aut
Ladin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Adjective[edit]
aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auc, feminine plural autes)
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew. Cognate with autem, Ancient Greek αὖ (aû), αὖτε (aûte), αὐτός (autós), αὐτάρ (autár), Gothic *𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*auþs).
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
aut
- or (exclusive or)
- Marcus ludos videbit aut dormiet.
- Marcus will watch the games or sleep [but not both].
- Aut Caesar, aut nihil.
- Either Caesar or nothing (figuratively: all or nothing)
- Aut disce aut discede.
- Either learn or go away.
Usage notes[edit]
- This word is used in pairs (aut ... aut) to mean "either....or".
- Unlike vel, this word implies an exclusive "or"; i.e., one option or the other, but not both.
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- aut in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- aut in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- aut in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- geographical knowledge: regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ou-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew-. Cognates include Lithuanian aũti, Proto-Slavic *uti- (“to put on”) (> *jьzuti, *obuti), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn, decorate, lay (the table)”), Latin *uō (“to put on”) (> exuō, induō).
Pronunciation[edit]
(file) |
Verb[edit]
aut tr., 1st conj., pres. aunu, aun, aun / auju, auj, auj, past āvu
- put on footwear (shoes, boots, socks, etc.)
- zēns āva kājas ― the boy put on footwear (lit. on his feet)
- aut kājas pastalās ― to put on pastalas (simple footwear) (lit. to put one's feet into pastalas)
- aut kurpes kājas ― to put on shoes (lit. to put shoes on one's feet)
- nosēdos uz akmens un gribēju aut kājas, bet kurpes bija ļoti sabristas — I sat down on a rock and wanted to put shoes on (lit. to put (my) feet (into shoes)), but the shoes were very wet
- Žanis āva kājās stulmeņu zābakus ― Žanis put the long boots on (his) feet
- (figuratively, with kājas) to prepare for a journey (lit. to put on footwear)
- un tūliņ ķēniņš aun kājas savu sievu meklēt ― and quickly the king puts on footwear to go looking for his wife
Usage notes[edit]
Note that aut can take two complements, the footwear or the subject's feet. Either can be the direct object, in which case the other will be a locative complement (i.e., either "to put shoes on one's feet" or "to put one's feet into shoes").
Conjugation[edit]
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | aunu, auju | āvu | aušu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | aun, auj | āvi | ausi | aun |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | aunam, aujam | āvām | ausim | ausim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | aunat, aujat | āvāt | ausiet, ausit |
auniet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | aun, auj | āva | aus | lai aun, auj |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | aunot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | aunošs | ||
Past | esot āvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | audams | ||
Future | aušot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | aunot | ||
Imperative | lai aunot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | aunam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | āvis | |||
Present | autu | Present Passive | aunams | ||
Past | būtu āvis | Past Passive | auts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jāaun | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | aut | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jāaun | Negative Infinitive | neaut | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāaunot | Verbal noun | aušana |
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “auti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 73
Middle Welsh[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
aut
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
aut m inan
- (sports) touch (the part of a field beyond the touchlines or goal lines)
- (sports) the situation when the ball goes into touch
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- (adjective) autowy
Noun[edit]
aut
Further reading[edit]
- aut in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romansch[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Adjective[edit]
aut m (feminine singular auta, masculine plural auts, feminine plural autas)
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
aut m (Cyrillic spelling аут)
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin conjunctions
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with falling intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -aut
- Latvian n/v type (with lengthening) first conjugation verbs
- Middle Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Welsh non-lemma forms
- Middle Welsh verb forms
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- pl:Sports
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch adjectives
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from English
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Sports