ar

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar (plural ars)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.
    All the ars in the inscription.

Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ar

  1. (Britain, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Derived terms[edit]

Particle[edit]

ar

  1. (Britain, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. Obsolete spelling of are
    • 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:
      But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

Anagrams[edit]

Abinomn[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. Pometia pinnata

Albanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).[1][2] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (definite singular ari)[3]

  1. (chemistry) gold
    Synonyms: flori, dukat
    • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari
      Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari. ― The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.
  2. (figuratively) treasure, gem
    Synonym: thesar
  3. golden thread

Derived terms[edit]

Declension[edit]

declension of ar
indefinite forms definite forms
nominative ar ari
accusative ar arin
genitive
(i/e/të/së) 		ari arit
dative ari arit
ablative ari arit

Adjective[edit]

ar m (feminine are)

  1. golden
    Synonyms: artë, flori
    Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar. ― He/she has a golden heart.
  2. (figuratively) precious
    Synonym: çmueshëm
  3. (figuratively) yellow; white, bright
    Synonyms: verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm
  4. (figuratively) blonde, bright, light (hair)
    Synonym: biond

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably via French are (“are”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (indefinite plural arë, definite singular ari, definite plural arët)[4]

  1. are (unit of area; abbrev. a)
    (metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards
    Synonym: a (abbrev.)

Declension[edit]

declension of ar
indefinite forms
(trajta të pashquara) 		definite forms
(trajta të shquara)
singular
(numri njëjës) 		plural
(numri shumës) 		singular
(numri njëjës) 		plural
(numri shumës)
nominative
(emërore) 		ar arë ari arët
accusative
(kallëzore) 		ar arë arin arët
genitive
(gjinore)
(i/e/të/së) 		ari arëve arit arëvet
dative
(dhanore) 		ari arëve arit arëvet
ablative
(rrjedhore) 		ari arësh arit arëvet

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir, “ar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, 1998, →ISBN, page 7
  2. ^ Topalli, Kolec, “ar”, in Fjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe, Durrës, Albania: Jozef, 2017, page 111
  3. ^ [1] m. noun (& adjective) ar (I) "gold / golden" (def. ari) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
  4. ^ [2] m. noun ar (II) "are" (def./sg. ari; indef./pl. arë; def./pl. arët) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Aromanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

Verb[edit]

ar (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

  1. I plough.

Related terms[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic عَار‎ (ʿār).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑr/
  • Audio (Baku)
    		(file)

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame

Derived terms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Basque[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar inan or anim

  1. male

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar (animate)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ar ara arak
ergative arek arak arek
dative ari arari arei
genitive aren araren aren
comitative arekin ararekin arekin
causative arengatik ararengatik arengatik
benefactive arentzat ararentzat arentzat
instrumental arez araz arez
inessive arengan ararengan arengan
allative arengana ararengana arengana
terminative arenganaino ararenganaino arenganaino
directive arenganantz ararenganantz arenganantz
destinative arenganako ararenganako arenganako
ablative arengandik ararengandik arengandik
partitive arik
-
-
prolative artzat
-
-

Breton[edit]

Article[edit]

ar

  1. the

See also[edit]

Chuukese[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. third person plural general possessive; their

Related terms[edit]

Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (Luserna) maple, maple tree

Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. (Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).
    Ar khimmet lóofanten.
    He comes running.

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso, Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo, 1974

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m inan

  1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension[edit]

Declension
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive aru arů
dative aru arům
accusative ar ary
vocative are ary
locative aru arech
instrumental arem ary

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ar" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • ar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ørr.

Noun[edit]

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

  1. scar
  2. (slang) mouth
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar arret ar arrene
genitive ars arrets ars arrenes
Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. imperative of arre

Etymology 2[edit]

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

Noun[edit]

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection[edit]
Declension of ar
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ar aren ar arene
genitive ars arens ars arenes

Further reading[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch arre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch *irri, from Proto-Germanic *irzijaz.

Adjective[edit]

ar (comparative arder, superlative arst)

  1. (archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).

