Kazakh

See also: kazakh

English

Etymology 1

From Russian каза́х (kazáx), from Kazakh қазақ (qazaq). Cognate with Cossack, ultimately from Turkic languages.

Alternative forms

• Kazak, Qazaq, (archaic) Kaisak

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /kəˈzak/, /kəˈzɑːk/, /ˈkazak/
• (US) IPA^(key): /kəˈzɑk/, /kəˈzæk/, /ˈkæzæk/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːk

Noun

Kazakh (countable and uncountable, plural Kazakhs)

1. (countable) A person from Kazakhstan or of that descent.

   Synonym: Kazakhstani

2. (uncountable) The national language of Kazakhstan.

Translations

a person from Kazakhstan or of that descent

• Afrikaans: Kazak, Kazach
• Albanian: kazah m, kazak m
• Arabic: قَزَاقِيّ m (qazāqiyy), قَزَاقِيَّة f (qazāqiyya), قَزَاق pl (qazāq)
• Armenian: ղազախ (ġazax)
• Asturian: kazaquistanín (ast) m, kazakstanín (ast) m, kazaku (ast) m, kazaquistanina (ast) f, kazakstanina (ast) f, kazaka (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: qazax
• Bashkir: ҡаҙаҡ (qaźaq)
• Belarusian: каза́х m (kazáx), каза́шка f (kazáška)
• Bulgarian: каза́х (bg) m (kazáh)
• Catalan: kazakh (ca) m or f
• Chagatai: قزاق (qazāq /⁠qazaq⁠/)
• Chinese:

  Dungan: хазах (hazah)

  Mandarin: 哈薩克人 / 哈萨克人 (zh) (Hɑ̄sɑ̀kèrén)

• Czech: Kazach (cs) m, Kazaška (cs) f
• Danish: kasakher c
• Dutch: Kazak (nl) m
• Esperanto: kazaĥo
• Finnish: kazakki (fi)
• French: Kazakh (fr) m, Kazakhe (fr) f
• Georgian: ყაზახი (q̇azaxi)
• German: Kasache (de) m, Kasachin (de) f
• Greek: Καζάκος (el) m (Kazákos), Καζάκα (el) f (Kazáka)
• Hindi: कज़ाख़ (hi) m or f (kazāx)
• Hungarian: kazak (hu), kazah (hu)
• Irish: Casacach m
• Japanese: カザフ人 (kazafujin)
• Kabardian: казах (kbd) (kazax)
• Kalmyk: хасг (xasg)
• Kazakh:

  Cyrillic (since 1940): қазақ (kk) (qazaq)

  Eskı emle (before 1924): قزاق (qazāq /⁠qazaq⁠/)

  Jaña emle (since 1924): قازاق

  Latin (2021 and earlier proposals): qazaq

• Khakas: хазах (xazax)
• Kyrgyz: казак (ky) (kazak)
• Latvian: kazahs m, kazahiete f
• Lithuanian: kazachas (lt) m
• Manchu: ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ (hasak)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: казах (mn) (kazax), хасаг (mn) (xasag) (traditionally, also used to refer to a Cossack)

  Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ (qasag), ᠺᠠᠽᠠᠭ (kazag)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kasakhstaner (no) m

  Nynorsk: kasakhstanar (nn) m

• Ottoman Turkish: قزاق (Kazak)
• Persian: قزاق (fa) (qazzâq), کزاخ (kazâx)
• Polish: Kazach (pl) m, Kazaszka (pl) f
• Portuguese: cazaque (pt)
• Romanian: kazah (ro) m, kazahă (ro) f
• Russian: каза́х (ru) m (kazáx), каза́шка (ru) f (kazáška) (since 1936); каза́к (ru) m (kazák), каза́чка (ru) f (kazáčka) (1925–1936); кирги́з (ru) m (kirgíz), кирги́зка (ru) f (kirgízka), киргѝз-кайса́к m (kirgìz-kajsák), киргѝз-кайса́чка f (kirgìz-kajsáčka) (1734– 1925)
• Southern Altai: казак (kazak)
• Spanish: kazajo (es) m
• Swahili: Mkazaki (sw)
• Swedish: kazak (sv) c (ethnicity)
• Tajik: қазоқ (tg) (qazoq)
• Tatar: казакъ (tt) (qazaqʺ)
• Turkish: Kazak (tr)
• Turkmen: gazak
• Ukrainian: каза́х (uk) m (kazáx), каза́шка f (kazáška)
• Uyghur: قازاق (qazaq)
• Uzbek: qozoq (uz)

  Cyrillic: қозоқ (qozoq)

• Written Oirat: ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag)
• Xibe: ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡣ
  ᠨᡞᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ (hasak niyalma)
• Yakut: казах (kazaq)

a person from Kazakhstan — see Kazakhstani

language

• Afrikaans: Kazaks, Kazachs
• Arabic: قَزَاقِيَّة f (qazāqiyya)
• Armenian: ղազախերեն (hy) (ġazaxeren)
• Asturian: kazaquistanín (ast), kazakstanín (ast), kazaku (ast)
• Catalan: kazakh (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 哈薩克語 / 哈萨克语 (zh) (hāsàkèyǔ)

• Czech: kazaština (cs) f
• Danish: kasakhisk n
• Dutch: Kazachs (nl) n
• Esperanto: kazaĥo
• Finnish: kazakki (fi)
• French: kazakh (fr) m
• German: Kasachisch (de) n
• Greek: καζακικά (el) n pl (kazakiká)
• Hindi: कज़ाख़ (hi) f (kazāx)
• Hungarian: kazak (hu), kazah (hu)
• Irish: Casaicis f
• Italian: kazako (it) m
• Japanese: カザフ語 (ja) (kazafugo)
• Kabardian: казахыбзэ (kbd) (kazaxəbzɛ)
• Kazakh: қазақша (qazaqşa), қазақ тілі (qazaq tılı)
• Khmer: កាហ្សាក់ (kaazak)
• Korean: 카자흐어 (ko) (kajaheueo)
• Latvian: kazahu valoda f, kazahu
• Manchu: ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ
  ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (hasak gisun)
• Navajo: Kʼazah dineʼé bizaad
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kasakhisk (no) m

