besides

English

Etymology

beside +‎ -s See -s (Etymology 3)

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /bəˈsaɪdz/, /biˈsaɪdz/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Preposition

besides

1. (obsolete) Beside.
   • 1561, Geneva Bible, Acts 16:13,^{The Geneva Bible#page/n1075}

     And on the Sabbath day, we went out of the citie, beſides a riuer, where they were wont to pray : and we ſate downe, and ſpake vnto the women, which were come together.

   • 1577, Raphael Holinshed et al., The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande, London: John Hunne, “The Historie of Englande. Aldestane,” p. 225,^[1]

     After this, was Edwin the Kings brother accuſed of ſome conſpiracie by him be|gun againſt the K. whervpõ he was baniſhed the land, and ſent out in an old rotten veſſell without rower or Marriner, onely accompanied with one Eſquire, ſo that beeing launched foorth from the ſhore, through very diſpaire Edwin lept into the Sea, and drowned himſelfe, but the Eſquire that was with him recouered his body, and broughte it to land at Withſand beſides Canterbury.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, Book Two, Canto 1, p. 198,^[2]

     Beſides them both, vpon the ſoiled gras / The dead corſe of an armed knight was ſpred, […]

2. In addition, in addition to.
   • 1661, John Fell, “The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond”, quoted in Ecclesiastical Biography by Christopher Wordsworth, fourth edition, volume IV, London: Francis & John Rivington (1853):

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

   • August 3, 2008 - Schlock Mercenary

     Captain Tagon: Wait. … Ebby, if Schlock goes out make sure he's carrying something besides those two plasma cannons.
     Ebinoth: When you say "besides," do you mean "in addition to," or "instead of"? Because one of those is a really hard sell.

3. Other than; except for; instead of.

   I don't want to go anywhere besides India.

   • August 3, 2008 - Schlock Mercenary

     Captain Tagon: Wait. … Ebby, if Schlock goes out make sure he's carrying something besides those two plasma cannons.
     Ebinoth: When you say "besides," do you mean "in addition to," or "instead of"? Because one of those is a really hard sell.

Translations

in addition to

• Belarusian: апрача (aprača)
• Bulgarian: освен това (osvèn tovà)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 除了...以外 (chúle...yǐwài)

• Czech: kromě (cs)
• Dutch: naast (nl)
• Esperanto: krom, aldone al
• Finnish: lisäksi (fi)
• French: de plus (fr), en plus (fr) en outre (fr), de surcroît (fr), par surcroît (fr) par ailleurs (fr), d'un autre côté (fr), d'autre part (fr), au reste (fr), du reste (fr),
• Georgian: დამატებით (damaṭebit), ამას გარდა (amas garda), გარდა ამისა (garda amisa)
• German: außer (de)
• Greek: εκτός (el) (ektós)
• Irish: le cois
• Italian: oltre a

• Japanese: ...のほかに (-no hoka-ni), ...に加えて (-ni kuwaete)
• Polish: oprócz (pl), poza (pl)
• Portuguese: além de (pt)
• Russian: кро́ме (ru) (króme), поми́мо (ru) (pomímo)
• Scottish Gaelic: a bharrachd air, a thuilleadh air
• Serbo-Croatian: pored (sh), osim (sh), uz (sh)
• Slovak: okrem
• Slovene: póleg
• Spanish: aparte de
• Swahili: aidha
• Turkish: dışında (tr) pl
• Ukrainian: крім (krim), крім того́ (krim tohó)
• Venetian: apèđe (vec)

other than; except for

• Arabic: إِلَّا‎‎ (ar) (ʾillā), بِاسْتِثْناء‎‎ (bi-stiṯnāʾ)
• Armenian: բացի (hy) (bacʿi)
• Bulgarian: освен (bg) (osvèn)
• Burmese: အပြင် (my) (a.prang)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 除了...以外 (chúle...yǐwài)

• Dutch: behalve (nl)
• Esperanto: krom, escepte de
• Finnish: paitsi (fi), muu kuin
• French: excepté (fr), sauf (fr)
• Georgian: გარეშე (gareše)
• German: außer (de)
• Greek: εκτός (el) (ektós), πλην (el) (plin)

  Ancient: πλήν (plḗn) (+ gen.), νόσφι (nósphi) (+ gen.), ἄνευ (áneu) (+ gen.), ἔξω (éxō) (+ gen.), ἐκτός (ektós) (+ gen.), ἔμπλην (émplēn), δίχα (díkha), παρέκ (parék)

