außer
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German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ausser (Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, else obsolete or post-1996 hypercorrection)
Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German ūzer, from Old High German ūzar. More at aus. Cf. English outer, Norwegian uten-, ytre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]außer [with dative or (rarely) genitive]
- except; besides; apart from
- Alle außer dir sind schon unterwegs.
- Everyone except for you is already on their way.
- 1915, Franz Kafka, Der Process, Verlag: Die Schmiede, published 1925, page 5:
- K. wollte sich setzen, aber nun sah er, daß im ganzen Zimmer keine Sitzgelegenheit war, außer dem Sessel beim Fenster.
- K. wanted to sit down, but now he saw that there was no seat in the whole room apart from the armchair at the window.
- out of
- außer Atem ― out of breath
- außer Betrieb ― out of order
- außer Frage ― out of the question
- außer Gefecht ― out of action
- außer Kontroll ― out of control
- außer Sicht ― out of sight
- außer Übung ― out of practice
- außer Landes ― out of the country
- außer Haus(es) ― away from home; away from work
- (with reflexive pronoun) beside oneself [with vor (+ dative) ‘with an emotion’]
- Sie war außer sich vor Wut.
- She was beside herself with anger.
Usage notes
[edit]- In contemporary colloquial German, außer is often construed like a conjunction rather than a preposition. See below.
- In formal writing, außer occasionally takes a genitive object. This remains rare with the exception of außer Landes.
Derived terms
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]außer
- (standard) except; referring to a following clause or adverb
- Sie können das Spiel nicht mehr gewinnen, außer wenn sie ein Wunder schaffen.
- They can’t win the match anymore, except if they produce a miracle.
- (colloquial, otherwise nonstandard) except; referring to a noun phrase, which follows in the case suggested by the syntax of the clause
- Keiner wollte mithelfen außer du und ich.
- Nobody wanted to help except you and me.
- Außer dich hab ich noch keinen gefragt.
- Except for you I haven’t asked anyone so far.
Further reading
[edit]- “außer” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “außer - preposition” in Duden online
- “außer - conjunction” in Duden online
- “außer” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
Categories:
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- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German 2-syllable words
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- German lemmas
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