  Nynorsk: kasakhisk m

• Persian: قزاقی (qazâqi), کزاخی (kazâxi), زبان قزاقی (zabân-e qazâqi)
• Polish: kazachski (pl) m
• Portuguese: cazaque (pt) m
• Romanian: kazahă (ro) f
• Russian: каза́хский (ru) m (kazáxskij)
• Slovak: kazaština (sk) f
• Slovene: kazaščina f
• Swahili: Kikazaki
• Swedish: kazakiska (sv) c
• Tajik: қазоқӣ (tg) (qazoqi), забони қазоқӣ (zaboni qazoqi)
• Turkish: Kazakça (tr)
• Uyghur: قازاقچە (ug) (qazaqche)
• Uzbek: qozoqcha (uz), қозоқча (qozoqcha)
• Xibe: ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡣ
  ᡤᡞᠰᡠᠨ (hasak gisun)

Further reading

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Kazakh terms
• ISO 639-1 code kk, ISO 639-3 code kaz (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Kazakh, kaz ⁠

Adjective

Kazakh (comparative more Kazakh, superlative most Kazakh)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language.

   Synonym: Kazakhstani

   • 2010, Michael Fergus, Vitaliy Krotov, “Other cities”, in Kazakhstan: The Business Traveller’s Handbook (Gorilla Guides: Travel Handbooks for the Business Jungle), Northampton, Mass.: Interlink Travel, →ISBN, chapter 9 (Other Major Cities), page 159:

     Over 70% of the city population is reckoned to be Kazakh or Uzbek and only 15% Russian. Being much more Kazakh than Russian certainly gives Shymkent a less disciplined feel about it, and this has its good sides to it and its bad sides.

   • 2014 July 1, Frank Jacobs, “Welcome to Stanistan”, in Foreign Policy‎^[1], archived from the original on 3 August 2023:

     At a signing ceremony in the Kazakh capital, Astana, on May 29, the presidents of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan ratified the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) into existence. An EEU modeled on the European Union was first mooted back in 1994 by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, but took off only after his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, seized upon its potential as a Moscow-centered, Asia-oriented alternative to the EU.

Derived terms

• Kazakh dandelion
• Kazakhness

Translations

pertaining to the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language

• Afrikaans: Kazaks, Kazachs
• Albanian: kazah, kazak
• Arabic: كَازَاخِيّ (kāzāḵiyy)
• Armenian: ղազախական (hy) (ġazaxakan)
• Asturian: kazaquistanín (ast), kazakstanín (ast), kazaku (ast)
• Azerbaijani: qazax
• Bashkir: ҡаҙаҡ (qaźaq)
• Belarusian: каза́хскі (kazáxski), каза́скі (kazáski) (Taraškievica)
• Bengali: কাজাখ (bn) (kajakh)
• Bulgarian: каза́хски (kazáhski)
• Catalan: kazakh (ca)
• Chinese:

  Dungan: хазах (hazah)

  Mandarin: 哈薩克的 / 哈萨克的 (zh) (hāsàkè de)

• Czech: kazašský (cs)
• Danish: kasakhisk
• Dutch: Kazachs (nl)
• Esperanto: kazaĥa
• Estonian: kasahhi
• Finnish: kazakkilainen (fi)
• French: kazakh (fr)
• Georgian: ყაზახური (q̇azaxuri)
• German: kasachisch (de)
• Greek: καζακικός (kazakikós)
• Hindi: कज़ाख़ (kazāx)
• Hungarian: kazak (hu), kazah (hu)
• Irish: Casacach, Casaicise (language)
• Japanese: カザフの (kazafu no)
• Kabardian: казах (kbd) (kazax)
• Kazakh: қазақ (kk) (qazaq)
• Khmer: កាហ្សាក់ (kaazak)
• Korean: 카자흐의 (kajaheuui)
• Kyrgyz: казак (ky) (kazak)
• Latvian: kazahu, kazahisks
• Lithuanian: kazachų (lt), kazachiškas
• Macedonian: казашки (kazaški)
• Malay: Kazakh
• Mongolian: казах (mn) (kazax), хасаг (mn) (xasag)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kasakhstansk

  Nynorsk: kasakhstansk (nn)

• Pashto: قزاقي
• Persian: قزاقی (qazâqi), کزاخی (kazâxi)
• Polish: kazachski (pl)
• Portuguese: cazaque (pt)
• Romanian: kazah (ro)
• Russian: каза́хский (ru) (kazáxskij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: казашки

  Roman: kazaški (sh)

• Slovak: kazašský (sk)
• Slovene: kazaški
• Spanish: kazajo (es)
• Swedish: kazakisk (sv)
• Tajik: қазоқӣ (tg) (qazoqi)
• Tatar: казакъ (tt) (qazaqʺ)
• Turkish: Kazak (tr)
• Turkmen: gazak
• Ukrainian: каза́хський (uk) (kazáxsʹkyj)
• Urdu: قازق (qāzaq)
• Uyghur: قازاق (qazaq)
• Uzbek: qozoq (uz)

pertaining to the Kazakhstan — see Kazakhstani

Etymology 2

From Russian Каза́х (Kazáx).

Proper noun

Kazakh

1. Alternative form of Gazakh.

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “казак”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress