知
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
知 (radical 111, 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- ち (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 824, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
- Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2581, character 2
- Unihan data for U+77E5
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
知 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 彘 | *l'eds |
| 璏 | *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled |
| 薙 | *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ |
| 知 | *ʔl'e |
| 蜘 | *te |
| 智 | *ʔl'es |
| 鼅 | *te |
| 潪 | *teɡs, *deɡ |
| 踟 | *de |
| 雉 | *l'iʔ |
| 矢 | *hliʔ |
| 痴 | *l̥ʰɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.
Etymology[edit]
The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག (rig, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
知
- to know; to understand; to comprehend
- 「亢」之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪。其唯聖人乎！知進退存亡而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 3rd – 2nd millennia BCE
- “kàng” zhī wéi yán yě, zhī jìn ér bù zhī tuì, zhī cún ér bù zhī wáng, zhī dé ér bù zhī sàng. Qí wéi shèngrén hū! Zhī jìntuìcúnwáng ér bù shī qí zhèng zhě, qí wéi shèngrén hū! [Pinyin]
- The force of that phrase - 'exceeding the proper limits' - indicates the knowing to advance but not to retire; to maintain but not to let perish to get but not to lose. He only is the sage who knows to advance and to retire, to maintain and to let perish; and that without ever acting incorrectly. Yes, he only is the sage!
“亢”之为言也，知进而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知丧。其唯圣人乎！知进退存亡而不失其正者，其唯圣人乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 知人知面不知心 ― zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn ― One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
- † to cause to know; to tell; to inform
- 通知 ― tōngzhī ― to inform
- † to administer; to take charge of
- 知客 ― zhīkè ― receptionist at a ceremony
- † to distinguish
- † to appreciate
- † to be close friends; close friends
- 知己 ― zhījǐ ― close friend
- 知友 ― zhīyǒu ― close friend
- † to perceive
- † to participate in; to have a hand in
- † knowledge
- 求知 ― qiúzhī ― to seek knowledge
- (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡆ (j-)
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 知
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
知
- † Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).
- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 知
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
知
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
- Kun: しる (shiru, 知る, Jōyō); しらせる (shiraseru, 知せる)
- Nanori: とも (tomo)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 知 |
| ち Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 智 (trjeH, “wisdom”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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