یل

See also: يل

Karakhanid

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl), Turkish yıl.

Noun

یل (yïl)

1. year

Old Anatolian Turkish

یل

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

Alternative forms

• ییل (yẹl, yil), ایل (ẹl)

Noun

یل • (yẹl) (definite accusative یلی (yẹli), plural یللر (yẹller))

1. wind, the real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure

   Synonym: روزكار (rüzgār)

2. fart, flatus, gas generated in the digestive tract or enviromental air swallowed while eating, expelled via the anus
3. (pathology) rheumatism, any disorder of the muscles, tendons, etc. characterized by pain, discomfort and disability

Derived terms

• یاوز یل (yavuz yel, “northeastern wind”)
• یل اغریسی (yẹl aġrısı, “pain of rheumatism”)
• یل اوتی (yẹl otı, “Acorus calamus”)
• یل اولچمك (yẹl ölçmek, “to fail”)
• یل ایقلو (yẹl ayaqlu, “one who runs swiftly”)
• یل بولمق (yẹl bulmaq, “to get air”)
• یل دوه‌سی (yẹl devesi, “a sort of camel”)
• یل طوتمق (yẹl ṭutmaq, “to ache”)
• یل قوان (yẹl qovan, “one who does things to no avail”)
• یل قومق (yẹl qovmaq, “to try to no avail”)
• یل یاتمق (yẹl yatmaq, “to calm down (for wind)”)
• یل یورمك (yẹl yörimek, “to blow”)
• یل یپرك (yẹl yeperek, “swiftly”)
• یلجكز (yẹlcügez, “breeze”)
• یلكم (yẹlegim, “windy”)
• یللمك (yẹllemek, “to encourage”)
• یللنمك (yẹllenmek, “to fart”)
• یللو (yẹllü, “(food) that causes fart”)
• یله اوچمق (yẹle uçmaq, “to be caught in the wind”)
• یله كتمك (yẹle gẹtmek, “to go to waste”)
• یله وارمق (yẹle varmaq, “to go to wasted”)
• یله ویرمك (yẹle vẹrmek, “to lose, to waste”)
• یله یاپشمق (yẹle yapışmaq, “to believe unjustifiably”)
• یلینك (yẹlling, “windy place”)

Related terms

• یلكن (yẹlken, “sail”)
• یلپزه (yẹlpeze, “fan, hand fan”)
• یلپیك (yẹlpik, “asthma”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: yel
• Gagauz: el
• Ottoman Turkish: یل (yel)
  • Turkish: yel
  • → Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

Further reading

• XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), volume VI, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1972, pages 4000-4005
• Kanar, Mehmet (2018), “yel”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 747
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “yel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yïl. Compare Uzbek yil, Uyghur يىل (yil), Kyrgyz жыл (jıl), Tatar ел (yıl), Chuvash ҫул (śul), Crimean Tatar yıl.

Alternative forms

• ییل (yıl), ایل (ıl)

Noun

یِلْ • (yıl) (definite accusative یلی (yılı), plural یللر (yıllar))

1. year, a period of time for Earth to complete a full cycle of seasons

   Synonym: سنه (sene)

   • 1330, Âşık Paşa, Garib-nâme:

     بُنْجَه یِلْ خَلْقِی كُتُورُبْ یُورِدٖی
     جُمْلَه خَلْقُكْ اَصْلٖی اَنْدَنْ'دُرِدٖي

     bunca yıl ḫelqi götürüb yöridi
     cümle ḫelqüŋ eṣli andan döridi

     for all these years he lived and managed all the people
     the root of all people emerged from him

Derived terms

• یل ارتغی (yıl artuġı, “more than a year”)
• یلغی (yılġı, “annual”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: il
• Gagauz: yıl
• Ottoman Turkish: ییل (yıl)
  • Turkish: yıl

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018), Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 753
• XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[2] (in Turkish), volume VI, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1972, page 4583
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “yıl”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 3

یلن اغاجه سورن ارسلان

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāl. Compare Turkmen ýal.

Alternative forms

• یال (yal), یلی (yalı, yeli)

Noun

یل • (yal or yel) (definite accusative یلی (yalı or yeli), plural یللر (yallar or yeller))

1. mane, longer hair growth on back of neck of an animal, especially a horse or lion

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: yal
• Gagauz: elä
• Ottoman Turkish: یله (yele)
  • Turkish: yele

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018), “yal”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 716
• XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

یل • (yel)

1. second-person singular imperative of یلمك (yelmek, “to run”)

Ottoman Turkish

یل

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish یل (yẹl), from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Azerbaijani yel, Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

Noun

یل • (yel) (definite accusative یلی (yeli), plural یللر (yeller))

1. wind, the real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure

   Synonyms: باد (bâd), روزكار (rüzgâr), ریح (rih)

2. fart, flatus, gas generated in the digestive tract or enviromental air swallowed while eating, expelled via the anus
3. (pathology) rheumatism, any disorder of the muscles, tendons, etc. characterized by pain, discomfort and disability

Derived terms

• قره یل (kara yel, “southern wind”)
• یل اسمك (yel esmek, “for the wind, to blow”)
• یل دكرمنی (yel değirmeni, “windmill”)
• یل قوغان (yel koğan, “shearwater”, literally “that pursues the wind”)
• یل یوتان (yel yutan, “alpine swift”)
• یل یپه‌رك (yel yeperek, “in a great hurry”)
• یللمك (yellemek, “to wind, to fan”)
• یللنمك (yellenmek, “to break wind”)
• یللو (yelli, “windy”)
• یله ویرمك (yele virmek, “to scatter to the winds”)

Related terms

• یلكن (yelken, “sail”)
• یلپازه (yelpaze, “fan, hand fan”)
• یلپیك (yelpik, “asthma”)

Descendants

• Turkish: yel
• → Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 883
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “yel1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5276
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “یل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[4], Vienna: F. Beck, page 509a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1355
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Ventus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1732
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “یل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 5596
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “yel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “یل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2207

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yl /⁠yal⁠/, “hero”), of unclear further etymology. Initial ya- cannot be directly inherited from Proto-Iranian. It is possibly a borrowing from Alanic or some other Northeastern Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (“Aryan, Iranian”), whence also ایران (irân, “Iran”). Compare Proto-Sarmatian *Allān (“of the Aryans”, genitive plural).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈjal/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [jäl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [jæl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

Readings
Classical reading?	yal
Dari reading?	yal
Iranian reading?	yal
Tajik reading?	yal

Noun

یل • (yal) (plural یلان (yalān / yalân), or یل‌ها (yal-hā / yal-hâ), Tajik spelling ял)

1. hero, great warrior

   Synonyms: قهرمان (qahramân), پهلوان (pahlavân)

   • c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين [Vīs u Rāmīn]‎^[9]:

     مهان نامی از هر شهر و کشور
     یلان جنگی از هر مرز و گوهر

     mihān-i nāmī az har šahr u kišwar
     yalān-i jangī az har marz u gawhar

     Renowned nobles from every city and kingdom,
     Warlike heroes from every borderland and bloodline.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

   • 1510s, Faẓlullāh Rōzbihān Khunjī, سلوک الملوک:

     با یکدیگر مصافی دادند بر لب کول
     هر دو جوان پرزور هر دو یل بهادر

     bā yakdīgar masāffē dādand bar lab-i kūl
     har du jawān-i pur-zōr har du yal-i bahādur

     They fought each other in battle on the banks of the Kūl,
     Both of them strong young men, both valiant heroes.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)