rad

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rad"

㎭ U+33AD, ㎭ SQUARE RAD ← ㎬ [U+33AC] CJK Compatibility ㎮ → [U+33AE]

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ɹæd/

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

rad (comparative radder, superlative raddest)

1. (slang, dated) Clipping of radical; excellent

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:awesome, Thesaurus:excellent

   • 2002, Brent Goldberg, David Wagner, Van Wilder (motion picture), spoken by Wasted Guy (Aaron Paul):

     In the Guinness Book of World-fucking-Records, man… under "Raddest Fucking Dude Alive"!

   • 2011, Diablo Cody, Young Adult (motion picture), spoken by Wheelchair Mike (John Forest):

     What is up, girly-friend? Holy shit, cuz. This is such a rad surprise.

Derived terms

• k-rad

Translations

short for radical; excellent

• Armenian: գժական (gžakan)
• German: krass (de), irre (de), bombig (de)
• Russian: клёвый (ru) (kljóvyj), чумовой (ru) (čumovoj)

Noun

rad (plural rads)

1. (metrology) A non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.

   Synonym: (abbreviation) rd

   Coordinate term: gray

2. A political radical.
   • 1991 April 19, Penny Arcade, “The Real Thing”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

     The women who work in it with me are all feminists, they're all rads, two of them are black belts in karate...I mean, they're major women.

3. Abbreviation of radian.
4. (automotive, plumbing, slang) Abbreviation of radiator.
5. (firearms, slang) Abbreviation of sight radius.

Derived terms

• rad-hard

See also

• deg
• grad
• mil

Anagrams

• 'ard, -ard, -dar, ADR, ARD, Ard, DAR, DRA, Dar, Dra, RDA, ard, dar

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rǫð, from Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”). Cognate with Norwegian rad and Swedish rad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʁɑð]

Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rader)

1. row
2. line
3. string
4. tier

Inflection

Declension of rad

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rad	raden	rader	raderne
genitive	rads	radens	raders	radernes

Synonyms

• geled n
• række c

Derived terms

• rad og række

References

• “rad,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

Maybe the same word as the first one. However, Norwegian radd (“person”) speaks against this possibility.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʁɑð]

Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rade)

1. (obsolete) skeleton, carcass
   • 1807, Jens Baggesen, Nye blandede Digte, p. 358.

     Hans Legem blev en Rad af Been, | Hvorpaa et Dødninghoved green. ("His body became a carcass of bones, on which a skull was grinning.")

   • 1855, Poul Møller, Efterladte Skrifter, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 35

     Hans Krop ... | Den bad de Høgen pille, | Saa Raden blev til Rest. ("They let the hawk pick his body so that the skeleton was left.")

2. (rare) person
   • 2018, Mette Fog Pedersen, Lys og skygge: Betragtninger fra en sygeseng, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     I den Mygindske familie var der mindst lige så megen livfuldhed som på Store Hovgård. Den gamle Mygind var en lun rad, fuld af festlige historier og næsten altid omgivet af sine store hunde. Disse havde en meget familiær stilling i huset.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2017, Knud Andersen, Den blinde ørn, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     ... tændt og skridtede frem og tilbage paa Halvdækket, sagde Hovgaard: „ Skipperen er en fin Navigatør, en første Klasses Sømand og sejler hende som en Jolle. Ham kan du lære noget af. Han er en lun Rad og „large“, selv om han er religiøs.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1887, Gerhard Holm, Den Danske konebaads-expedition til Grøonlands øostkyst:

     Morten, der snart viste sig at være en lun Rad, var heller ikke fri for at kure til Marie, naar de sad og plukkede Ryper eller Edderfugle sammen ude i Kjøkkenet, eller naar Morten havde Ordre fra Johanne til at staa og røre i Gryderne, medens  ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1906, Dansk tidsskrift:

     Den, der paa Landet bliver en , lun Rad", en ,,tør" Bider, vilde i Byen blive en Spilopmager, der ikke vejer sine Udfald saa nøje, ikke tænker meget paa Følgerne, eller en ondskabsfuld Bagtaler.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Inflection

Declension of rad

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rad	raden	rade	radene
genitive	rads	radens	rades	radenes

Derived terms

• radmager
• rygrad

References

• “rad,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “rad,3” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 3

From English rad, abbreviated from radiation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʁɑˀð]

Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rad)

1. rad (a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray)

Inflection

Declension of rad

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rad	raden	rad	radene
genitive	rads	radens	rads	radenes

References

• “rad,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑt/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑt
• Homophone: rat

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rat, from Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.

