زار

See also: Appendix:Variations of "zar", ـزار, and راز

Arabic

Root
ز و ر (z w r)
10 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaː.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːr

Verb

زَارَ • (zāra) I (non-past يَزُورُ (yazūru), verbal noun زَوْر (zawr) or زِيَارَة (ziyāra) or مَزَار (mazār) or زُوَارَة (zuwāra) or زُوَار (zuwār))

1. to incline towards, to repair to the direction of
2. to visit

   هَلْ زُرْتَ أُسْتُرَالِيَا؟ (to a man) ― hal zurta ʔusturāliyā? ― Have you been to Australia?

   هَلْ زُرْتِ أُسْتُرَالِيَا؟ (to a woman) ― hal zurti ʔusturāliyā? ― Have you been to Australia?

Conjugation

Conjugation of زَارَ (I, hollow, a ~ u, full passive, verbal nouns زَوْر, زِيَارَة, مَزَار, زُوَارَة, زُوَار)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						زَوْر, زِيَارَة, مَزَار, زُوَارَة, زُوَار zawr, ziyāra, mazār, zuwāra, zuwār
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						زَائِر zāʔir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَزُور mazūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زُرْتُ zurtu	زُرْتَ zurta	زَارَ zāra		زُرْتُمَا zurtumā	زَارَا zārā		زُرْنَا zurnā	زُرْتُمْ zurtum	زَارُوا zārū
	f		زُرْتِ zurti	زَارَتْ zārat			زَارَتَا zāratā			زُرْتُنَّ zurtunna	زُرْنَ zurna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَزُورُ ʔazūru	تَزُورُ tazūru	يَزُورُ yazūru		تَزُورَانِ tazūrāni	يَزُورَانِ yazūrāni		نَزُورُ nazūru	تَزُورُونَ tazūrūna	يَزُورُونَ yazūrūna
	f		تَزُورِينَ tazūrīna	تَزُورُ tazūru			تَزُورَانِ tazūrāni			تَزُرْنَ tazurna	يَزُرْنَ yazurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَزُورَ ʔazūra	تَزُورَ tazūra	يَزُورَ yazūra		تَزُورَا tazūrā	يَزُورَا yazūrā		نَزُورَ nazūra	تَزُورُوا tazūrū	يَزُورُوا yazūrū
	f		تَزُورِي tazūrī	تَزُورَ tazūra			تَزُورَا tazūrā			تَزُرْنَ tazurna	يَزُرْنَ yazurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَزُرْ ʔazur	تَزُرْ tazur	يَزُرْ yazur		تَزُورَا tazūrā	يَزُورَا yazūrā		نَزُرْ nazur	تَزُورُوا tazūrū	يَزُورُوا yazūrū
	f		تَزُورِي tazūrī	تَزُرْ tazur			تَزُورَا tazūrā			تَزُرْنَ tazurna	يَزُرْنَ yazurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		زُرْ zur			زُورَا zūrā				زُورُوا zūrū
	f		زُورِي zūrī							زُرْنَ zurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زِرْتُ zirtu	زِرْتَ zirta	زِيرَ zīra		زِرْتُمَا zirtumā	زِيرَا zīrā		زِرْنَا zirnā	زِرْتُمْ zirtum	زِيرُوا zīrū
	f		زِرْتِ zirti	زِيرَتْ zīrat			زِيرَتَا zīratā			زِرْتُنَّ zirtunna	زِرْنَ zirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَارُ ʔuzāru	تُزَارُ tuzāru	يُزَارُ yuzāru		تُزَارَانِ tuzārāni	يُزَارَانِ yuzārāni		نُزَارُ nuzāru	تُزَارُونَ tuzārūna	يُزَارُونَ yuzārūna
	f		تُزَارِينَ tuzārīna	تُزَارُ tuzāru			تُزَارَانِ tuzārāni			تُزَرْنَ tuzarna	يُزَرْنَ yuzarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَارَ ʔuzāra	تُزَارَ tuzāra	يُزَارَ yuzāra		تُزَارَا tuzārā	يُزَارَا yuzārā		نُزَارَ nuzāra	تُزَارُوا tuzārū	يُزَارُوا yuzārū
	f		تُزَارِي tuzārī	تُزَارَ tuzāra			تُزَارَا tuzārā			تُزَرْنَ tuzarna	يُزَرْنَ yuzarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَرْ ʔuzar	تُزَرْ tuzar	يُزَرْ yuzar		تُزَارَا tuzārā	يُزَارَا yuzārā		نُزَرْ nuzar	تُزَارُوا tuzārū	يُزَارُوا yuzārū
	f		تُزَارِي tuzārī	تُزَرْ tuzar			تُزَارَا tuzārā			تُزَرْنَ tuzarna	يُزَرْنَ yuzarna

