aut

See also: AUT, Aut, aut', áut, and aut-

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin altus.

Adjective

aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auc, feminine plural autes)

1. high

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew. Cognate with autem, Ancient Greek αὖ (aû), αὖτε (aûte), αὐτός (autós), αὐτάρ (autár).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /au̯t/, [äu̯t̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /au̯t/, [äu̯t̪]

Conjunction

aut

1. or (exclusive or)
   • Aut Caesar aut nihil.

     All or nothing

     (literally, “Either a Caesar or a nothing.”)

   • Aut disce aut discēde.

     Either you learn, or go away.

   • Vulgate, Tobiae 3.19:

     […] et aut ego indigna fuī illīs aut illī mihi forsitan dignī nōn fuērunt.

     […] and either I was unworthy for them, or they perhaps were not worthy for me.

2. otherwise, or else (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false)

   Accipe nummōs nōnāgintā — aut nūllōs!

   Take 90 sesterces — or none at all!

3. Introduces a correction to the previous words or an afterthought remark.

Usage notes

• In the meaning (1) typically placed before each coordinated element (aut...aut...aut), equivalent to "either...or".
• Unlike vel, this word implies an exclusive "or"; i.e., one option or the other, but not both.

Descendants

• Aragonese: u
• Asturian: o
• Catalan: o
• Italian: o, od
• Ligurian: ò
• Occitan: o
• Old French: ou
  • French: ou
• Old Portuguese: ou
  • Galician: ou
  • Portuguese: ou
• Romanian: au
• Romansch: u
• Spanish: o, u
• → Esperanto: aŭ
• → Ido: od, o

References

• “aut”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aut”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• aut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
    
  • geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

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Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áutei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew-. Cognates include Lithuanian aũti, Proto-Slavic *uti (“to put on”) (> *jьzuti, *obuti), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn, decorate, lay (the table)”), Latin *uō (“to put on”) (> exuō, induō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [àwt]
• Audio (LV):

  (file)

Verb

aut (tr., 1st conj., pres. aunu, aun, aun / auju, auj, auj, past āvu)

1. put on footwear (shoes, boots, socks, etc.)

   zēns āva kājas ― the boy put on footwear (lit. on his feet)

   aut kājas pastalās ― to put on pastalas (simple footwear) (lit. to put one's feet into pastalas)

   aut kurpes kājas ― to put on shoes (lit. to put shoes on one's feet)

2. nosēdos uz akmens un gribēju aut kājas, bet kurpes bija ļoti sabristas — I sat down on a rock and wanted to put shoes on (lit. to put (my) feet (into shoes)), but the shoes were very wet

   Žanis āva kājās stulmeņu zābakus ― Žanis put the long boots on (his) feet

3. (figuratively, with kājas) to prepare for a journey (lit. to put on footwear)

   un tūliņ ķēniņš aun kājas savu sievu meklēt ― and quickly the king puts on footwear to go looking for his wife

Usage notes

Note that aut can take two complements, the footwear or the subject's feet. Either can be the direct object, in which case the other will be a locative complement (i.e., either "to put shoes on one's feet" or "to put one's feet into shoes").

Conjugation

conjugation of aut

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	aunu, auju	āvu	aušu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	aun, auj	āvi	ausi	aun
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	aun, auj	āva	aus	lai aun, auj
1st pers. pl.	mēs	aunam, aujam	āvām	ausim	ausim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	aunat, aujat	āvāt	ausiet, ausit	auniet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	aun, auj	āva	aus	lai aun, auj
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	aunot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		aunošs
Past	esot āvis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		audams
Future	aušot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		aunot
Imperative	lai aunot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		aunam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		āvis
Present	autu		Present Passive		aunams
Past	būtu āvis		Past Passive		auts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāaun		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		aut
Conjunctive 1	esot jāaun		Negative Infinitive		neaut
Conjunctive 2	jāaunot		Verbal noun		aušana

Synonyms

• tērpt
• vilkt

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• apaut
• ataut
• ieaut

• izaut
• noaut
• paaut

• pāraut
• saaut
• uzaut

other derived terms:

• auties

Related terms

• apavs
• aukla

References

• Derksen, Rick (2015), “auti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 73

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Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʉd/

Verb

aut

1. second-person singular imperfect indicative of mynet

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Occitan

Alternative forms

• naut

Etymology

From Latin altus.

Adjective

aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auts, feminine plural autas)

1. (Provençal) high

   Antonym: bas

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /awt/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -awt
• Syllabification: aut

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English out.

Noun

aut m inan

1. (sports) touch (the part of a field beyond the touchlines or goal lines)
2. (sports) the situation when the ball goes into touch

Declension

Declension of aut

	singular	plural
nominative	aut	auty
genitive	autu	autów
dative	autowi	autom
accusative	aut	auty
instrumental	autem	autami
locative	aucie	autach
vocative	aucie	auty

Derived terms

adjective

• autowy

 

verbs

• autować
• wyautować

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

aut

1. genitive plural of auto

Further reading

• aut in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• aut in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From English out.

Noun

aut n (plural auturi)

1. (soccer) ball out of play

Declension

Declension of aut

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) aut	autul	(niște) auturi	auturile
genitive/dative	(unui) aut	autului	(unor) auturi	auturilor
vocative	autule		auturilor

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Sursilvan) ault
• (Sutsilvan) òlt
• (Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) ot

Etymology

From Latin altus.

Adjective

aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auts, feminine plural autas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun) high

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From English out.

Noun

aut m (Cyrillic spelling аут)

1. (sports) sideline marking the edge of a playing field or court, out of bounds line, touchline
2. (sports) area outside the playing field; touch
3. (basketball) an instance of a player stepping out of bounds or a ball touching a player while out of bounds
4. (sports) a throw that puts the ball into play from the sidelines after it has gone out of bounds; throw-in