ل
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
 | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
Arabic[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل / ل / ل / ل • (lām)
See also[edit]
- (Arabic script letters) ا (ā), ب (b), ت (t), ث (ṯ), ج (j), ح (ḥ), خ (ḵ), د (d), ذ (ḏ), ر (r), ز (z), س (s), ش (š), ص (ṣ), ض (ḍ), ط (ṭ), ظ (ẓ), ع (ʿ), غ (ḡ), ف (f), ق (q), ك (k), ل (l), م (m), ن (n), ه (h), و (w), ي (y)
- Wikipedia article on the Arabic alphabet
- Search en.wiktionary.org for articles beginning with: ل
Symbol[edit]
ل / ل / ل / ل • (lām)
- The twelfth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ك (k) and followed by م (m).
Etymology 2[edit]
Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎍 (l), Hebrew לְ- (lə-).
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
لِـ • (li-)
Inflection[edit]
| Inflected forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | لِـ (li-) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
| First person | لِي / لِيَ (lī / liya) | لَنَا (lanā) | |||
| Second person | لَكَ (laka) | لَكِ (laki) | لَكُمَا (lakumā) | لَكُمْ (lakum) | لَكُنَّ (lakunna) |
| Third person | لَهُ (lahu) | لَهَا (lahā) | لَهُمَا (lahumā) | لَهُمْ (lahum) | لَهُنَّ (lahunna) |
Preposition[edit]
لَـ • (la-)
- Used to express admiration or to call for help
- يَا لَلْعَجَبِ!
- yā lalʿajabi!
- How wonderful!
- يَا لَهُ مِنْ عَالِمِ رَائِعِ!
- yā lahu min ʿālimi rāʾiʿi!
- What a wonderful world!
Usage notes[edit]
It is often used in the form يَا لَهُ [مِنْ] ..., that is, يَا لَـ followed by an enclitic pronoun that does not refer to any previous noun. Rather the pronoun refers to what follows it, with an optional مِنْ in the middle.[1]
Inflection[edit]
| Inflected forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | لَـ (la-) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
| First person | لِي / لِيَ (lī / liya) | لَنَا (lanā) | |||
| Second person | لَكَ (laka) | لَكِ (laki) | لَكُمَا (lakumā) | لَكُمْ (lakum) | لَكُنَّ (lakunna) |
| Third person | لَهُ (lahu) | لَهَا (lahā) | لَهُمَا (lahumā) | لَهُمْ (lahum) | لَهُنَّ (lahunna) |
Conjunction[edit]
لِـ • (li-)
- to, in order to: followed by the subjunctive mood
- دَخَلْتُ ٱلْمَطْبَخَ لِأَشْرَبَ مَاءً.
- daḵaltu l-maṭbaḵa li-ʾašraba māʾan.
- I entered the kitchen to drink water.
- used with the verbs أَرَادَ (ʾarāda) and أَمَرَ (ʾamara)
-
- إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذُهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ
- ʾinnamā yurīdu llāhu liyuḏuhiba ʿankumu r-rijsa
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- only to (لَامُ الْعَاقِبَة (lāmu l-ʿāqiba))
-
- فَالْتَقَطَهُ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ عَدُوًّا وَحَزَنًا
- fāltaqaṭahu ʾālu firʿawna li-yakūna lahum ʿaduwwan wa-ḥazanan
- And so the family of the Pharaoh picked him up, only to become an enemy and a grief.
-
Synonyms[edit]
- لِأَنْ (liʾan)
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
لِـ • (li-)
- Used to introduce an imperative with a jussive verb; let
- 9th century, Muslim ibn Al-Hajjaj, quoting Muhammad, “كتاب الحج”, in Sahih Muslim:
- لِتَأْخُذُوا مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لَا أَحُجُّ بَعْدَ حَجَّتِي هَذِهِ
- litaʾḵuḏū manāsikakum faʾinnī lā ʾadrī laʿallī lā ʾaḥujju baʿda ḥajjatī haḏihi
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- وَقُلِ ٱلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِنْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ
- waquli l-ḥaqqu min rabbikum faman šāʾa falyuʾmin waman šāʾa falyakfur
- And say, "The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills, let him believe; and whoever wills, let him disbelieve."
