cár

See also: Appendix:Variations of "car"

Hungarian

Etymology

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), ultimately from Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡saːr]
• Rhymes: -aːr

Noun

cár (plural cárok)

1. tsar, czar, tzar

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	cár	cárok
accusative	cárt	cárokat
dative	cárnak	cároknak
instrumental	cárral	cárokkal
causal-final	cárért	cárokért
translative	cárrá	cárokká
terminative	cárig	cárokig
essive-formal	cárként	cárokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	cárban	cárokban
superessive	cáron	cárokon
adessive	cárnál	cároknál
illative	cárba	cárokba
sublative	cárra	cárokra
allative	cárhoz	cárokhoz
elative	cárból	cárokból
delative	cárról	cárokról
ablative	cártól	cároktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	cáré	cároké
non-attributive possessive – plural	cáréi	cárokéi

Possessive forms of cár

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	cárom	cárjaim
2nd person sing.	cárod	cárjaid
3rd person sing.	cárja	cárjai
1st person plural	cárunk	cárjaink
2nd person plural	cárotok	cárjaitok
3rd person plural	cárjuk	cárjaik

Derived terms

• cári

Compound words

• cárné
• cárnő

Related terms

• cárevics
• cárevna

Further reading

• cár in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• cár in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Anagrams

• rác

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kaːɾˠ/
• Homophone: carr

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cár m (genitive singular cáir or cárach)

1. mouth (showing teeth); grin, grimace
2. (collective) teeth; set of teeth

Declension

Declension of cár (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cár vocative a cháir genitive cáir dative cár forms with the definite article singular nominative an cár genitive an cháir dative leis an gcár don chár

Derived terms

• cáraí m (“grinner, grimacer”)

Etymology 2

From cá +‎ -r.

Adverb

cár

1. where

   Cár chodail tú aréir? ― Where did you sleep last night?

   Cár chuala tú é sin? ― Where did you hear that?

Usage notes

Used only with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs. Triggers lenition of a following consonant.

Particle

cár (copular form used before a consonant, present/future form used before a vowel cárb, past/conditional form used before a vowel cárbh)

1. where is..., what is...

   Cár locht ortsa é? ― What fault is it of yours?

2. where was/would be..., what was/would be

   Cár thairbhe domsa é? ― What would it profit me?

   Cár chás má dúirt sé é? ― What would it matter if he said it?

Related terms

Irish copular forms

simple copular forms
present/future		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
main clause		is	ní	an	nach
relative clause	direct		nach	—
	indirect	ar, arbv
other subordinate clause		gur, gurbv		an	nach
past/conditional		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
main clause		ba, b’v	níor, níorbhv	ar, arbhv	nár, nárbhv
relative clause	direct	ba, abv	nár, nárbhv	—
	indirect	ar, arbhv
other subordinate clause		gur, gurbhv		ar, arbhv	nár, nárbhv
present subjunctive		affirmative	negative
—		gura, gurabv	nára, nárabv
compound copular forms
base word		present/future		past/conditional
cá		cár, cárbv		cár, cárbhv
cé		cér, cérbv		cér, cérbhv
dá		—		dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do		dar, darbv		dar, darbhv
faoi		faoinar, faoinarbv		faoinar, faoinarbhv
i		inar, inarbv		inar, inarbhv
le		lenar, lenarbv		lenar, lenarbhv
má		más		má ba, má b’v
mura		mura, murabv		murar, murarbhv
ó (preposition)		ónar, ónarbv		ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conjunction)		ós		ó ba, ó b’v
trí		trínar, trínarbv		trínar, trínarbhv

^v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Mutated forms of cár

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cár	chár	gcár

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Slovak

Etymology

Derived from Russian царь (carʹ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡saːr/

Noun

cár m pers (female equivalent cárovná)

1. emperor of Russia
2. emperor of Bulgaria
3. czar / tsar / tzar

Declension

Declension of cár

	singular	plural
nominative	cár	cári, cárovia
genitive	cára	cárov
dative	cárovi	cárom
accusative	cára	cárov
locative	cárovi	cároch
instrumental	cárom	cármi

Derived terms

• cárica f
• cárik m
• cárov
• cárovič m
• cársky
• cárstvo n

See also

• cisár n

References

• “cár”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026