Noun

rad n (plural raderen or (obsolete) raden, diminutive raadje n or radje n or radertje n)

1. wheel

   Synonym: wiel

   het rad van fortuin ― the wheel of fortune

Usage notes

• Standard Dutch prefers wiel, though less so for stationary wheels, where both words are usual. In certain compounds only rad is common.

Derived terms

• molenrad
• radbraken
• raddraaier
• raderboot
• raderschip
• raderwerk
• radlijn
• radslag
• reuzenrad
• schoepenrad
• tandrad
• waterrad

 

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: rat, rad

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rat, from Old Dutch *rath, *rad, from Proto-West Germanic *hraþ, *hrad, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz, *hraþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.

Adjective

rad (comparative radder, superlative radst)

1. quick, swift

   Synonyms: rap, snel, vlug, kwiek, gezwind, ras

   Zij is rad van tong.

   She has a sharp tongue.

   • 2002, Feeks mist radde tong, in De Standaard online, [1]

     Bitch is missing sharp tongue

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Inflection

Inflection of rad
uninflected	rad
inflected	radde
comparative	radder
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		rad	radder	het radst het radste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	radde	raddere	radste
	n. sing.	rad	radder	radste
	plural	radde	raddere	radste
definite		radde	raddere	radste
partitive		rads	radders	—

Anagrams

• dar

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣad/

Noun

rad

1. clothes

Synonyms

• abi
• lenj

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrat]
• Hyphenation: rad

Etymology 1

Noun

rad (first-person possessive radku, second-person possessive radmu, third-person possessive radnya)

1. (metrology) rad, a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.

Etymology 2

From Dutch raad (“council”), from Middle Dutch râet, from Old Dutch rāt, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.

Noun

rad (first-person possessive radku, second-person possessive radmu, third-person possessive radnya)

1. (archaic) court.

   Synonyms: dewan, majelis

Further reading

• “rad” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Noun

rad m (invariable)

1. (physics) rad (unit)
2. (mathematics) radian

Anagrams

• dar

Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• rady

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *radъ (“glad”). Cognates include Upper Sorbian rad, Polish rad, Czech rád, Old Church Slavonic радъ (radŭ), and Russian рад (rad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rat/

Predicative

rad (feminine rada, neuter rado, dual radej, plural raźi)

1. happy/happily, glad/gladly

   To ja rad/rady cynim.

   I’m happy to do that. (male speaker)

   Mója žeńska to rada/rad/rady scyni.

   My wife will be happy to do that.

   Našo góle tam rado/rad/rady doženjo.

   Our child will be happy to go there.

   Tam woni raźi/rad/rady njechojźe.

   They don’t like going there.

Usage notes

The feminine, neuter, dual, and plural forms may optionally be used in agreement with the subject of the verb, or rad or rady may be used invariably.

Middle English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rad/, /raːd/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English hræd, from Proto-West Germanic *hrad, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz. Compare rathe.

Alternative forms

• radde, rade
• red, ræd (Early Middle English)

Adjective

rad (plural and weak singular rade, comparative raddere, superlative raddest)

1. quick, fast, speedy
2. rash, hasty, angry
3. eager

Descendants

• Scots: redd, red

References

• “rad(e, adj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

Adverb

rad

1. quickly, speedily

Descendants

• Scots: redd, red

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hræddr, past participle of hræða (“to frighten”).

Alternative forms

• raadd, radde, rade, redde

Adjective

rad

1. afraid, scared, terrified, fearful

Descendants

• Scots: rad, radd, red, redd, rede

References

• “rad(e, adj.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːd/, /raː/

Etymology

From Old Norse rǫð.

Noun

rad f or m (definite singular rada or raden, indefinite plural rader, definite plural radene)

1. a row
2. (chess) rank

Derived terms

• på rad
• ryggrad

References

• “rad” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [raːd], [raː], [ʁaːd], [ʁaː], [ɾaːd], [ɾaː]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rǫð.

Noun

rad f (definite singular rada, indefinite plural rader, definite plural radene)

1. a row

Derived terms

• på rad
• ryggrad

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hraðr, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz.