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
لَـ • (la-)
- (intensifying particle) truly, verily, certainly, surely
-
- وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ ٱلْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ٱلْعَنكَبُوتِ
- wa-ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti la-baytu l-ʿankabūti
- And indeed, the weakest of homes is the home of the spider,
-
Usage notes[edit]
Frequently used after إِنَّ (ʾinna).
Etymology 5[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَلِيَ (waliya)
References[edit]
- Wehr, Hans (1979) , “ل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
- ^ de Sacy, Silvestre (1831) Grammaire arabe[1] (in French), volume 1, pages 475-476
Kashmiri[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل (l)
- The thirty-sixth letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Kazakh[edit]
| Cyrillic | Л, л |
|---|---|
| Arabic | ل |
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل • (l)
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Khowar[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل (lām)
- The thirty-ninth and first lam letter of the Khowar abjad.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Malay[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل / ل / ل / ل
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.
See also[edit]
- (Arabic script letters) حروف; ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ [edit]
North Levantine Arabic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Arabic لِ (li, “to, for, towards”). The initial syllable in suffixed forms is likely a contemporary development rather than influence from Arabic إِلَى (ʾilā, “to, for, towards”), whose initial glottal stop would have naturally been lost as seen below; instead, compare the development of the initial syllable in إِجَا (ʾija, “to come”).
Preposition[edit]
ل (la)
Usage notes[edit]
- Personal suffixes are attached to the stem ʾil-: إلي (ʾili, “to me”), إلك (ʾilak, “to you”), etc. Often, however, reduplicated forms from the stem laʾil- are used, thus لإلي (laʾili), لإلك (laʾilak).
Synonyms[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
ل (la)
Usage notes[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- كرمال (kirmāl) and synonyms there.
Suffix[edit]
ـلـ (-l-, -ill-)
- to, for; dative suffix
- صِرت قَايلِتلَك مِليوْن مَرَّة مَا تدَعْوِسْلِي عَالأرض البَعدنَا منَضّفِينو!
- ṣirt ʾāylitlak milyōn marra ma tdaʿwisli ʿal-ʾarḍ l-baʿdna mnaḍḍfīno!
- I've told you a million times, don't step all over the floor if we've just cleaned it!
- (literally, “I've said to you a million times, don't step [for] me all over the floor that we've just cleaned!”)
Usage notes[edit]
- Immediately followed by a personal suffix. ل (-l-) almost-always avoids creating superheavy syllables before itself.
- Superheavy syllables CVVC are avoided by contracting the long vowel, such as when attaching to a hollow verb. In particular, long ā, even when raised to ē as in Lebanon and urban Syria, always contracts to a rather than to i — and North Levantine varieties have overwhelmingly merged short u and short i into i, meaning that ū and ī also both contract into i.
- Some speakers extend this to the plural ending -īn of active participles.
- قَايلِين (ʾāylīn, “have said”, pl) ⇒ قَايلِينلي (ʾāylīnli) or قَايلِنلي (ʾāylinli, “have told me”, plural, literally “have said to me”).
- The suffix avoids all other kinds of heavy syllables by attaching to the base as either -ill- or -all-. The -all- ending is used on third-person masculine singular Form I biliteral verbs in the past tense, and the -ill- ending everywhere else.
- حَطّ (ḥaṭṭ, “he set down”, transitive) ⇒ حَطَّلِّي (ḥaṭṭalli, “he set down for me”, transitive)
- مشِيت (mšīt, “you walked”, masculine) ⇒ مشِيتِلَّك (mšītilli, “you walked to me; you walked for me”)
- كَتَبت (katabt, “you wrote”, masculine) ⇒ كَتَبتِلِّي (katabtilli, “you wrote to me; you wrote for me”)
- In other cases, i.e. in environments where sticking -l- directly onto the end of the base would not create a final heavy syllable, it attaches as is.
- كَتَبِت (katabit, “she wrote”) ⇒ كَتَبَِتلِي (katabatli, katabitli, “she wrote to me; she wrote for me”)
- Unlike in Egyptian Arabic, the Levantine form of this suffix can only attach to the base word, not to any preceding suffixes. This means it bumps any object suffixes off into their own words.
- حَطَّيْناه (ḥaṭṭaynḗ, “we put it down”) ⇒ حَطَّيْنالِك ياه، حَطَّيْنالِك هو (ḥaṭṭaynēlik yē, ḥaṭṭaynēlik huwwe, “we put it down for you”)
- This suffix isn't limited to appearing on verbs and their active participles. It can also attach to elatives, passive participles of verbs, and even other parts of speech.
