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earth

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Earth

English

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A view of Earth from space

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English erthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō (“dirt, ground, earth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁érteh₂ (“earth”).

Cognates

Cognate with Scots erd, yerd, yird, yirth (“earth, loam, mould, soil; ground”), Yola eard, eart, eord, eorth, erth (“earth”), North Frisian eerd, eerde, iarde, Iart, iir, jard, örd, Öört (“earth; world”), Saterland Frisian Idde, Äid, Äide (“earth; soil; ground”), West Frisian ierde (“earth; soil; ground”), Alemannic German Ëërde (“earth”), Bavarian Erd, Erdn (“world; soil; ground”), Central Franconian Ääd (“earth”), Cimbrian èerda (“earth”), Dutch aard, aarde (“earth”), German Erde (“earth; soil; ground; world”), German Low German Eer (“earth”), Limburgish eerd (“earth”), Luxembourgish Äerd (“earth; soil”), Vilamovian Ād (“earth”), Yiddish ערד (erd, “earth; soil”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish jord (“earth”), Faroese jørð (“earth”), Icelandic jörð (“earth”), Norn yurn (“the earth”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa, “earth”); also Latin ōra (“border, edge, rim”), Breton erv (“ridge between furrows”), Welsh erw (“acre”), Ancient Greek ἔραζε (éraze, “to the ground”), Lithuanian erdvė (“expanse, space”), Albanian varr, vorr (“grave”), Tocharian B āre (“dust, loose earth”), Sanskrit उर्वरा (urvarā, “fertile soil, field yielding crops”), Hittite 𒅕𒄩𒀸 (er-ḫa-aš /⁠erḫaš⁠/, “border, boundary, line”).

Probably unrelated, but of unknown etymology, is Old Armenian երկիր (erkir, “earth”). Likewise, the phonologically similar Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́- – whence Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), Hebrew אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) – is probably unrelated.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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earth

  2. Alternative letter-case form of Earth; our planet, third out from the Sun.
    The astronauts saw the earth from the porthole.

Usage notes

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  • The names of celestial bodies are usually capitalized (Earth), even when used with the.

Translations

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Noun

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Earth or soil (noun sense 1)

earth (countable and uncountable, plural earths)

  2. (uncountable) Soil.
    This is good earth for growing potatoes.
  3. (uncountable) Any general rock-based material.
    She sighed when the plane's wheels finally touched earth.
  4. The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea).
    Birds are of the sky, not of the earth.
    • 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
      Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
  6. (British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.
  7. The lair or den (as a hole in the ground) of an animal such as a fox.
  8. A region of the planet; a land or country.
  9. Worldly things, as against spiritual ones.
  10. The world of our current life (as opposed to heaven or an afterlife).
  11. (metonymic) The people on the globe.
  12. Any planet similar to the Earth (our earth): an exoplanet viewed as another earth, or a potential one.
    New space telescopes may accelerate the search for other earths that may be out there.
  13. (archaic) The human body.
  14. (alchemy, philosophy and Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.
  15. (chemistry, obsolete) Any of certain substances now known to be oxides of metal, which were distinguished by being infusible, and by insolubility in water.
    • 1846, unspecified, METALS, OXIDES, EARTHS AND ALKALIES‎[3]:
      The term Earths was formerly, and is still, but in a modified sense, applied to several substances which compose all the various rocks, stones, gems, mountains, and soils covering the face of the globe. They are tasteless, inodorous, dry, uninflamable, sparingly soluble, difficult of fusion, and of moderate specific gravity.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Verb

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earth (third-person singular simple present earths, present participle earthing, simple past and past participle earthed)

  1. (UK, transitive) To connect electrically to the earth.
    Synonym: ground
    That noise is because the amplifier is not properly earthed.
  2. (transitive) To bury.
  3. (transitive) To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den.
    • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act IV, page 48:
      […] the Fox is earth’d, […]
    • 1819, John Mayer, The Sportsman's Directory, or Park and Gamekeeper's Companion:
      This is the time that the horseman are flung out, not having the cry to lead them to the death. When quadruped animals of the venery or hunting kind are at rest, the stag is said to be harboured, the buck lodged, the fox kennelled, the badger earthed, the otter vented or watched, the hare formed, and the rabbit set.
  4. (intransitive) To burrow.

Derived terms

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Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 559: “Words which now have [əː] from early ModE ĕr, such as earth, earl, earn, and learn, have usually ĕr in the orthoepists, as in Hart, Bullokar, Robinson, Gil, and Hodges.”
  2. ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[2], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 644: “Earth has [Middle English] ę̄ in Levins, Hart, and Gil.”

Anagrams

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