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833), “زار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 265
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “زار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1268.
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “زار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 535

Central Kurdish

Etymology

Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (zpl /⁠zafar⁠/, “mouth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaːɾ/

Noun

زار (zar)

1. mouth

   Synonym: دەم (dem)

Derived terms

• زاربێن (zarbên)
• زارەکی (zarekî)

References

• Hejar (1990), “زار”, in Henbane borîne‎^[4], Tehran: Soroush, page 372
• Wahby, T.; Edmonds, C. J. (1966), “zar”, in A Kurdish-English Dictionary, page 164

Egyptian Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zɑːr/

Etymology 1

Root
ز و ر
1 term

From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

Verb

زار • (zār) I (non-past يزور (yizūr))

1. to visit

Conjugation

Conjugation of زار

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زرت (zurt)	زرت (zurt)	زار (zār)		زرنا (zurna)	زرتوا (zurtu)	زوروا (zūru)
	f		زرتي (zurti)	زارت (zārit)
present subjunctive	m	ازور (azūr)	تزور (tizūr)	يزور (yizūr)		نزور (nizūr)	تزوروا (tizūru)	يزوروا (yizūru)
	f		تزوري (tizūri)	تزور (tizūr)
present indicative	m	بزور (bazūr)	بتزور (bitzūr)	بيزور (biyzūr)		بنزور (binzūr)	بتزوروا (bitzūru)	بيزوروا (biyzūru)
	f		بتزوري (bitzūru)	بتزور (bitzūr)
future1	m	هزور (hazūr)	هتزور (hatzūr)	هيزور (hayzūr)		هنزور (hanzūr)	هتزوروا (hatzūru)	هيزوروا (hayzūru)
	f		هتزوري (hatzūru)	هتزور (hatzūr)
imperative	m		زور (zūr)				زوروا (zūru)
	f		زوري (zūri)

¹ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably from Blin ጃር (ǧar, “Skygod”), either directly or by means of the Amharic doublet [script needed] (zar).

Noun

زار • (zār) m (usually uncountable)

1. zar; a folk exorcism, usually performed on women dancing to music in circles.

   كدية الزار ― the female chief celebrant at a zar

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Root
ز و ر
1 term

From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

زار • (zār) I (non-past يزور (yzūr))

1. to visit

Conjugation

Conjugation of زار

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زرت (zurt)	زرتي (zurti)	زار (zār)		زرنا (zurna)	زرتوا (zurtu)	زاروا (zāru)
	f			زارت (zāret)
non-past	m	نزور (nzūr)	تزور (tzūr)	يزور (yzūr)		نزوروا (nzūru)	تزوروا (tzūru)	يزوروا (yzūru)
	f		تزوري (tzūri)	تزور (tzūr)
imperative	m		زور (zūr)				زوروا (zūru)
	f		زوري (zūri)

Ottoman Turkish

زار

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sar (“wrapping”), a root related to Proto-Turkic *saru- (“to wind, wrap”). Compare صارمق (sarmak, “to wind, wrap, bind”), صارق (sarık, “turban”) and صارغی (sargı, “wrapping, bandage”).

Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))

1. membrane, film, pellicle, skin, any thin layer of some substance which usually causes opacity
2. wrapping, wrapper, envelope, any cover or material usually used to enclose small, flat items
3. tapestry, a heavy woven cloth, often with decorative pictorial designs, normally hung on walls

Derived terms

• بورون زاری (burun zarı, “any thin part of a nostril”)
• دیوار زاری (duvar zarı, “canvas lining to a wall”)
• زار كبی (zar gibi, “a mere film”)
• زارجغز (zarcağız, “very thin membrane”)
• زارلاتمق (zarlatmak, “to make or let be draped”)
• زارلامق (zarlamak, “to drape, tapestry”)
• زارلانمق (zarlanmak, “to be draped or tapestried”)
• زارلق (zarlık, “canvas fit for lining”)
• زارلو (zarlı, “covered with a membrane or pellicle”)
• صوغان زاری (soğan zarı, “thin pellicle of an onion”)
• قولاق زاری (kulak zarı, “eardrum, tympanum”)
• كوز زاری (göz zarı, “sclera”)

