 聽
Xianyou 聽
Xianyou (Fengting) 聽
Xianyou (Youyang) 聽
Wu Shanghai 聽
Shanghai (Chongming) 聽
Suzhou 聽
Wuxi 聽
Danyang 聽
Wenzhou 聽
Lishui 聽
Jinhua 聽
Xiang Changsha 聽
Shuangfeng 聽
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 聞
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (知):
  • → Japanese: 知(ち) (chi)
  • → Korean: 지(知) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: tri (知)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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知

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Alternative forms

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Kanji

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知

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to know
  2. wisdom

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
知
ち
Grade: 2
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
智

From Middle Chinese 智 (MC trjeH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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知(ち) • (chi) 

  1. wisdom

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

知 (eumhun 알 지 (al ji))

  1. hanja form? of 지 (“know”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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知: Hán Việt readings: tri, trí
知: Nôm readings: tri, trơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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