على

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See also: علي, علی, غلى, and غلي

Arabic

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Root
ع ل ي (ʕ l y)
20 terms

Etymology 1.1

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    From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (on, over). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌋𒅗 (eli), Hebrew עַל ('al), עֲלֵי ('aléi), Aramaic עַל (ʿal).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    عَلَى (ʕalā)

    1. on, over
    2. against
      يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ
      yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka
      one day for you, and one day against you
      سَجَّلَ ٱللَّاعِبُ خَمْسَةَ أَهْدَافٍ عَلَى خَصْمِهِ
      sajjala l-lāʕibu ḵamsata ʔahdāfin ʕalā ḵaṣmihi
      The player scored five goals against his opponent.
    3. expresses obligation
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:54:
        وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
        wamā ʕalā r-rasūli ʔillā l-balāḡu l-mubīnu
        And the Messenger's only duty is to deliver messages clearly
    4. despite
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:6:
        وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِمْ
        wa-ʔinna rabbaka laḏū maḡfiratin li-n-nāsi ʕalā ẓulmihim
        And indeed, your Lord is full of forgiveness for the people despite their wrongdoing
    5. on condition, provided
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:27:
        قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ٱبْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ
        qāla ʔinnī ʔurīdu ʔan ʔunkiḥaka ʔiḥdā bnatayya hātayni ʕalā ʔan taʔjuranī ṯamāniya ḥijajin
        He said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on the condition that you serve me for eight years,"
    Inflection
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        Inflected forms
    Base form عَلَى (ʕalā)
    Personal-pronoun-
    including forms
    Singular Dual Plural
    Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
    First person عَلَيَّ (ʕalayya) عَلَيْنَا (ʕalaynā)
    Second person عَلَيْكَ (ʕalayka) عَلَيْكِ (ʕalayki) عَلَيْكُمَا (ʕalaykumā) عَلَيْكُمْ (ʕalaykum) عَلَيْكُنَّ (ʕalaykunna)
    Third person عَلَيْهِ (ʕalayhi) عَلَيْهَا (ʕalayhā) عَلَيْهِمَا (ʕalayhimā) عَلَيْهِمْ (ʕalayhim) عَلَيْهِنَّ (ʕalayhinna)
    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) of against): لِـ (li-)
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    Descendants
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    • Egyptian Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)
    • Hijazi Arabic: على (ʕala)
    • Maltese: għal
    • Moroccan Arabic: على (ʕlā), ع (ʕa-)
    • North Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)
    • South Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)

    Etymology 1.2

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    عَلَى (ʕalā) I (non-past يَعْلِي (yaʕlī), verbal noun عَلْي (ʕaly))

    1. (transitive) to climb
    Conjugation
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    Etymology 1.3

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    عَلَّى (ʕallā) II (non-past يُعَلِّي (yuʕallī), verbal noun تَعْلِيَة (taʕliya)) (transitive)

    1. to raise (a building)
    2. to raise, to lift, to elevate (someone/something)
    3. (figurative) to exalt
    Conjugation
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    Etymology 1.4

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    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    عُلًى (ʕulanf pl

    1. feminine plural of أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā, higher, upper; superior)

    References

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    • Freytag, Georg (1835) “على”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 215–216
    • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “على”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 352–356
    • Wehr, Hans (1979) “على”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 746–750

    Egyptian Arabic

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    على (ʕala)

    1. on, upon

    Inflection

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    Inflected forms of على
    Base form على (ʕala)
    Personal-pronoun-
    including forms
    singular plural
    m f
    1st person علي (ʕalayya) علينا (ʕalēna)
    2nd person عليك (ʕalēk) عليك (ʕalēki) عليكوا (ʕalēku)
    3rd person عليه (ʕalēh) عليها (ʕalēha) عليهم (ʕalēhum)

    Hijazi Arabic

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    على (ʕala)

    1. on, over
      Synonym: عَـ (ʕa, on, over)
      حتلاقيه على الرف/عالرف
      ḥatlāgī ʕala al-raff/ʕal-raff
      You will find it on rack
    2. against
      يوم ليك و يوم عليك
      yōm līk u yōm ʕalēk
      one day for you, and one day against you
    3. despite

    Inflection

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    Inflected forms of على
    Base form على (ʕala)
    Personal-pronoun-
    including forms
    singular plural
    m f
    1st person عَلَيّ (ʕalayya) علينا (ʕalēna)
    2nd person عليك (ʕalēk) عليكي (ʕalēki) عليكم (ʕalēkum)
    3rd person عليه (ʕalē) عليها (ʕalēha) عليهم (ʕalēhum)