Noun[edit]

ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

  1. (obsolete) sledge
Related terms[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air

Etymology 2[edit]

Unknown

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. (archaic) furthermore, in addition
  2. (archaic) never

References[edit]

  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “aar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “aere” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • “ar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “ar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Hausa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: ar̃

Interjection[edit]

ar

  1. damn it

Irish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

  1. ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
  2. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
  3. íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

  1. on
  2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
    Tá áthas orm.
    I am glad.
    (literally, “Joy is on me.”)
    Tá ocras orm.
    I am hungry.
    (literally, “Hunger is on me.”)
    Tá slaghdán orm.
    I have a cold.
    (literally, “A cold is on me.”)
  3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
    ar crith ― trembling
    ar foluain ― hovering
    ar díol ― for sale
  4. upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
    ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
  5. upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
    ar a theacht or
    arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming
    ar a chríochnú dom or
    arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
  6. (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
    Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
    We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. orm ormsa
2d person sing. ort ortsa
3d sing. masc. air airsean
3d sing. fem. uirthi uirthise
1st person pl. orainn orainne
2d person pl. oraibh oraibhse
3d person pl. orthu orthusan
Derived terms[edit]

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (ar)

Etymology 2[edit]

an +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Used to form direct and indirect questions
    Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?
    Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
    Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?
    Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
  2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
    Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?
Related terms[edit]
  • an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 3[edit]

a +‎ -r

Particle[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause
    an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on
    an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk
    an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in
Related terms[edit]
  • a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Particle[edit]

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
    an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher
    an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
  2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
    an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
  3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
    Would you like a cup of tea?
    Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
    I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.
Related terms[edit]
Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
Present/future
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses is ní an nach
Direct relative clauses nach
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach
Past/conditional
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Present subjunctive
Affirmative Negative
gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
    Compound copular forms
Base word Present/future Past/conditional
má más má ba, má b’v
ó (“since”) ós ó ba, ó b’v
dá dá mba, dá mb’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
ó (“from”) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Pronoun[edit]

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. all that, whatever
    Sin ar chonnaic mé ann. ― That’s all that I saw there.
    Ar thuig tú ar canadh? ― Did you understand all that was sung?
    Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as. ― I bought whatever you paid for.
Related terms[edit]
  • a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.

Verb[edit]

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

  1. said, says
    “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
    “Come in,” he said.
    “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
    “I don’t understand,” she says.
    “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
    “Why?” they said.
Related terms[edit]
  • arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 5[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (genitive singular air)

  1. verbal noun of air (“plough”)
  2. (literary, agriculture) tillage
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative ar
Vocative a air
Genitive air
Dative ar

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an t-ar
Genitive an air
Dative leis an ar

don ar

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ar n-ar har t-ar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • "ar" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Kalasha[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

Noun[edit]

ar

  1. awl

Khasi[edit]

Khasi cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. two

Latgalian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and Lithuanian ar (“whether”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (+ accusative)

  1. with

References[edit]

  • Nicole Nau, A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, 2011, →ISBN

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Preposition[edit]

ar (with instrumental)

  1. with

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of art
  2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of art
  3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of art
  4. 2nd person singular imperative form of art
  5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of art
  6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of art

Lithuanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

Conjunction[edit]

ar̃

  1. (interrogative) whether, if
  2. (dialectal) and

See also[edit]

  • czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

References[edit]

  • Derksen, Rick, “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 59

Middle English[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ar

  1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Middle Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers lenition)

  1. on, upon
  2. over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Inflection[edit]
  • First-person singular: arnaf
  • Second-person singular: arnat
  • Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
  • Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
  • First-person plural: arnam
  • Second-person plural: arnawch
  • Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Welsh: ar

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. he/she who, whoever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
      Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
  2. that which, whatever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
      What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

ar ?

  1. flour
    Synonym: ard
  2. fire
    Synonym: agir
  3. shame, disgrace
    Synonym: 'ar
  4. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
  5. Abbreviation of argon.

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology[edit]

From French are, from Latin area

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “ar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology[edit]

From French are, from Latin area

Noun[edit]

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)

  1. an are, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to honour, respect, revere”). Cognate with German Ehre.

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. honour, glory, grace
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiz. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Confer Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵‎ (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. ore, brass, copper
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong-a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār ār
accusative ār ār
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

Noun[edit]

ār f

  1. oar
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āra, āre
accusative āre āra, āre
genitive āre āra
dative āre ārum

Descendants[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun[edit]

ār m

  1. messenger, herald
    • 8th-11th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
      Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
      I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
  2. angel
  3. missionary
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ār āras
accusative ār āras
genitive āres āra
dative āre ārum

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.

