labor

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See also: Labor

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms[edit]

  • labour (non-American spelling)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈleɪ.bɚ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪbə(ɹ)

Noun[edit]

labor (countable and uncountable, plural labors)

  1. (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of labour

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from labor (noun)

Related terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

labor (third-person singular simple present labors, present participle laboring, simple past and past participle labored)

  1. US standard spelling of labour.

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin labor.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

labor m (plural labors)

  1. labour, work

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from German Labor.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈlɒbor]
  • Hyphenation: la‧bor

Noun[edit]

labor (plural laborok)

  1. (informal) laboratory
    Synonym: laboratórium

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative labor laborok
accusative labort laborokat
dative labornak laboroknak
instrumental laborral laborokkal
causal-final laborért laborokért
translative laborrá laborokká
terminative laborig laborokig
essive-formal laborként laborokként
essive-modal — —
inessive laborban laborokban
superessive laboron laborokon
adessive labornál laboroknál
illative laborba laborokba
sublative laborra laborokra
allative laborhoz laborokhoz
elative laborból laborokból
delative laborról laborokról
ablative labortól laboroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		laboré laboroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		laboréi laborokéi
Possessive forms of labor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. laborom laborjaim
2nd person sing. laborod laborjaid
3rd person sing. laborja laborjai
1st person plural laborunk laborjaink
2nd person plural laborotok laborjaitok
3rd person plural laborjuk laborjaik

References[edit]

  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”)[1] (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative.[2] The semantic connection is weak in either case.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

labor m (genitive labōris); third declension

  2. work
  3. labor, toil, exertion
    Synonyms: cōnātus, studium, opus, opera, cūra, intēnsiō, mōlēs, pulvis
    • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.641-642:
      rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,
      inrita dēceptī vōta colentīs erant
      When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,
      prayers were ineffective, the farmer deceived
  4. (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress
    • Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 28:
      Labore operis incitati
      Incited by the fatigue of the work
    • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.384-385:
      et mediae tempora noctis erant, iam ducibus somnum dederat labor
      It was midnight, and by now their fatigue had given the leaders sleep.
  5. illness
    Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
    Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
  6. the pain accompanying childbirth, labor
Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative labor labōrēs
Genitive labōris labōrum
Dative labōrī labōribus
Accusative labōrem labōrēs
Ablative labōre labōribus
Vocative labor labōrēs
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”). Cognate with labō, English sleep.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent

  2. to slip, slide, glide
  3. to fall, sink down
  4. to slip, stumble
  5. to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape
    Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
    • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.771-772:
      Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,
      et fugiunt frēnō nōn remorante diēs.
      Times pass away, and with years unnoticed we grow old, and days flee with no bridle holding [them] back.
  7. to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault
    Synonyms: dēlinquō, errō, committō, offendō
Conjugation[edit]

This verb takes the future passive participle lābundus instead of *lābendus.

   Conjugation of lābor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lābor lāberis,
lābere 		lābitur lābimur lābiminī lābuntur
imperfect lābēbar lābēbāris,
lābēbāre 		lābēbātur lābēbāmur lābēbāminī lābēbantur
future lābar lābēris,
lābēre 		lābētur lābēmur lābēminī lābentur
perfect lāpsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect lāpsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lābar lābāris,
lābāre 		lābātur lābāmur lābāminī lābantur
imperfect lāberer lāberēris,
lāberēre 		lāberētur lāberēmur lāberēminī lāberentur
perfect lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — lābere — — lābiminī —
future — lābitor lābitor — — lābuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives lābī lāpsum esse lāpsūrum esse — — —
participles lābēns lāpsus lāpsūrus — — lābendus,
lābundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
lābendī lābendō lābendum lābendō lāpsum lāpsū
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • labor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
    • the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
    • to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
    • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    • to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4)
    • capable of exertion: patiens laboris
    • lazy: fugiens laboris
    • to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
    • to make a slip of the memory: memoriā labi
    • to make a mistake in writing: labi in scribendo
    • immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
    • (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
    • (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
  • labor in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

References[edit]

  1. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “labor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320

Anagrams[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin labōrem.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /laˈboɾ/ [laˈβ̞oɾ]
  • Rhymes: -oɾ
  • Syllabification: la‧bor

Noun[edit]

labor f (plural labores)

  1. labor
  2. job, task, chore
    Synonyms: tarea, quehacer
  3. work, effort
    Synonyms: trabajo, obra
  4. needlework, embroidery
    Synonyms: costura, bordado

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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