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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Adverb

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    *h₂ew[1][2][3][4]

    1. away from, off
    2. again

    Reconstruction notes

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    Dunkel separates the material into *aw (“away, off”)[5] and *h₂u (“besides; and, also”) (with full grade *h₂éw).[6]

    Derived terms

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    • *h₂ew-o[2]
      • Proto-Albanian: *awa-[7]
        • Albanian: v-
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwa (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂ew-ti[2][6]
      • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Proto-Italic: *auti (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂ew tó-[1]
    • *h₂ew-o-s[8][9][10]
    • *h₂ew-tyo-[11]
      • Proto-Germanic: *auþijaz (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
      • (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *autiom
    • *h₂éw ge[6]
      • Proto-Germanic: *auk (“also, furthermore”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *h₂u-nye/o-

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *au[3]
      • Old Prussian: au- (“out of”)
      • Latvian: au- (“out of”)
      • Lithuanian: au- (“out of”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *u (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *au[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: αὖ (aû)[1] (or from zero-grade *h₂u[6])
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: αὖτε (aûte, “again, on the other hand, on the contrary”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hu (< *h₂u)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hu
        • Sanskrit: उ (u)
    • Proto-Italic:

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αὖ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aut”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*aw”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
    5. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*au̯ 'weg, fort, ab'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 96-105
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Dunkel, George E. (2014), “2.*-h₂o 'dabei, dazu; und; auch'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 334-345
    7. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (2000), A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ovъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
    9. ^ Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014), Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎[2], Brill, →ISBN, page 75: “PIE *h₂eu̯-o-”
    10. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*au̯ó- 'jener'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 111-113
    11. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “auþja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43

    Further reading

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