    Moroccan Arabic

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    على (ʕla)

    1. on; upon; onto
    2. against
    3. expresses obligation

    Inflection

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    Inflected forms of على
    Base form على (ʕla)
    Personal-pronoun-
    including forms
    singular plural
    m f
    1st person علي (ʕliyya) علينا (ʕlīna)
    2nd person عليك (ʕlīk) عليك (ʕlīki) عليكم (ʕlīkum)
    3rd person عليه (ʕlīh) عليها (ʕlīha) عليهم (ʕlīhum)

    North Levantine Arabic

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

    Preposition

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    على (ʕala)

    1. on; upon; onto
    2. (by extension) with a hint of
    3. about (a topic)
    4. to (a place)
      عم نسافر ع بيروت
      ʕam nsāfir ʕa bayrūt
      We’re travelling to Beirut.
    5. Used with an adjective given the definite article, marking it as an adverb

    Usage notes

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    • The personal forms are built from the stem ʕlay- or ʕalay- as in عليكن (ʕ(a)laykun, on you).
    • Sense 2 is construed as "A على B"; literally, "A on B". A is the dominant element in such a construction, not B, even though this seems to conflict with a literal reading:
      1. بوظا على جوز
        būẓa ʕala jōz
        walnut-flavored ice cream, or ice cream with walnuts
        (literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)
      2. جوز على بوظا
        jōz ʕala būẓa
        ice-cream-flavored walnuts
        (literally, “walnuts on ice cream”)

    South Levantine Arabic

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    Root
    ع ل ي
    4 terms

    Etymology 1

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    From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

    Alternative forms

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    • عـ (ʕa-) (shortened form)

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    على (ʕala)

    1. to, toward
      Antonym: من (min)
      الختيار راح عالمستشفى.il-ḵityār rāḥ ʕal-mustašfaThe old man went to the hospital.
      إمّي دخلت عالبيت.
      ʔimmi daḵlat ʕal-bēt
      My mother went into the house.
      (literally, “My mother entered to the house.”)
      قدّيش دفعت عليه؟
      ʔaddēš dafaʕt ʕalēh
      How much did you pay for it?
      (literally, “How much did you pay toward it?”)
    2. (location) on, onto, over
      Synonym: فوق (fōʔ, above)
      حطّه عالطاولة.ḥoṭṭo ʕaṭ-ṭāwlePut it on the table.
    3. (time) at, on
      خلّينا نلتقي على ساعة ستّة.
      ḵallīna niltʔi ʕala sāʕa sitte
      Let's meet at six o'clock.
    4. (auxiliary) must, should
      Synonym: لازم (lāzem)
      قرّرنا نعمل اللي علينا ونتّكل على ربّنا.
      ʔarrarna niʕmil illi ʕalēna w nittakil ʕala rabbna
      We resolved to do what we must and trust in God.
      إلي عليك ألف شيكل.
      ʔili ʕalēk ʔalf šēkel
      You owe me one thousand shekels.
      (literally, “You must to me one thousand shekels.”)
    Inflection
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        Inflected forms of على
    Base form على (ʕala)
    Personal-pronoun-
    including forms
    singular plural
    m f
    1st person عليّ (ʕalayy) علينا (ʕalēna)
    2nd person عليك (ʕalēk) عليك (ʕalēki) عليكم (ʕalēkom)
    3rd person عليه (ʕalē) عليها (ʕalēha) عليهم (ʕalēhom)

    Etymology 2

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    From Arabic عَلَّى (ʕallā).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    علّى (ʕalla) II (present بعلّي (biʕalli))

    1. to raise (the volume, one's voice, etc.)
      Antonym: وطّى (waṭṭa)
    Conjugation
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        Conjugation of علّى (ʕalla)
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    past m علّيت (ʕallēt) علّيت (ʕallēt) علّى (ʕalla) علّينا (ʕallēna) علّيتو (ʕallētu) علّو (ʕallu)
    f علّيتي (ʕallēti) علّت (ʕallat)
    present m بعلّي (baʕalli) بتعلّي (bitʕalli) بعلّي (biʕalli) منعلّي (minʕalli) بتعلّو (bitʕallu) بعلّو (biʕallu)
    f بتعلّي (bitʕalli) بتعلّي (bitʕalli)
    subjunctive m اعلّي (aʕalli) تعلّي (tʕalli) يعلّي (yʕalli) نعلّي (nʕalli) تعلّو (tʕallu) يعلّو (yʕallu)
    f تعلّي (tʕalli) تعلّي (tʕalli)
    imperative m علّي (ʕalli) علّو (ʕallu)
    f علّي (ʕalli)