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tsar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.[1] Doublet of Caesar and Kaiser. The spelling tsar began to replace the older czar in the nineteenth century. Compare Byzantine Greek Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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Tsar Nicholas II.

tsar (plural tsars or (rare) tsari)

  1. (historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.
    • 1832 August 1, W. Barnes, “On the Origin of Language”, in Gentleman's Magazine[1], London, page 129:
      and why, in the name of common sense, should the English call the Czar (tsar) of Russia raze?
    • 1996 May 19, Jim Collier, “King Arthur Discoveries”, in soc.history.medieval[2] (Usenet), archived from the original on 2025-06-07:
      I vuz never beink too krazy about any of dose tsari.
    • 2004 April 5, «Pas de deux», “Yes Virginia (Erin), there are bad people in the world, and formewr KGB head Valdimir Putin is one of them....”, in soc.culture.baltics[3] (Usenet), archived from the original on 2025-06-07:
      >There IS a difference between the Russians as a group of people and Soviet communism!
      Ha ha ha! Know any other good ones? First their[sic] were the plain old tsari, then the red tsari (Stalin, etc) and know Putin is the 'new look' tsar. But the same beastly imperialist bullying goes on.
    • 2013, Kherlen Badarch, “Post-imperial Mongolia (1368–1691)”, in Integrating New Values into Mongolian Public Management (KWI-Gutachten; 8), Universitätsverlag Potsdam [Potsdam University Press], →ISBN, →ISSN, chapter 4 (Mongolian traditional legacy), section 4 (Mongolian statehood historic tradition), page 84:
      At that time Mongol princes faced the challenge of choosing from three options: either combine all their forces and fight against the Manchus, which were stronger and had taken over all of China at that time, or approach the Russian Tsari as did the Buryat and Khalmig Mongol princedoms or to follow the way of Inner Mongolia and accept relative autonomy given by the Manchu.
  2. (figuratively) A person with great power; an autocrat.
    • 1969 March 14 [1969 March 13], “Report from Border Areas”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts[4], number 50, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, page A 6[5]:
      Chin Chien-shih, an old poor peasant of Korean nationality, said: "The wolfish ambition of the new tsars is exactly the same as that of the old tsars. The Soviet revisionist renegade clique is struggling desperately in the hope of saving itself from doom, but this will only bring on its destruction more quickly."

Usage notes

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  • (emperor of Russia): Officially, emperors after 1721 were styled imperator (импера́тор (imperátor)) rather than tsar (царь (carʹ)), but the latter term is still commonly applied to them.
  • The term sometimes refers to other rulers, besides those of Russia, e.g. the monarch of Bulgaria (1908-1946).
  • The spelling czar is predominant in figurative and informal senses. Scholarly literature prefers tsar.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Hindustani:
  • Irish: sár
  • Japanese: ツァー (tsā)

Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Funk, W. J., Word origins and their romantic stories, New York, Wilfred Funk, Inc.

Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cèsar.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tsar m (plural tsars, feminine tsarina)

  1. tsar

Derived terms

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Further reading

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French

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French Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fr

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tsar m (plural tsars)

  1. czar (Russian nobility)
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Descendants

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Noun

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tsar m (plural tsares)

  1. tsar

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar.

Noun

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tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarer, definite plural tsarene)

  1. a tsar or czar

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology

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From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar.

Noun

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tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarar, definite plural tsarane)

  1. a tsar or czar

References

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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tsar m (plural tsares, feminine tsarina, feminine plural tsarinas)

  1. alternative form of czar

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tsar c

  1. tsar

Declension

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Declension of tsar
nominative genitive
singular indefinite tsar tsars
definite tsaren tsarens
plural indefinite tsarer tsarers
definite tsarerna tsarernas
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Tocharian A

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tocharian *ṣar, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr, from *ǵʰes-. Cognate with Albanian dorë, Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Hittite [script needed] (kessar). Compare Tocharian B ṣar.

Noun

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tsar m

  1. hand