ء

See also: ۽, ٕ, ٔ, and ٴ

ء U+0621, ء ARABIC LETTER HAMZA ← ؠ [U+0620] Arabic آ → [U+0622]

Isolated form
ء

ﺀ U+FE80, ﺀ ARABIC LETTER HAMZA ISOLATED FORM ← ﹿ [U+FE7F] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺁ → [U+FE81]

Acehnese

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): /hamza/, [hamda]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): [ʔ]

Letter

ء (hamza or hamda)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Acehnese alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

• Arabic script letters: حرف (haraih, harah) (script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ ^[edit]

Arabic

Etymology

Most Arabic dialects early on lost the Proto-Semitic glottal stop, which caused compensatory lengthening of a preceding short vowel. At the beginning of the Islamic period only some of the most conservative lects preserved the consonant. Therefore it was not reflected in the spelling: One generally wrote and pronounced ذِيب (ḏīb, “wolf”), for example. The grammarians, however, favoured the conservative pronunciation and indicated the glottal stop with various diacritic marks, which ultimately led to the contemporary ذِئْب (ḏiʔb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

Letter

ء • (ʔ)

1. Hamza (ء) is a sign in the Arabic script that represents the glottal stop /ʔ/. It can be considered a diacritic or a letter, but it is not counted among the 28 letters of the alphabet. The exact spelling of the glottal stop depends on the combination of vowels that follow and precede it. It may be written with آ /ʔaː/, أ /ʔa/, /aʔ/, /ʔu/, إ /ʔi/, ئ /ʔi/, /iʔ/, ؤ /ʔu/, /uʔ/, or, usually after a long vowel, ء /ʔ/.

Usage notes

• The curious vowel-dependent spelling of ء means that the triptotic noun declension, which is normally not reflected in the spelling, may become visible before a pronominal suffix. Compare: أَصْدِقاؤُنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔunā, “our friends”, nominative), أَصْدِقائِنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔinā, genitive), أَصْدِقاءَنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔanā, accusative).

See also

• آ (ʔā), أ (ʔ), إ (ʔ), ؤ (ʔ), ئ (ʔ), ٱ
• Arabic alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Baluchi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/ (or silent)

Letter

ء • (’)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Baluchi alphabet, called ہمزہ (hamza) and written in the Arabic script.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Compare Persian و (o), Central Kurdish و (û), Pashto او (aw).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /‿o/, [‿ʊ]

Conjunction

ءُ • (u)

1. and

   من ءُ تؤ ― man u tau ― me and you

Etymology 2

Perhaps compare colloquial Dari ـه (-a).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa/ [ˈɐ]

Suffix

ءَ • ('a)

1. marks the dative case
2. marks the accusative case
3. marks the locative case

   لوگءَ ― log'a ― At home.

Etymology 3

Compare Mazanderani ◌ِ (-e).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈe̞~ˈɪ]

Suffix

ءِ • ('i)

1. marks the genitive case

   احمدءِ کچک

   Ahmad'i kucakk

   Ahmad's dog

Burushaski

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/, [ʔ]

Letter

ء (’)

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [hamzah]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): [(ʔ)], [ʔ]

Letter

ء

1. The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

• Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ ^[edit]

Old Ruthenian

Letter

ء • (ʼ) (Middle Belarusian Arabica)

1. A letter of the Old Ruthenian alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

• Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ث, ج, چ, ح, د, ࢮ, ر, ز, ژ, ش, ࢯ, ص, ض, ط, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي (خ, ذ, ڛ, س, ظ, ع, ء) ^[edit]

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ء (hamza).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ˈhem.ze/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʔ/

Letter

ء • (hemze)

1. The original form of the letter ا (Alif), which is the first letter in the Arabic alphabet and in the Abjad order.

Persian

Pronunciation

• (lettername):
  • (Classical Persian, Dari) IPA^(key): /hamza/
  • (Iran) IPA^(key): /hamze/
• (phonemes):
  • (Formal, all dialects) IPA^(key): [ʔ] or deleted.
  • (colloquial, Dari) IPA^(key): [ɑː], [oː], [eː], [w], [j] or deleted.

Letter

ء • (hamze)

1. همزه (hamze/hamza, “Hamza”) – a character representing a glottal stop. It is considered a letter but is not counted as part of the Persian alphabet.

See also

• أ
• إ
• ؤ
• ئ

Sindhi

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɦəm.zaː/, /ɦəm.zoː/

Letter

ء • () (no Devanagari equivalent, no Khudabadi equivalent)

1. The fifty-first letter of the Sindhi alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by ه and followed by ي (e).

See also

• Arabic script letters: اَکَرَ (akhara) (script appendix): ا, ب, ٻ, ڀ, ت, ٿ, ٽ, ٺ, ث, پ, ج, ڄ, جھ, ڃ, چ, ڇ, ح, خ, د, ڌ, ڏ, ڊ, ڍ, ذ, ر, ڙ, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ڦ, ق, ڪ, ک, گ, ڳ, گھ, ڱ, ل, م, ن, ڻ, و, ه, ء, ي ^[edit]

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɦəm.zɑ(ː)/
• (phoneme):
  • (predominate, above a vowel): silent
  • (above he): IPA^(key): /jɪ/, [je], [ji]
  • (independent, rare): IPA^(key): /ʔ/ or silent
    • Unlike other languages using the Arabic script, Urdu does not commonly use Hamza as a glottal stop. Its primary usage is to act as a zero consonant to allow two adjacent vowels; گاؤں (gāõ), for example, is pronounced /ɡɑː.õ/~[ɡɑ̃ːw] not /ɡɑː.ʔõ/.

Letter

ء • (') (no Devanagari equivalent)

1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet, called ہَمْزَہ (hamza, “Hamza”) and written in the Arabic script.

See also

• (Urdu letters containing a hamza) ئ, ؤ (o), ۂ (h-yi)

• Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (hurūf) (script appendix): ا (آ, أ, إ), ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, ں, ہ, ھ, و, ی, ے, ء (ئ, ؤ, هٔ, أ, إ), ◌ٰ ^[edit]