گل

See also: كل‎ and کل‎

Bakhtiari

Alternative forms

• یل‎ (yel), ل‎ (el)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل‎ (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian گله‎.

Suffix

گل (gel)

1. A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.

   ‏کرگل مین هونه بین‎

   korgel meīne howne bīn

   The boys were in the house

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Khalaj

Noun

گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ‎, plural گُللار‎)

1. Arabic spelling of gul (“flower”)

Declension

Declension of گل

	singular	plural
nominative	گل	گللار‎
genitive	گلۇین‎	گللارؽین‎
dative	گلقا‎	گللارقا‎
definite accusative	گلۇ‎	گللارؽ‎
locative	گلچا‎	گللارچا‎
ablative	گلدا‎	گللاردا‎
instrumental	گللا‎	گللارلا‎
equative	گلوارا‎	گللاروارا‎
quantitative	گلقَدَر‎	گللارقَدَر‎

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Laki

Noun

گل (gil)

1. flower

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Noun

گل (gal)

1. mouse

Etymology 2

From Persian. Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول‎ (*vel).

Noun

گل (gël)

1. flower

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• كل‎

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل‎ (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥da-, from Proto-Iranian *wṛda-.

Noun

گل • (gül)

1. rose

Derived terms

• گلگون‎ (gülgün)
• كلكلی‎ (gülgüli)

Descendants

• Turkish: gül
• → Serbo-Croatian: ђул (đul)

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559

Persian

FWOTD – 4 August 2019

Etymology 1

گل

From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥da- (compare to Old Armenian վարդ (vard) borrowed from Iranian and possibly also borrowed in Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (see there for further information), which yielded English rose), from Proto-Iranian *wṛda- (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀‎ (var^əδa), Sogdian [Term?] (/ward/), Parthian [Manichaean needed] (wʾr /wār/)), Talysh ول‎ (vel), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). Ultimately probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ- (“to grow (large/strong)”) (attested only in Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ- (“to grow”)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡul/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡʊl/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡol/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ɡul/

Noun

Dari	گُل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гул (gul)

گل • (gol) (plural گُل‌ها‎)

1. (archaic, literary) rose
   • 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh

     ‏زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار
     چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهار‎

     zan-i šêr az ân nâma-i šahryâr
     ču raxšanda-gul šud ba vaqt-i bahâr

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 1325–1389, Hafez, Divan

     ‏صبحدم مرغ سحر با گل نوخاسته گفت
     ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفت‎

     classical persian: subhdam murğ-i sahar bâ gul-i naw-xâsta guft
     nâz kam kun ki dar în bâğ basê čun tu šikuft
     modern persian: subhdam morğ-e sahar bâ gol-e now-xâste goft
     nâz kam kon keh dar in bâğ basi čon to šekoft

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. flower
3. the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)

Synonyms

• (rose): گل سرخ‎ (gol-e sorx), رز‎ (roz)

Derived terms

• ترگل‎ (targol)
• نارگل‎ (nârgol)
• نازگل‎ (nâzgol)
• گل سرخ‎ (gol-e sorx)
• گل و بلبل‎ (gol-o-bolbol)
• گل کلم‎ (gol-e kalam)
• گلاب‎ (golâb)
• گلبرگ‎ (golbarg)
• گلدان‎ (goldân)
• گلزار‎ (golzâr)
• گلستان‎ (golestân)
• گلشن‎ (golšan)
• گلپر‎ (golpar)
• گلچه‎ (golče)
• گلگون‎ (gol-gun)
• گل‌کاری‎ (gol-kâri)
• گل‌گلی‎ (gol-goli)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: جُلّ‎ (jull)
• → Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ‎
• → Azerbaijani: gül
• → Bashkir: гөл (göl)
• → Bengali: গুল (gul)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: गुल (gul)
  • Urdu: گل‎ (gul)
• → Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
• → Kazakh: гүл (gül)
• → Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
• → Ottoman Turkish: گل‎ (gül), كل‎
  • Turkish: gül
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ђул (đul)
• → Pashto: ګل‎ (gul)
• → Punjabi: ਗੁਲ (gul) / گل‎ (gul)
• → Sindhi: گل‎ (gulu)
• → Turkmen: gül
• → Uyghur: گۈل‎ (gül)
• → Uzbek: gul

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡil/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡɪl/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡel/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ɡil/

Noun

Dari	گل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	гил (gil)

گل • (gel) (plural گل‌ها‎ (gel-hâ))

1. clay
2. silt
3. mud
4. lair

Derived terms

• کاه‌گلی‎ (kâh-geli)
• کاه‌گل‎ (kâh-gel)
• گل لگد کردن‎ (gel lagad kardan)
• گل و لای‎ (gel-o-lây)
• گلی‎ (geli)
• گل‌آلود‎ (gel-âlud)
• گل‌مالی‎ (gel-mâli)

 

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English goal.

Pronunciation

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡol/

Noun

Dari	گول‎
Iranian Persian	گل
Tajik	гол (gol)

گل • (gol) (plural گل‌ها‎ (gol-hâ))

1. (chiefly Iran, sports) goal

Derived terms

• پرگل‎ (por-gol)
• گل خوردن‎ (gol xordan)
• گل زدن‎ (gol zadan)
• گل کوچیک‎ (gol kučik)
• گل‌زن‎ (gol-zan)
• گل‌نزن‎ (gol-nazan)

 

Punjabi

Etymology 1

Proper noun

گل • (gill) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)

1. a Punjabi surname, Gill

Etymology 2

Noun

گل • (gaḷḷ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਲ਼)

1. saying

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गल (gala).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

1. throat
2. neck
3. hook

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गल् (gal).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

1. speech
2. word
3. saying
4. affair

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل‎ (gil).

Noun

گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)

1. earth, mud, silt, clay
2. bole

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل‎ (gul).

Noun

گل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)

1. flower
2. rose