知
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
知 (radical 111 矢+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition ⿰矢口)
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 824, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
- Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2581, character 2
- Unihan data for U+77E5
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
知 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'e): phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ, “arrow”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). This may also be an ideogram (指事) – words coming out of people who know are like arrows being fired.
Etymology[edit]
The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (“to know”), Jingpho chye (“to know”), Tibetan རིག་པ (rig pa, “to know”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tî
- Min Dong (BUC): dĭ
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Wade-Giles: chih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tî
- Hakka Romanization System: di´
- Hagfa Pinyim: di1
- IPA: /ti²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ
- IPA (key): /ti⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai / ti
- Tâi-lô: tsai / ti
- Phofsit Daibuun: zay, dy
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/, /ti⁴⁴/
- Note: chai - colloquial; ti - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zai1 / di1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai / ti
- IPA (key): /t͡sai³³/, /ti³³/
- Note: zai1 - colloquial; di1 - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 知 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃz̩²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sz̩¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sz̩³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sz̩³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕi³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sz̩⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ti⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /ti²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡si⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡si⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡si⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ti⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ti⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ti⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ti³³/ /t͡sai³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /t͡si²³/ /tai²³/ /t͡si³⁵/ 俗 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟移切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʈiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȶjɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈiə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȶie/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȶǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȶie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zh- |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ trje › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tre/ |
| English | know |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 知 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11495 |
| Phonetic component |
矢 |
| Rime group |
支 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
|
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔl'e/ |
| Notes | 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲 |
Definitions[edit]
知
- to know; to understand, to comprehend
-
- 「亢」之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪。其唯聖人乎！知進退存亡而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- “亢”之为言也，知进而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知丧。其唯圣人乎！知进退存亡而不失其正者，其唯圣人乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: I Ching, 3rd – 2nd millennia BCE
-
- "kàng" zhī wéi yán yě, zhī jìn ér bù zhī tuì, zhī cún ér bù zhī wáng, zhī dé ér bù zhī sàng. Qí wéi shèngrén hū! Zhī jìntuìcúnwáng ér bù shī qí zhèng zhě, qí wéi shèngrén hū! [Pinyin]
- The force of that phrase - 'exceeding the proper limits' - indicates the knowing to advance but not to retire; to maintain but not to let perish to get but not to lose. He only is the sage who knows to advance and to retire, to maintain and to let perish; and that without ever acting incorrectly. Yes, he only is the sage!
-
- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE
-
- Zǐ yuē: "yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě." [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
- 知人知面不知心 ― zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn ― One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
- 我唔知。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― Ngo5 m4 zi1. [Jyutping] ― I don't know.
-
- † to cause to know; to tell, to inform
- 通知 ― tōngzhī ― to inform
- † to administer; to take charge of
- † to distinguish
- † to appreciate
- † to be close friends; close friends
- 知己 ― zhījǐ ― close friend
- 知友 ― zhīyǒu ― close friend
- † to perceive
- † to participate in; to have a hand in
- † knowledge
- 求知 ― qiúzhī ― to seek knowledge
Descendants[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
- Wade-Giles: chih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zi3
- Yale: ji
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi3
- IPA (key): /t͡siː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: zii
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi4
- IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì
- Tâi-lô: tì
- Phofsit Daibuun: dix
- IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: di3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tì
- IPA (key): /ti²¹³/
- (Hokkien)
Definitions[edit]
知
- † Original form of 智 (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).
-
- 子曰：「由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 子曰：“由！诲女知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE
-
- Zǐ yuē: "Yóu! Huì rǔ zhì zhī hū? Zhī zhī wéi zhī zhī, bù zhī wéi bù zhī, shì zhì yě." [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge."
-
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 知
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
知
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 知 |
| ち Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 智 (trjeH, “wisdom”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
知 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune-Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- Han script characters
- Han characters from which hiragana were derived
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Han ideograms
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Min Dong verbs
- Min Nan verbs
- Wu verbs
- Chinese nouns
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- Hakka nouns
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- Min Nan nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji read as ち
- Japanese terms spelled with 知 read as ち
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 知
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