- It only rarely appears on other parts of speech, and when it does, it's the result of an originally-unbound لَ (la, “to, for”) merging into a word it commonly appears with. That's the case with بَعدِلّـ (baʿdill-, “(of time) remaining for”), from بَعْد (baʿd, “still; remaining”, adverb, literally “[there is] still [time]”) + لـ (l-, “for; belonging to”).
- It's also uncommon for this suffix to attach to passive participles, which means that passive participles that end in ū will generally contract it into a short u instead of a short i if it's attached to them. Two somewhat-common examples are مَسمُحلـ (masmuḥl-, “permitted for”) and مقَدَّرلـ (mʾaddarl-, “fated for, preordained for”).
- It can only attach to elatives to refer to the better or best of a set of choices, like أَريَحَلِي (ʾaryaḥli, “more/most comfortable for me”) and أَنضَفلنَا (ʾanḍaflna, “cleaner/cleanest for us”). It's generally invalid to use it on an elative that describes a negative trait, like *أَوْسَخلَك (*ʾawsaḵlak, “dirtier/dirtiest for you”) or *أصعَبلَك (ʾaṣʿablak, “more/most difficult for you”), because it imparts a positive slant on the trait the elative describes. In contrast, عَلَى (ʿala, “in relation to”) can construe elatives no matter what they mean: أَهيَن علَيك (ʾahyan ʿlēk, “easier for you”) is synonymous with أَهيَنلَك (ʾahyanlak, “easier for you”), but the only valid antonym is أَصعَب علَيك (ʾaṣʿab ʿlēk, “more/most difficult for you”, literally “more/most difficult in relation to you”) instead of *أصعَبلَك (ʾaṣʿablak, “more/most difficult for you”).
Etymology 2[edit]
From Arabic إِلَى (ʾilā, “to, for, toward”).
Preposition[edit]
ل (la)
Usage notes[edit]
- Its suffix-base form is lay-, similarly to عَلَى (ʿala). This distinguishes it from the preposition above when constructed with a personal suffix.
- For the most part, only used in the phrases مِنُّو لَيه (minno lē, “in its entirety; altogether”, literally “from it to it”), قِدِر لَ (ʾidir la, “to be able to handle”, literally “to be able toward”), فِيه لَ (fī la, “can handle”, literally “can toward”), and إِجَا لَ (ʾija la, “to come for”). However, it is also uncommonly used to construe other verbs of motion as a generalized sense of the last phrase, where it retains the sense of intending “to apprehend or cause harm” suggested by come for:
- وَاللَّه حَإِضهَر لَيك
- waḷḷa ḥaʾiḍhar lēk
- I swear, I'm going to come out there and come for you.
- (literally, “I swear I'm going to come out toward you”)
Pashto[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل • (lâm)
- The thirty-fourth letter of the Pashto alphabet.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Persian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Letter[edit]
ل / لـ / ـلـ / ـل • (lâm)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by گ and followed by م. Its name is لام.
Sindhi[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل (lām)
- The forty-sixth letter of the Sindhi abjad.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Urdu[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل • (lām)
- The thirtieth letter of the Urdu abjad.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Uyghur[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Letter[edit]
ل • (le)
- The twenty-first letter of the Uyghur alphabet.
Forms[edit]
| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ل | ـل | ـلـ | لـ |
See also[edit]
Categories:
- Character boxes with images
- Arabic block
- Arabic script characters
- Arabic Presentation Forms-B block
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic letters
- Arabic numeral symbols
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic conjunctions
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic particles
- Abjad numerals
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Arabic jussive particles
- Arabic subjunctive particles
- Kashmiri terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kashmiri lemmas
- Kashmiri letters
- Kazakh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kazakh lemmas
- Kazakh letters
- Khowar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Khowar lemmas
- Khowar letters
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay letters
- North Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic lemmas
- North Levantine Arabic prepositions
- North Levantine Arabic conjunctions
- North Levantine Arabic suffixes
- North Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto letters
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian letters
- Sindhi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sindhi lemmas
- Sindhi letters
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu letters
- Uyghur 1-syllable words
- Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uyghur lemmas
- Uyghur letters