trí

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tri"

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʲɾʲiː/

Etymology 1

Irish cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : trí     Ordinal : tríú     Personal : triúr

From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

trí

2. three

Usage notes

• May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggers lenition of nouns in the singular and h-prothesis of nouns in the plural:

• trí chat ― three cats
• trí troithe ― three feet
• trí héin ― three birds

• When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:

• trí chapall bhána ― three white horses
• na trí eaglais mhóra ― the three big churches

But:

• trí capaill bhána ― three white horses
• na trí heaglaisí móra ― the three big churches

• When referring to human beings, the personal form triúr is used.

Alternative forms

• trí- (combining)

Derived terms

• trí déag
• tríú (ordinal)
• triúr (used with personal nouns)

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trē (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).

Preposition

trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)

2. through

Inflection

Inflection of trí

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	tríom	tríomsa
2d person sing.	tríot	tríotsa
3d sing. masc.	tríd	trídsean
3d sing. fem.	tríthi	tríthise
1st person pl.	trínn	trínne
2d person pl.	tríbh	tríbhse
3d person pl.	tríothu	tríothusan

Alternative forms

• tré
• tré- (combining)
• fríd (Ulster)

Derived terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
trí	thrí	dtrí
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “trí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.

Pronunciation

• (Setesdal) IPA^(key): [tʰræɪ̯]

Numeral

trí m (feminine trjå, neuter trjú)

1. (dialectal, Setesdal) three

   ‘Er æ trí gúta, trjå jentu, å trjú bórd.

   There are three lads, three girls, and three tables.

See also

• tri (Nynorsk)

References

• “trí” at Vallemål.no

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• tri

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʲrʲi/, /tʲrʲiː/

Numeral

Old Irish cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : trí     Ordinal : tris     Male personal : tríar

trí (feminine teoir)

1. three

Usage notes

When attributively (before a noun) it is generally written tri and was probably also pronounced short:

tri anman (/tʲrʲi h-/) ― three names

When used substantively it was always written and pronounced long trí:

i n-aeclis no thríi (/tʲrʲiː/) ― in a church or in three

Inflection

Irregular numeral
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tríH	teoir, téoraH	tríL
Vocative
Accusative		téoraH
Genitive	tríN	téoraN	tríN
Dative	trib	téoraib	trib
Notes	Initial mutations of a following noun: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

In archaic texts the form tre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

Derived terms

• tréde (“three things”)
• tretheng (“trio”)
• tree (“third”)
• trían (“third part”)
• tríar (“trio”)
• trícho (“thirty”)

Descendants

• Middle Irish: trí
  • Irish: trí
  • Manx: tree
  • Scottish Gaelic: trì

Etymology 2

Preposition

trí

1. Alternative spelling of tri

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
trí	thrí	trí pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “trí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʈɪj˨˩˦]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʈɪj˦˥]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 智.

Noun

trí

1. wisdom; knowledge; intelligence
2. (figurative) mind

Adjective

trí

1. wise; intelligent; astute

Derived terms

• cơ trí (機智, “quick-witted”)
• đãng trí (盪智, “forgetful”)
• đấu trí (鬥智, “to match wits”)
• giải trí (解智, “to relax”)
• lí trí, lý trí (理智, “rationality”)
• loạn trí (亂智, “deranged”)
• mất trí (𠅒智, “to go crazy; dementia”)
• mưu trí (謀智, “resourcefulness”)
• nhanh trí (𨘱智, “quick-witted”)
• quẫn trí (窘智, “distraught”)
• sở hữu trí tuệ (所有智慧, “of intellectual property”)
• tài trí (才智, “talent and intellect”)
• tâm trí (心智, “mind”)
• thần trí (神智, “mind”)
• tĩnh trí (靜智, “to compose oneself”)
• trí dục (智育, “intellectual education”)
• trí giả (智者, “an intellectual”)
• trí khôn (“intelligence”)
• trí lự (智慮, “contemplation”)
• trí lực (智力, “mindpower”)
• trí não (智腦, “intellect”)
• trí năng (智能, “intelligence”)
• trí nhớ (智𫺈, “memory”)
• trí óc (智𩠭, “brains”)
• trí sĩ (智士, “an intellectual”)
• trí thức (智識, “intelligentsia”)
• trí trá (智詐, “cunning”)
• trí tuệ (智慧, “wisdom”)
• trí tuệ nhân tạo (智慧人造, “artificial intelligence”)
• trí tưởng (智想, “imagination”)
• trí tưởng tượng (智想像, “imagination”)
• trí xảo (智巧, “ingenuity; cunning”)
• yên trí (安智, “to rest assured”)

 

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

Romanization

trí

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 智
2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 置
3. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 致

Derived terms

• an trí (安置, “to lay to rest; banish”)
• bài trí (排置, “to place in order”)
• bố trí (佈置, “to arrange”)
• cảnh trí (景致, “scenery”)
• hưu trí (休致, “to retire”)
• nhất trí (一致, “unanimous”)
• thiết trí (設置, “to set up”)
• trang trí (裝置, “to decorate”)
• trí mạng (致命, “fatal”)
• vị trí (位置, “location”)
• xử trí (處置, “to handle”)

 

Anagrams

• rít