ar

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English *ar, arres pl, from earlier *er.

Noun[edit]

ar (plural ars)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.
    All the ars in the inscription.
Translations[edit]
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr
Derived terms[edit]

Particle[edit]

ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. Obsolete spelling of are
    • 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:
      But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

Anagrams[edit]

Abinomn[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. Pometia pinnata

Albanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).[1][2] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (definite singular ari)[3]

  1. (chemistry) gold
    Synonyms: flori, dukat
    • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari
      Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari. ― The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.
  2. (figuratively) treasure, gem
    Synonym: thesar
  3. golden thread
Derived terms[edit]
Declension[edit]
declension of ar
indefinite forms definite forms
nominative ar ari
accusative ar arin
genitive
(i/e/të/së) 		ari arit
dative ari arit
ablative ari arit

Adjective[edit]

ar m (feminine are)

  1. golden
    Synonyms: artë, flori
    Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar. ― He/she has a golden heart.
  2. (figuratively) precious
    Synonym: çmueshëm
  3. (figuratively) yellow; white, bright
    Synonyms: verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm
  4. (figuratively) blonde, bright, light (hair)
    Synonym: biond

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably via French are (“are”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (indefinite plural arë, definite singular ari, definite plural arët)[4]

  1. are (unit of area; abbrev. a)
    (metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards
    Synonym: a (abbrev.)
Declension[edit]
declension of ar
indefinite forms
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite forms
(trajta të shquara)
singular
(numri njëjës) 		plural
(numri shumës) 		singular
(numri njëjës) 		plural
(numri shumës)
nominative
(emërore) 		ar arë ari arët
accusative
(kallëzore) 		ar arë arin arët
genitive
(gjinore)
(i/e/të/së) 		ari arëve arit arëvet
dative
(dhanore) 		ari arëve arit arëvet
ablative
(rrjedhore) 		ari arësh arit arëvet

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 7
  2. ^ Topalli, Kolec (2017), “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page 111
  3. ^ [1] m. noun (& adjective) ar (I) "gold / golden" (def. ari) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
  4. ^ [2] m. noun ar (II) "are" (def./sg. ari; indef./pl. arë; def./pl. arët) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Aromanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

Verb[edit]

ar (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

  1. I plough.

Related terms[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic عَار‎ (ʿār).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑr/
  • Audio (Baku)(file)

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar
 arlar
definite accusative arı
 arları
dative ara
 arlara
locative arda
 arlarda
ablative ardan
 arlardan
definite genitive arın
 arların
Possessed forms of ar
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arım arlarım
sənin (“your”) arın arların
onun (“his/her/its”) arı arları
bizim (“our”) arımız arlarımız
sizin (“your”) arınız arlarınız
onların (“their”) arı or arları arları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımı arlarımı
sənin (“your”) arını arlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) arını arlarını
bizim (“our”) arımızı arlarımızı
sizin (“your”) arınızı arlarınızı
onların (“their”) arını or arlarını arlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arıma arlarıma
sənin (“your”) arına arlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) arına arlarına
bizim (“our”) arımıza arlarımıza
sizin (“your”) arınıza arlarınıza
onların (“their”) arına or arlarına arlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımda arlarımda
sənin (“your”) arında arlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) arında arlarında
bizim (“our”) arımızda arlarımızda
sizin (“your”) arınızda arlarınızda
onların (“their”) arında or arlarında arlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımdan arlarımdan
sənin (“your”) arından arlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) arından arlarından
bizim (“our”) arımızdan arlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) arınızdan arlarınızdan
onların (“their”) arından or arlarından arlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) arımın arlarımın
sənin (“your”) arının arlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) arının arlarının
bizim (“our”) arımızın arlarımızın
sizin (“your”) arınızın arlarınızın
onların (“their”) arının or arlarının arlarının

Derived terms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Basque[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar inan or anim

  1. male

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar (animate and inanimate, ending in -r)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ar arra arrak
ergative arrek arrak arrek
dative arri arrari arrei
genitive arren arraren arren
comitative arrekin arrarekin arrekin
causative arrengatik arrarengatik arrengatik
benefactive arrentzat arrarentzat arrentzat
instrumental arrez arraz arrez
inessive anim. arrengan arrarengan arrengan
inanim. arretan arrean arretan
locative anim. — — —
inanim. arretako arreko arretako
allative anim. arrengana arrarengana arrengana
inanim. arretara arrera arretara
terminative anim. arrenganaino arrarenganaino arrenganaino
inanim. arretaraino arreraino arretaraino
directive anim. arrenganantz arrarenganantz arrenganantz
inanim. arretarantz arrerantz arretarantz
destinative anim. arrenganako arrarenganako arrenganako
inanim. arretarako arrerako arretarako
ablative anim. arrengandik arrarengandik arrengandik
inanim. arretatik arretik arretatik
partitive arrik — —
prolative artzat — —

Breton[edit]

Article[edit]

ar

  1. the

See also[edit]

Chuukese[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. third person plural general possessive; their

Related terms[edit]

Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (Luserna) maple, maple tree
Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. (Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).
    Ar khimmet lóofanten.
    He comes running.