Adjective

rad (neuter radt, definite singular and plural rade, comparative radare, indefinite superlative radast, definite superlative radaste)

1. fast
2. straight

Derived terms

• radig

References

• “rad” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːd/

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *raidu. Cognate with Old Norse reið.

Noun

rād f

1. journey, ride
2. raid, expedition
3. the runic character ᚱ (/r/)

Declension

Declension of rad (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	rād	rāda, rāde
accusative	rāde	rāda, rāde
genitive	rāde	rāda
dative	rāde	rādum

Derived terms

• hranrād

Descendants

• Middle English: rode, rade, rod, rood, roode
  • English: road
  • Scots: raid
    • → English: raid, rade
      • → Spanish: raid
      • → French: raid
      • → Italian: raid
      • → Polish: rajd
      • → Romanian: raid
      • → Swedish: räd
  • → Old French: *rade
    • Middle French: rade
      • French: rade
        • → Catalan: rada
        • → Italian: rada
        • → Spanish: rada

Etymology 2

See ridan.

Verb

rād

1. first/third-person singular preterite of ridan

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós. Cognates include Old English rēad, Old Saxon rōd and Old Dutch rōt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈraːd/

Adjective

rād

1. red

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: ruad

  Goesharde: ruud

  Halligen: ruad

  Heligoland: rooad

  Mooring: rüüdj

  Sylt: ruar

  Wiedingharde: ruuid

• Saterland Frisian: rood
• West Frisian: read

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hrad, wheseence also Old English hræþ, Old Norse hraðr.

Adjective

rad

1. fast

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, akin to Latin rota.

Noun

rad n

1. wheel

Descendants

• German: Rad
• Yiddish: ראָד (rod)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rat/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: rad

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *radъ.

Adjective

rad (comparative bardziej rad, superlative najbardziej rad, no derived adverb)

1. (dated) glad (pleased, happy, satisfied)

Usage notes

• All forms except the nominative are obsolete.

Declension

Declension of rad (hard)

singular					plural
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter	virile (= masculine personal)	non-virile
nominative	rad		rada	rade	radzi	rade
genitive	radego		radej	radego	radych
dative	rademu		radej	rademu	radym
accusative	radego	rad	radą	rade	radych	rade
instrumental	radym		radą	radym	radymi
locative	radym		radej	radym	radych

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from New Latin radium.

Noun

Chemical element
Ra
Previous: frans (Fr)
Next: aktyn (Ac)

rad m inan

1. (chemistry) radium (chemical element with an atomic number of 88)

Declension

Declension of rad

	singular
nominative	rad
genitive	radu
dative	radowi
accusative	rad
instrumental	radem
locative	radzie
vocative	radzie

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English rad.

Noun

rad m inan

1. rad (unit of absorbed radiation dose)

Declension

Declension of rad

	singular	plural
nominative	rad	rady
genitive	rada	radów
dative	radowi	radom
accusative	rad	rady
instrumental	radem	radami
locative	radzie	radach
vocative	radzie	rady

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

rad m inan

1. Abbreviation of radian.

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

rad f

1. genitive plural of rada

Further reading

• rad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “rad”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rad]

Verb

rad

1. inflection of rade:
   1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. third-person plural present indicative

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *radъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râd/

Adjective

rȁd (comparative ràdijī, Cyrillic spelling ра̏д)