Descendants

• > Turkish: zar (inherited)

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “zar3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[5], Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Membrana”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[7], Vienna, column 1029
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[8], Vienna, columns 2415-2416
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “zar2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “زار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[9], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1001

Etymology 2

زارلر

Borrowed from Arabic زَهْر (zahr, “die, dice; cast iron”).

Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))

1. die, a polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance

Derived terms

• زار آتمق (zar atmak, “to cast a die”)
• زار اویونی (zar oyunu, “game of dice”)
• زار طاوله (zar tavla, “gameboard”)
• زار كلمك (zar gelmek, “for the dice, to be favorable”)
• زارلق (zarlık, “dice-box”)
• زارلو (zarlı, “lucky at throwing dice”)

Descendants

• Turkish: zar
• → Albanian: zar
• → Bulgarian: зар (zar)
• → Laz: ზარი (zari), ზაი (zai) — alternative spelling
• → Macedonian: зар (zar)
• → Romanian: zar
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: зар

  Latin script: zar

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “zar4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[10], Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[11] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Alea”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[12], Vienna, column 46
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[13], Vienna, columns 2415-2416
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “zar1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “زار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[14], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1001

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian زار (zar, “groan, lament”), from Middle Persian *zār, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati (“to be angered, vexed”).

Noun

زار • (zar) (definite accusative زاری (zarı), plural زارلر (zarlar))

1. moan, groan, lament, any low, guttural sound uttered in pain, grief, sadness, or regret

   Synonyms: ایكلتی (iñilti), فغان (fiğan), ناله (nâle)

Derived terms

• زار ایتمك (zar etmek, “to groan, to lament”)
• زار زار (zar zar, “bitterly”)
• زاریانه (zariyane, “subject of complaint”)

Descendants

• Turkish: zar

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 34
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “zar6”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5435
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “زار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[15], Vienna: F. Beck, page 254a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “زار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[16] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 638
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Gemitio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[17], Vienna, column 642
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “زار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[18], Vienna, column 2416

Persian

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati. See it for more.

Noun

Dari	زار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зор

زار • (zâr)

1. groan
2. lament

Derived terms

• زار زار (zâr-zâr)

Descendants

• > Tajik: зор (zor) (inherited)
• → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
• → Azerbaijani: zar
• → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
• → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ज़ार (zār)

  Urdu: زار (zār)

• → Ottoman Turkish: زار (zâr)
  • > Turkish: zar (inherited)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic زَهْر (zahr).

Noun

زار • (zâr)

1. die (for gambling)

Descendants

• → Armenian: զառ (zaṙ)
• → Georgian: ზარი (zari)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ز و ر
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic زَارَ (zāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaːr/, [zɑːrˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

زار • (zār) I (present بزور (bizūr))

1. to visit

Conjugation

Conjugation of زار

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زرت (zurt)	زرت (zurt)	زار (zār)		زرنا (zurna)	زرتو (zurtu)	زارو (zāru)
	f		زرتي (zurti)	زارت (zārat)
present	m	بزور (bazūr)	بتزور (bitzūr)	بزور (bizūr)		منزور (minzūr)	بتزورو (bitzūru)	بيزورو (bizūru)
	f		بتزوري (bitzūri)	بتزور (bitzūr)
subjunctive	m	ازور (azūr)	تزور (tzūr)	يزور (yzūr)		نزور (nzūr)	تزورو (tzūru)	يزورو (yzūru)
	f		تزوري (tzūri)	تزور (tzūr)
imperative	m		زور (zūr)				زورو (zūru)
	f		زوري (zūri)

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /zɑːɾ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian زار (zār), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jāráyati.

Noun

زار • (zār) m (Hindi spelling ज़ार)

1. lament
2. groan

Derived terms

• زار زار (zār-zār)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English czar, from Russian царь (carʹ).

Noun

زار • (zār) m (Hindi spelling ज़ार)

1. czar

Synonyms

• تسار (tsār)