super

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See also: Super, súper, súpeř, süper, super-, and supèr-

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From super- (prefix), from Middle English super-, from Latin super-, from super (“above”), from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper, from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-), from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over). Cognate to hyper, from Ancient Greek.

Adjective[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. Of excellent quality, superfine.
  2. better than average, better than usual; wonderful.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Adverb[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. (informal) Very; extremely (used like the prefix super-).
    The party was super awesome.
    • 1992 March 14, The Canberra Times, page 9, column 2:
      The job is super interesting for a person who enjoys a hardware environment and communicating with people.
    • 2022 November 18, Ryan Mac; Mike Isaac; Kellen Browning, quoting Elon Musk, “Elon Musk’s Twitter Teeters on the Edge After Another 1,200 Leave”, in The New York Times‎[1], →ISSN:
      “The best people are staying, so I’m not super worried,” he tweeted.

Etymology 2[edit]

Abbreviation by shortening.

Noun[edit]

super (plural supers)

  1. (Australia, New Zealand, informal) Short for superannuation.
    Jane looked forward to collecting a large super payout when she retired.
  2. Short for supercomputer.
    • 1989, Kai Hwang; Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence:
      The performances and cost ranges of three classes of commercial supercomputers are given in Table 2.1. The full-scale supers are the most expensive class, represented by Cray, ETA, and Fujitsu systems, for example.
  3. (comics, slang) Short for superhero.
  4. (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
    • 1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:
      There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.
  5. (informal, US) Short for superintendent, especially, a building's resident manager (sometimes clarified as “building super”).
  6. (neologism) Short for supernaturalist, especially as distinguished from bright.
  7. Short for supernumerary; (theater) specifically, a supernumerary actor.
    • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Affair at the Novelty Theatre‎[2]:
      For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.
    • 1916, Ring W. Lardner, “Three Kings and a Pair”, in The Saturday Evening Post‎[3]:
      The piece was gave by a bunch o’ supers the time I went. I’d like to see it with a real cast. They say it’s a whiz when it’s acted right.
  8. Short for supertanker.
    • 1973, Jeffrey Potter, Disaster by Oil, page 46:
      That is a lot of ship, about the size of big tankers before they grew so rapidly to become supers, mammoths and oilbergs.
  9. Short for supervisor.

Verb[edit]

super (third-person singular simple present supers, present participle supering, simple past and past participle supered)

  1. (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
    • 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
      The question is: when is the best time to super?
  2. (television) Short for superimpose.
    • 1987, Television Quarterly, volume 23-24:
      Even running a supered "Re-enactment" caption for a few seconds is poor policy, he feels […]

Anagrams[edit]

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English super, French super, from Latin super.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (indeclinable)

  1. (informal) super, great
    Synonym: supr
    Můj brácha si koupil super auto, to musíš vidět!
    Ten výlet byl prostě super!

Usage notes[edit]

  • This word is slightly more formal than supr, yet still informal.

See also[edit]

Interjection[edit]

super

  1. (informal) super
    Synonym: supr

Further reading[edit]

  • super in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed via English super from Latin super (“over”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (neuter super or supert, plural super or (unofficial) supre)

  1. (informal) terrific

Adverb[edit]

super

  1. (informal) very

Synonyms[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English super, ultimately from Latin super.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈsy.pər/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: su‧per

Adverb[edit]

super

  1. (informal) very, extremely, super
    De kunststofuitvoering is wel super duur.
    The plastic version is super expensive.

Derived terms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. great, super
    Die nieuwe karts zijn super.
    Those new karts are great.

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of super
uninflected super
inflected super
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial super
indefinite m./f. sing. super
n. sing. super
plural super
definite super
partitive supers

Related terms[edit]

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin super.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

super

  1. above

Antonyms[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Latin super. Doublet of the inherited sur. See also hyper, borrowed from Ancient Greek.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (invariable)

  1. superb, great
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • → Turkish: süper

