trí

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tri"

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Irish numbers (edit)
30
 ←  2 3 4  → 
    Cardinal: trí
    Ordinal: tríú
    Personal: triúr

From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

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trí

  2. three
Usage notes
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  • May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggers lenition of nouns in the singular and h-prothesis of nouns in the plural:
  • trí chat ― three cats
  • trí troithe ― three feet
  • trí héin ― three birds
  • When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:
  • trí chapall bhána ― three white horses
  • na trí eaglais mhóra ― the three big churches
But:
  • trí capaill bhána ― three white horses
  • na trí heaglaisí móra ― the three big churches
  • When referring to human beings, the personal form triúr is used.
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trei (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).

Preposition

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trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)

  2. through
Inflection
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Inflection of trí
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. tríom tríomsa
2d person sing. tríot tríotsa
3d sing. masc. tríd trídsean
3d sing. fem. tríthi tríthise
1st person pl. trínn trínne
2d person pl. tríbh tríbhse
3d person pl. tríothu tríothusan
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
trí thrí dtrí
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 86, page 47
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 262, page 93

Further reading

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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trí m (feminine trjå, neuter trjú)

  1. (dialectal, Setesdal) three
    ‘Er æ trí gúta, trjå jentu, å trjú bórd.
    There are three lads, three girls, and three tables.

See also

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References

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Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.[1]

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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Old Irish cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : trí
    Ordinal : tris
    Male personal : tríar

trí (feminine teoir)

  1. three
Usage notes
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When attributively (before a noun) it is generally written tri and was probably also pronounced short:

tri anman (/tʲrʲi h-/) ― three names

When used substantively it was always written and pronounced long trí:

i n-aeclis no thríi (/tʲrʲiː/) ― in a church or in three
Inflection
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Irregular numeral
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tríH teoir, téoraH tríL
Vocative
Accusative téoraH
Genitive tríN téoraN tríN
Dative trib téoraib trib
Notes Initial mutations of a following noun:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

In archaic texts the form tre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Middle Irish: trí

Etymology 2

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Preposition

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trí

  1. Alternative spelling of tri

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
trí thrí trí
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1959–96) “trí”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume T U, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page T-139f.

Further reading

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 智.

Noun

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trí

  1. wisdom; knowledge; intelligence
  2. (figurative) mind

Adjective

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trí

  1. wise; intelligent; astute

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

Romanization

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trí

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 智
  2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 置
  3. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 致
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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