• Irish: seachas
• Italian: ad eccezione di
• Japanese: ...を除いて (...-o nozoite), ...以外は (ja) (...いがいは, ...igai-wa)
• Maori: hāunga
• Persian: بجز‎‎ (fa) (bejoz), جز‎‎ (fa) (joz)
• Portuguese: além de (pt), a não ser (pt), exceto (pt)
• Russian: кро́ме (ru) (króme), исключа́я (ru) (isključája), за исключе́нием (ru) (za isključénijem)
• Serbo-Croatian: osim (sh)
• Slovene: rázen (sl)
• Spanish: excepto (es), salvo (es)
• Venetian: a parte
• West Frisian: njonken

Adverb

besides (not comparable)

1. (conjunctive) Also; in addition.
   • 2012 April 18, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 1-0 Barcelona”, in BBC Sport:

     In the end, Chelsea's organisation and discipline was rewarded but Di Matteo knows they will have to produce the same - and more besides - in the Nou Camp to confirm a meeting with either Real Madrid or Bayern Munich in the final in Munich next month.

2. (conjunctive) Moreover; furthermore.
3. (conjunctive) Otherwise; else.
4. (obsolete) On one side.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)

   • c. 1611, George Chapman (translator), The Iliads of Homer, London: Nathaniell Butter, Book 8, p. 111,^[3]

     Yet Teucer would another shaft, at Hectors life dispose;

     So faine, he such a marke would hit: but still besides it goes;

Synonyms

• (moreover, furthermore): du reste

Translations

also; in addition

• Bulgarian: също (bg) (sǎšto), в допълнение (v dopǎlnenie)
• Catalan: a més
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 還有 (zh), 还有 (zh) (háiyǒu), 並且 (zh), 并且 (zh) (bìngqiě)

• Dutch: bovendien (nl), daarenboven (nl), daarbij (nl)
• Esperanto: aldone, krome, plue
• Finnish: lisäksi (fi)
• French: de plus (fr), en plus (fr) en outre (fr), de surcroît (fr), par surcroît (fr) par ailleurs (fr), d'un autre côté (fr), d'autre part (fr), au reste (fr), du reste (fr)
• German: außerdem (de), weiterhin (de), darüber hinaus (de)
• Greek: επιπλέον (el) (epipléon), επιπροσθέτως (el) (epiprosthétos)
• Haitian Creole: dayè

• Hungarian: ezenkívül (hu), ezenfelül (hu)
• Irish: le cois
• Japanese: それに (ja) (sore ni), ほかに (hoka ni)
• Latin: alioqui
• Polish: poza tym (pl)
• Portuguese: além disso (pt), fora isso, ademais (pt)
• Russian: кро́ме того́ (ru) (króme tovó), к тому́ же (k tomú že)
• Spanish: además (es), aparte (es)
• Telugu: పైగా (te) (paigā)
• Ukrainian: крім того́ (krim tohó)

moreover; furthermore

• Arabic: عِلَاوَة عَلَى ذٰلِكَ‎‎ (ʿilāwa ʿalā ḏālika)
• Bulgarian: освен това (osven tova)
• Catalan: a més a més
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 並且 (zh), 并且 (zh) (bìngqiě), 而且 (zh) (érqiě), 還有 (zh), 还有 (zh) (háiyǒu), 況且 (zh), 况且 (zh) (kuàngqiě)

• Dutch: daarnaast (nl), bovendien (nl), voorts (nl)
• Esperanto: cetere (eo), krome, plue
• Finnish: lisäksi (fi), sitä paitsi (fi)
• French: de plus (fr), en plus (fr) en outre (fr), de surcroît (fr), par surcroît (fr) par ailleurs (fr), d'un autre côté (fr), d'autre part (fr), au reste (fr), du reste (fr)

• German: außerdem (de)
• Greek: επιπλέον (el) (epipléon), επιπροσθέτως (el) (epiprosthétos), συν τοις άλλοις (el) (syn tois állois)
• Haitian Creole: dayè
• Italian: inoltre (it)
• Japanese: さらに (ja) (sara-ni), その上に (そのうえに, sono ue-ni), なお (nao)
• Portuguese: além disso (pt), fora isso
• Russian: бо́лее того́ (bóleje tovó), сверх того́ (sverx tovó)
• Spanish: además (es)
• Telugu: పైగా (te) (paigā)

otherwise; else

• Bulgarian: освен (bg) (osven)
• Catalan: d'altra banda
• Dutch: behalve dat, daarnaast (nl), daarbuiten (nl)
• Finnish: muuten (fi)

• French: sinon (fr)
• Greek: άλλωστε (el) (álloste), εξάλλου (el) (exállou)
• Russian: кро́ме того́ (ru) (króme tovó)
• Spanish: de lo contrario, si no

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} inoltre (it)

See also

• on top of that

Usage notes

Not to be confused with

• beside