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m inan

  1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension[edit]

Declension
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive aru arů
dative aru arům
accusative ar ary
vocative are ary
locative aru arech
instrumental arem ary

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ar" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • ar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ørr.

Noun[edit]

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

  1. scar
  2. (slang) mouth
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar arret ar arrene
genitive ars arrets ars arrenes
Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. imperative of arre

Etymology 2[edit]

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

Noun[edit]

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar aren ar arene
genitive ars arens ars arenes

Further reading[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch arre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch *irri, from Proto-Germanic *irzijaz.

Adjective[edit]

ar (comparative arder, superlative arst)

  1. (archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).

Noun[edit]

ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

  1. (obsolete) sledge
Related terms[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air

Etymology 2[edit]

Unknown

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. (archaic) furthermore, in addition
  2. (archaic) never

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2012.
  • “aar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2012.
  • “aere” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2016.
  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “ar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “ar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Hausa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: ar̃

Pronunciation[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ar̃

  1. damn it

Irish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

  1. ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
  2. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
  3. íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

  1. on
  2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
    Tá áthas orm.
    I am glad.
    (literally, “Joy is on me.”)
    Tá ocras orm.
    I am hungry.
    (literally, “Hunger is on me.”)
    Tá slaghdán orm.
    I have a cold.
    (literally, “A cold is on me.”)
  3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
    ar crith ― trembling
    ar foluain ― hovering
    ar díol ― for sale
  4. upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
    ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
  5. upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
    ar a theacht   or
    arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming
    ar a chríochnú dom   or
    arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
  6. (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
    Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
    We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. orm ormsa
2d person sing. ort ortsa
3d sing. masc. air airsean
3d sing. fem. uirthi uirthise
1st person pl. orainn orainne
2d person pl. oraibh oraibhse
3d person pl. orthu orthusan
Derived terms[edit]

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (ar)

Etymology 2[edit]

an +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Used to form direct and indirect questions
    Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?
    Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
    Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?
    Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
  2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
    Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?
Related terms[edit]
  • an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 3[edit]

a +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause
    an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on
    an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk
    an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in
Related terms[edit]
  • a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Particle[edit]

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
    an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher
    an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
  2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
    an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
  3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
    Would you like a cup of tea?
    Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
    I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.
Related terms[edit]
Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
Present/future
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses is ní an nach
Direct relative clauses nach
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach
Past/conditional
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Present subjunctive
Affirmative Negative
gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
    Compound copular forms
Base word Present/future Past/conditional
má más má ba, má b’v
ó (“since”) ós ó ba, ó b’v
dá dá mba, dá mb’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
ó (“from”) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Pronoun[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. all that, whatever
    Sin ar chonnaic mé ann. ― That’s all that I saw there.
    Ar thuig tú ar canadh? ― Did you understand all that was sung?
    Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as. ― I bought whatever you paid for.
Related terms[edit]
  • a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.

Verb[edit]

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

  1. said, says
    “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
    “Come in,” he said.
    “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
    “I don’t understand,” she says.
    “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
    “Why?” they said.
Related terms[edit]
  • arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 5[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (genitive singular air)

  1. verbal noun of air (“plough”)
  2. (literary, agriculture) tillage
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative ar
Vocative a air
Genitive air
Dative ar

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an t-ar
Genitive an air
Dative leis an ar

don ar

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ar n-ar har t-ar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • "ar" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Kalasha[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. awl

Khasi[edit]

Khasi cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. two

Latgalian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and Lithuanian ar (“whether”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (+ accusative)

  1. with

References[edit]

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Preposition[edit]

ar (with instrumental)

  1. with

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of art
  2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of art
  3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of art
  4. 2nd person singular imperative form of art
  5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of art
  6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of art

Lithuanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-. Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Conjunction[edit]

ar̃

  1. (interrogative) whether, if
    Ar norite valgyti? ― Do you want to eat?
    Nežinau, ar tai tiesa, ar ne. ― I don't know whether that is true or not.
  2. (dialectal) and

Usage notes[edit]

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to use ar to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose: ar̃gi, bè, benè, gál, kažìn, nègi, nejaũ, nejaũgi.