Adverb[edit]

super

  1. (informal) extremely, very (as an intensifier)
    Il est super beau
    he's very handsome
Synonyms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

super

  1. great, fantastic

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Probably a borrowing from a Germanic language, from *sūpaną (“to sip, sup”). If so then doublet of souper.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

super

  1. (regional) to suck, to sip
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of super (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple super
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple supant
/sy.pɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle supé
/sy.pe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present supe
/syp/ 		supes
/syp/ 		supe
/syp/ 		supons
/sy.pɔ̃/ 		supez
/sy.pe/ 		supent
/syp/
imperfect supais
/sy.pɛ/ 		supais
/sy.pɛ/ 		supait
/sy.pɛ/ 		supions
/sy.pjɔ̃/ 		supiez
/sy.pje/ 		supaient
/sy.pɛ/
past historic2 supai
/sy.pe/ 		supas
/sy.pa/ 		supa
/sy.pa/ 		supâmes
/sy.pam/ 		supâtes
/sy.pat/ 		supèrent
/sy.pɛʁ/
future superai
/sy.pʁe/ 		superas
/sy.pʁa/ 		supera
/sy.pʁa/ 		superons
/sy.pʁɔ̃/ 		superez
/sy.pʁe/ 		superont
/sy.pʁɔ̃/
conditional superais
/sy.pʁɛ/ 		superais
/sy.pʁɛ/ 		superait
/sy.pʁɛ/ 		superions
/sy.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		superiez
/sy.pə.ʁje/ 		superaient
/sy.pʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present supe
/syp/ 		supes
/syp/ 		supe
/syp/ 		supions
/sy.pjɔ̃/ 		supiez
/sy.pje/ 		supent
/syp/
imperfect2 supasse
/sy.pas/ 		supasses
/sy.pas/ 		supât
/sy.pa/ 		supassions
/sy.pa.sjɔ̃/ 		supassiez
/sy.pa.sje/ 		supassent
/sy.pas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — supe
/syp/ 		— supons
/sy.pɔ̃/ 		supez
/sy.pe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin super; modern usage influenced by English super.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (strong nominative masculine singular superer, not comparable)

  1. (colloquial) super, great, awesome
    Synonyms: klasse, spitze

Usage notes[edit]

In the standard language, super is indeclinable; it is only rarely declined in colloquial usage.

Declension[edit]

Positive forms of super (uncomparable)
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist super sie ist super es ist super sie sind super
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative superer supere superes supere
genitive superen superer superen superer
dative superem superer superem superen
accusative superen supere superes supere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der supere die supere das supere die superen
genitive des superen der superen des superen der superen
dative dem superen der superen dem superen den superen
accusative den superen die supere das supere die superen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein superer eine supere ein superes (keine) superen
genitive eines superen einer superen eines superen (keiner) superen
dative einem superen einer superen einem superen (keinen) superen
accusative einen superen eine supere ein superes (keine) superen

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “super” in Duden online
  • “super” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Interlingua[edit]

Preposition[edit]

super

  1. about (focused on a given topic)

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin super. Cf. sopra.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/
  • Rhymes: -uper
  • Hyphenation: sù‧per

Adjective[edit]

super (invariable)

  1. super

Noun[edit]

super m (invariable)

  1. the best
  2. superphosphate

Noun[edit]

super f (invariable)

  1. the best grade of petrol

Anagrams[edit]

Latin[edit]

FWOTD – 16 August 2013

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *super, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). The latter is cognate to Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “above”) and Proto-Germanic *uber (English over).

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

super (+ accusative, ablative)

  1. (with accusative) [of place] above, on the top of, upon
    Cibus super mensam est.
    The food is on the table.
  2. (with accusative) [of place] above, beyond
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis 1:2:
      terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas
      And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
  3. (with accusative) [of measure] above, beyond, over, in addition to
  4. (with ablative) concerning, regarding

Usage notes[edit]

  • Used in many compound words, see super-.

Adverb[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. above, on top, over
  2. upwards
  3. moreover, in addition, besides, on top of this, too, also
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.29:
      Hīs accēnsa super [...]
      [Juno] having been inflamed by these [things] in addition [...]
      Or, translated more plainly:
      With all of this angering her [...]
      (See: Juno (mythology).)

Quotations[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • super in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
  • super in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[5], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English super.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. (colloquial) great, excellent
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dobry

Adverb[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. (colloquial) excellently

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • super in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • super in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.

Adverb[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. (informal) super, very (intensifier)
    super fixe
    very nice
    Synonyms: muito, bastante, bué, mega

Adjective[edit]

super (invariable)

  1. super

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French super.

Adjective[edit]

super m or f or n (indeclinable)

  1. superb, great

Declension[edit]

Declension of super (invariable)
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite super super super super
definite — — — —
genitive/
dative 		indefinite super super super super
definite — — — —

Adverb[edit]

super

  1. superbly

Sardinian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin super.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

super

  1. on, on top of, above
    Synonym: supra

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.

Adjective[edit]

super (invariable)

  1. (intensifier) very, mega

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

super

  1. present tense of supa.

Adjective[edit]

super (not comparable)

  1. perfect, super, excellent, great
    det blir super! ― that's going to be great!

Declension[edit]

Only used predicatively.

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