Preposition[edit]

ar (with accusative or dative)

  1. for, for the sake of, because of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ar
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. airium, erum, erumm, erom erumsa
2d person sing. airiut, aurut, erut, ærut, airut erutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative airiu
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative airi
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusative airri, airre
1st person pl. airiund, erunn, erund, erond, eronn, airriun, airund
2d person pl. airib airibsi, airiu(i)bsi, eruibsi
3d person pl., dative airib, airaib
3d person pl., accusative air(r)iu, err(i)u, erro, erthu, airthiu, airtho air(r)iusom, err(i)usom

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
  • neuter accusative singular: ara
  • dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
  • accusative plural all genders: arna
  • dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

  • first person singular: armo
  • third person singular and plural: ara

Form combined with the relative particle: ara

Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ar

  1. Alternative spelling of air (“for, since”)

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nes- (“we, us”); compare German unser.

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10c21
      Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.
      It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17b5
      Ammi túailṅge ar mbréthre.
      We are potent in our word.
      (literally, “We are of the ability of our word.”)
Descendants[edit]
  • Irish: ár
  • Scottish Gaelic: ar

Further reading[edit]

Old Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

from Latin re- (“again”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ar

  1. also
  2. again

Descendants[edit]

  • Portuguese: er

Old Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Noun[edit]

ār n

  1. year

Declension[edit]

Declension of ār (a-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ār ārit ār ārin
accusative ār ārit ār ārin
dative āri, -e ārinu, -eno ārum, -om ārumin, -omen
genitive ārs ārsins āra āranna

Descendants[edit]

Pnar[edit]

Pnar cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ar
    Ordinal : wa ar

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Khasi ar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

ar

  1. (cardinal) two

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m inan (abbreviation a)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension[edit]

declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ary
genitive ara arów
dative arowi arom
accusative ar ary
instrumental arem arami
locative arze arach
vocative arze ary

Noun[edit]

ar f pl

  1. genitive plural of ara

Further reading[edit]

  • ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air
  2. look, air (aspect)

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.

Verb[edit]

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (he/she) would

Verb[edit]

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (they) would

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ara
  2. first-person singular present subjunctive of ara

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár

Determiner[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    Tha ar nighean ruadh. ― Our daughter is red-haired.
    Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr. ― Our university is new.
See also[edit]
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
Singular Plural
+ C + V + C + V
First person moL m' ar arN
Second person doL d' ur urN
Third person m aL — an, am1) an
Third person f a aH
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ar (defective)

  1. think
Usage notes[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Noun[edit]

ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ar
singular plural
nominative ar ari
genitive ara ara
dative aru arima
accusative ar are
vocative are ari
locative arom arima
instrumental aru arima

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun[edit]

ar c or n

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aren ar aren
Genitive ars arens ars arens
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aret ar aren
Genitive ars arets ars arens
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun[edit]

ar m

  1. (dialectal) eagle

References[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic عَار‎ (ʿār)

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French are.

Noun[edit]

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. are (unit of area)

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh ar, from Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ar (triggers soft mutation)

  1. on
  2. about to (with a verbal noun)
    • King, Gareth, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, 1993, →ISBN, page 131:
      Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
      Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection[edit]

Personal forms
Singular Plural
First person arna i arnon ni
Second person arnat ti arnoch chi
Third person arno fe/fo m
arni hi f 		arnyn nhw

Westrobothnian[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ǫrn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun[edit]

ar m (definite singular aren)

  1. Eagle[1], Aquila chrysaetos or Haliaeetus albicilla.[2]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

  • IPA(key): [óːɾ], [ɑ́ːɾ] (example of pronunciation)
    Rhymes: -óːr

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yōr- < *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.

Noun[edit]

ar n (genitive ars, definite genitive arsens, definite nominative & accusative are, dative aar, definite dative aren, plural ar)

  1. Year.[3]
  2. (definite genitive) The year’s harvest.[3]
Alternative forms[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
  • (year’s harvest): jaar

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).

Noun[edit]

ar f (definite nominative & accusative ara, definite dative arn, plural aar)

  1. Oar.[3]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Old Norse æðr (1), from Proto-Germanic *ēdrǭ, *ēþrǭ.

Noun[edit]

ar f (definite nominative & accusative ara, definite dative arn, plural aar)

  1. Vein.[3]
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ar

  1. Contraction of annar.
  2. Alternative form of ader

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “AR 2”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 12
  2. ^ Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten Ordbok över Umemålet [Dictionary of the Umeå speech], →ISBN, page 7
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lindgren, J. V., 1940, “år1, *år2, åder”, in Orbok över Burträskmålet, pages 163, 161
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