Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/erþu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Noun

*erþu f

1. earth, world
2. earth, soil

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*erþu
Genitive	*erþā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erþu	*erþō
Accusative	*erþā	*erþā
Genitive	*erþā	*erþō
Dative	*erþē	*erþōm, *erþum
Instrumental	*erþu	*erþōm, *erþum

Alternative forms

• (weak declension) *erþā

Descendants

• Old English: eorþe, earþe — Northumbrian, iorþe — Kentish, eorþ, yrþ, eorðe, eorþo, eorþu, eorþæ, heorþe, heordæ, eorda, eordæ, eorða
  • Middle English: erthe, eerthe, eorthe, eorþe, ereth, erth, erþ, erþe, irthe, yrþe, orþe, ȝorthe, horþe, horðe, urþe, urthe, hurde, erde, earþe, erðe, eorðe, eorth, herðe (Early Middle English), oerþe, oerþ (Herebert)
    • English: earth; Earth
    • Middle Scots: erd, erde, ȝerd, ȝeird (influenced by erd)
      • Scots: erd, yerd, yird, yirth; Yird
    • Yola: erth, eart, eard, eord, eorth
• Old Frisian: erthe, erde, irthe
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr-Amrum: eerd

    Halligen: eerde, iarde

    Heligoland: iir

    Mooring: jard

    Sylt: Iart, Öört

    Wiedingharde: örd

  • Saterland Frisian: Äide, Idde, Äid
  • West Frisian: ierde
• Old Saxon: ertha, erda
  • Middle Low German: ērde
    • Low German: Erde
      • Dutch Low Saxon: eerde
      • German Low German: Eer, Eerd, Eerde, Ier, Ierd, Ierde
      • Westphalian:

        Lippisch: Eren (dative (as in up Eren) and genitive (as in in der Eren Grund))

        Ravensbergisch: Airn

        Sauerländisch: Ēre, Ere, Ǟre, Ēäre

        Westmünsterländisch: Eerde, Eere, Äärde, Ääre, Iärde

    • Plautdietsch: Ead, Ieed
• Old Dutch: ertha
  • Middle Dutch: erde
    • Dutch: aarde, aard
      • Afrikaans: aarde
      • Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
        • → Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
      • → Indonesian: arde
    • Limburgish: aerd, aerj
• Old High German: ërda, haerda
  • Middle High German: ërde
    • Alemannic German: Ëërde
    • Bavarian: Erd, Erdn
      • Cimbrian: èerda
    • Central Franconian: Ääd, Erd (Moselle Franconian), Äerd
      • Hunsrik: Äerd
      • Kölsch: Äd
      • Luxembourgish: Äerd
    • German: Erde
    • Rhine Franconian: Erd
      • Pennsylvania German: Erd, Aerd, Eaht
    • Vilamovian: Ād
    • Yiddish: ערד (erd)