ard

See also: ARD, àrd, ård, -ard, ard-, and 'ard

English

Wikipedia ^en

Etymology

20th-century borrowing from Norwegian ard ‎(“plough”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑːd/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d

Noun

ard ‎(plural ards)

1. A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil.

Translations

simple plough

• Finnish: aatra (fi)
• French: araire (fr) f

• German: Hakenpflug m
• Swedish: årder (sv) n
• Walloon: eraire (wa) f

Anagrams

• ADR
• DAR
• rad, RAD

---

Irish

Alternative forms

• arad (nonstandard)
• árd (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /æːɾˠd̪ˠ/

Etymology

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erHdʰwós, from *h₂erHdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Adjective

ard ‎(genitive singular masculine aird, genitive singular feminine airde, plural arda, comparative airde)

1. high, tall
2. loud
3. ambitious

Declension

Declension of ard

First Declension

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	ard	ard¹	arda³
Vocative	aird¹	ard¹	arda
Genitive	aird¹	airde	arda	ard
Dative	ard²	ard¹; (archaic) aird¹	arda³
Comparative	airde

¹ This form is lenited after a noun if possible.
² This form is lenited if possible when the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
³ This form is lenited if possible when the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• airde f ‎(“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
• ard- ‎(“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)

Noun

ard m ‎(genitive singular aird, nominative plural arda)

1. height, hillock
2. top, high part
3. elevation (of land)
4. head (of sand, clay)
5. rise
6. ascent

Declension

Declension of ard

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative ard arda Vocative a aird a arda Genitive aird ard Dative ard arda

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-ard na harda Genitive an aird na n-ard Dative leis an ard don ard leis na harda

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ard	n-ard	hard	t-ard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• "ard" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “1 ard” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
• “árd” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
• Franz Nikolaus Finck, 1899, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, 16.

---

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erHdʰwós, from *h₂erHdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Adjective

ard ‎(plural ardey, comparative yrjey)

1. high
2. tall

Noun

ard m ‎(genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. height, high place

Noun

ard m ‎(genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

1. compass point
2. pole

Derived terms

• ard-ard
• Ard y Jiass
• Ard y Twoaie
• bun-ard

References

• “1 ard” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

---

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ard/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erHdʰwós, from *h₂erHdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Adjective

ard

1. high

Noun

ard n, m ‎(?)

1. height

Descendants

• Irish: ard
• Manx: ard
• Scottish Gaelic: àrd

Etymology 2

Noun

ard f

1. dog collar

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ard	unchanged	n-ard
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• “1 ard” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
• “2 ard” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

---

Romanian

Verb

ard

1. first-person singular present tense form of arde.
2. first-person singular subjunctive form of arde.
3. third-person plural present tense form of arde.