1. willing

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rad	rada	rado
genitive		rada	rade	rada
dative		radu	radoj	radu
accusative	inanimate animate	rad rada	radu	rado
vocative		rad	rada	rado
locative		radu	radoj	radu
instrumental		radim	radom	radim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		radi	rade	rada
genitive		radih	radih	radih
dative		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)
accusative		rade	rade	rada
vocative		radi	rade	rada
locative		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)
instrumental		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		radi	rada	rado
genitive		radog(a)	rade	radog(a)
dative		radom(u/e)	radoj	radom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	radi radog(a)	radu	rado
vocative		radi	rada	rado
locative		radom(e/u)	radoj	radom(e/u)
instrumental		radim	radom	radim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		radi	rade	rada
genitive		radih	radih	radih
dative		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)
accusative		rade	rade	rada
vocative		radi	rade	rada
locative		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)
instrumental		radim(a)	radim(a)	radim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		radiji	radija	radije
genitive		radijeg(a)	radije	radijeg(a)
dative		radijem(u)	radijoj	radijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	radiji radijeg(a)	radiju	radije
vocative		radiji	radija	radije
locative		radijem(u)	radijoj	radijem(u)
instrumental		radijim	radijom	radijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		radiji	radije	radija
genitive		radijih	radijih	radijih
dative		radijim(a)	radijim(a)	radijim(a)
accusative		radije	radije	radija
vocative		radiji	radije	radija
locative		radijim(a)	radijim(a)	radijim(a)
instrumental		radijim(a)	radijim(a)	radijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najradiji	najradija	najradije
genitive		najradijeg(a)	najradije	najradijeg(a)
dative		najradijem(u)	najradijoj	najradijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najradiji najradijeg(a)	najradiju	najradije
vocative		najradiji	najradija	najradije
locative		najradijem(u)	najradijoj	najradijem(u)
instrumental		najradijim	najradijom	najradijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najradiji	najradije	najradija
genitive		najradijih	najradijih	najradijih
dative		najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)
accusative		najradije	najradije	najradija
vocative		najradiji	najradije	najradija
locative		najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)
instrumental		najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)	najradijim(a)

Etymology 2

From ráditi (“to work”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːd/

Noun

rȃd m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑д)

1. work

Declension

Declension of rad

	singular	plural
nominative	rȃd	rȁdovi
genitive	rada	rȁdōvā
dative	radu	radovima
accusative	rad	radove
vocative	radu	radovi
locative	rádu	radovima
instrumental	radom	radovima

Etymology 3

From English rad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːd/

Noun

rȃd m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑д)

1. rad (unit of absorbed dose of radiation)

Declension

Declension of rad

	singular	plural
nominative	rad	radi
genitive	rada	rada
dative	radu	radima
accusative	rad	rade
vocative	rade	radi
locative	radu	radima
instrumental	radom	radima

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrat/

Noun

rad m inan (genitive singular radu, nominative plural rady, genitive plural radov, declension pattern of dub)

1. row
2. (chess) rank

Declension

Declension of rad

	singular	plural
nominative	rad	rady
genitive	radu	radov
dative	radu	radom
accusative	rad	rady
locative	rade	radoch
instrumental	radom	radmi

References

• “rad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *radъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rát/

Adjective

rȁd (comparative rȃjši, superlative nȁjrȃjši)

1. liking or preferring something, having a positive attitude towards something

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ráːt/

Noun

rȃd m inan

1. (dated) gladness

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nominative	rád
genitive	ráda
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rád
genitive (rodȋlnik)	—
dative (dajȃlnik)	—
accusative (tožȋlnik)	—
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rádu
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rádom

Further reading

• “rad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rǫð, from Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”).

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːd

Noun

rad ?

1. Abbreviation of radian.

Noun

rad c

1. A row; a line of entries in a table, or a line of objects
2. A single horizontal row of text on a CRT screen, printed paper, etc.
3. A line in a screenplay
4. (colloquial) A (short) written letter(Can we add an example for this sense?)
5. (chess) rank

Declension

Declension of rad
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	rad	raden	rader	raderna
Genitive	rads	radens	raders	radernas

Synonyms

• (line in screenplay): replik

Anagrams

• dar, dra

Veps

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian страда (strada). Related to Livvi ruado and Ludian ruad.

Noun

rad

1. work, labor, toil
2. event

Declension

Inflection of rad (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	rad
genitive sing.	radon
partitive sing.	radod
partitive plur.	radoid
	singular	plural
nominative	rad	radod
accusative	radon	radod
genitive	radon	radoiden
partitive	radod	radoid
essive-instructive	radon	radoin
translative	radoks	radoikš
inessive	rados	radoiš
elative	radospäi	radoišpäi
illative	radoho	radoihe
adessive	radol	radoil
ablative	radolpäi	radoilpäi
allative	radole	radoile
abessive	radota	radoita
comitative	radonke	radoidenke
prolative	radodme	radoidme
approximative I	radonno	radoidenno
approximative II	radonnoks	radoidennoks
egressive	radonnopäi	radoidennopäi
terminative I	radohosai	radoihesai
terminative II	radolesai	radoilesai
terminative III	radossai	—
additive I	radohopäi	radoihepäi
additive II	radolepäi	radoilepäi

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːd/

Adjective

rad

1. Soft mutation of rhad.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
rhad	rad	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.