See also[edit]

  • czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

References[edit]

  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, →ISBN, pages 400, 428, 597, 712–713
  • Derksen, Rick (2015), “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

Further reading[edit]

  • “ar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2022
  • “ar”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2022

Middle English[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Middle Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers lenition)

  1. on, upon
  2. over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Inflection[edit]
  • First-person singular: arnaf
  • Second-person singular: arnat
  • Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
  • Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
  • First-person plural: arnam
  • Second-person plural: arnawch
  • Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Welsh: ar

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. he/she who, whoever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
      Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
  2. that which, whatever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
      What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

ar ?

  1. flour
    Synonym: ard
  2. fire
    Synonym: agir
  3. shame, disgrace
    Synonym: 'ar
  4. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
  5. Abbreviation of argon.

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology[edit]

From French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”), either from Proto-Italic *āzeā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eHs- (“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”), or from Proto-Italic *āreā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”).

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “ar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology[edit]

From French are, from Latin area

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. honour, glory, grace
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ.

Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Confer Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵‎ (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. ore, brass, copper
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong-a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār ār
accusative ār ār
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airu, from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. oar
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun[edit]

ār m

  1. messenger, herald
    • 8th-11th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
      Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
      I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
  2. angel
  3. missionary
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āras
accusative ār āras
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).

Preposition[edit]

ar (with accusative or dative)

  1. for, for the sake of, because of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. airium, erum, erumm, erom erumsa
2d person sing. airiut, aurut, erut, ærut, airut erutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative airiu
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative airi
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative airri, airre
1st person pl. airiund, erunn, erund, erond, eronn, airriun, airund
2d person pl. airib airibsi, airiu(i)bsi, eruibsi
3d person pl., dative airib, airaib
3d person pl., accusative air(r)iu, err(i)u, erro, erthu, airthiu, airtho air(r)iusom, err(i)usom

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
  • neuter accusative singular: ara
  • dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
  • accusative plural all genders: arna
  • dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

  • first person singular: armo
  • third person singular and plural: ara

Form combined with the relative particle: ara

Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10c21
      Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.
      It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17b5
      Ammi túailṅge ar mbréthre.
      We are potent in our word.
      (literally, “We are of the ability of our word.”)
Descendants[edit]
  • Irish: ár
  • Scottish Gaelic: ar

Further reading[edit]

Old Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

from Latin re- (“again”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. also
  2. again

Descendants[edit]

  • Portuguese: er

Old Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. year

Declension[edit]

Declension of ār (a-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ār ārit ār ārin
accusative ār ārit ār ārin
dative āri, -e ārinu, -eno ārum, -om ārumin, -omen
genitive ārs ārsins āra āranna

Descendants[edit]

Pnar[edit]

Pnar cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar
    Ordinal : wa ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Khasi ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. (cardinal) two

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from French are.

Noun[edit]

ar m inan (abbreviation a)

  1. (metrology) are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive ara arów
dative arowi arom
accusative ar ary
instrumental arem arami
locative arze arach
vocative arze ary

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

ar f pl

  1. genitive plural of ara

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • IPA(key): (Caipira Brazil) /ˈaɹ/
  • Hyphenation: ar
  • Audio (Brazil - São Paulo)(file)

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air
  2. look, air (aspect)

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.

Verb[edit]

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (he/she) would

Verb[edit]

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (they) would

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of ara

Etymology 3[edit]

From French are.

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ari)

  1. an are (a unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ar arul (niște) ari arii
genitive/dative (unui) ar arului (unor) ari arilor
vocative arule arilor

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    Tha ar nighean ruadh. ― Our daughter is red-haired.
    Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr. ― Our university is new.
See also[edit]
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
Singular Plural
+ C + V + C + V
First person moL m' ar arN
Second person doL d' ur urN
Third person m aL — an, am1) an
Third person f a aH
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar (defective)

  1. think
Usage notes[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ari
genitive ara ara
dative aru arima
accusative ar are
vocative are ari
locative arom arima
instrumental aru arima

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun[edit]

ar c or n

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aren ar aren
Genitive ars arens ars arens
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aret ar aren
Genitive ars arets ars arens
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (dialectal) eagle

References[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish عار‎ (ar), from Arabic عَار‎ (ʿār)

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French are.

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. are (unit of area)

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh ar, from Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers soft mutation)

  1. on
  2. about to (with a verbal noun)
    • King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
      Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
      Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection[edit]

Personal forms
Singular Plural
First person arna i arnon ni
Second person arnat ti arnoch chi
Third person arno fe/fo m
arni hi f 		arnyn nhw

Westrobothnian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ǫrn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (definite singular arʼenn)

  1. Eagle[1], Aquila chrysaetos or Haliaeetus albicilla.[2]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. Contraction of annar.
  2. Alternative spelling of ader

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “AR 2”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 12
  2. ^ Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten Ordbok över Umemålet [Dictionary of the Umeå speech], →ISBN, page 7
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