esse

See also: Esse, êsse, essē, -esse, and -êsse

Corsican

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *essere, from Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum.

Verb

esse

1. To be.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)

infinitive			esse
gerund			essendu
past participle			statu
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eiu	tu	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sò	sì, sè	hè	simu, semu, semi	site, sete, seti	sò
	imperfect	era, eru	eri	era	eramu, erami	erate, erati	eranu, erani
	simple past	fubbi	fusti	fubbe	fubbimu	fuste	fubbenu
	future	seraghju	serai	serà	seremu	serete	seramu
subjunctive		eiu	tu	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sia, sii	sia, sie, sii	sia, sii	siamu, siami	siate, siati	sianu, siani
	imperfect	fussi	fussi	fussi, fusse	fussimu, fussimi	fussite, fussiti	fussinu, fussini
conditional		eiu	tu	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	seria	serii	seria	seriamu	seriate	serianu
imperative		–	tu	–	noi	voi	–
		—	sia	—	siamu	siate	—

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Noun

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

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German

Verb

esse

1. inflection of essen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. first-person and third-person singular present subjunctive

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Ingrian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish este.

Noun

esse

1. obstacle

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Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/, [ˈɛs̪ːe]
• Rhymes: -ɛsse

• Audio

  (file)

• Stress: èsse
• Hyphenation: es‧se

Noun

esse f, m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.; ess

Derived terms

• esse lunga

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈes̪ːe]
• Rhymes: -esse
• Stress: ésse
• Hyphenation: es‧se

Pronoun

esse f pl

1. plural of essa; they, them (female)

   Synonyms: loro

See also

Italian personal pronouns (alternate)

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Genitive	Disjunctive
Singular	third	m	esso1, egli, elli3	si, s'	lo, l'	gli	vi, v'	ne, n'	esso, sé
		f	essa, ella, Ella2		la, l'	le, ella3			essa, sé
Plural	third	m	essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3	si, s'	li	loro	vi, v'	ne, n'	essi, sé
		f	esse, elle3, elleno3		le				esse, elle,3 sé
1	Refers predominantly to non-humans.
2	Highly elevated variant of Lei.
3	Archaic.

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Latin

Etymology 1

Form of the verb sum (“[I] am; [I] exist”); from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛs.sɛ]

Verb

esse

1. present infinitive of sum

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeːs.se/, [ˈeːs.sɛ]

Verb

ēsse

1. present active infinitive of edō

References

• esse in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• esse in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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Neapolitan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *essere, from Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛssɐ/

Verb

esse

1. to be

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• essi
• eissi

Pronoun

esse

1. third-person singular feminine of as

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Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

Verb

esse

1. to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of esse

infinitive	esse
past participle	hot gesse
future tense	waerd esse
subjunctive	daet esse
	present tense
1st person singular	ess
2nd person singular	esscht
3rd person singular	esst
1st person  plural	esse
2nd person plural	esset
3rd person plural	esse
imperative	ess

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Piedmontese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *essere, from Latin esse, present active infinitive of sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ese/

Verb

esse

1. to be

Conjugation

infinitive	esse
present gerundive	essend
past participle	stàit

	Present indicative	Past indicative	Future indicative	Present subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Present Conditional
First-person singular	i son	i j'era	i sarai	i sia	i fussa	i sarìa
Second-person singular	it ses	it j'ere	it saras	it sie	it fusse	it sarìe
Third-person singular	a l'é	a l'era	a sarà	a sia	a fussa	a sarìa
First-person plural	i soma	i j'ero	i saroma	i sio	i fusso	i sarìo
Second-person plural	i seve	i j'ere	i sareve	i sie	i fusse	i sarìe
Third-person plural	a son	a j'ero	i saran	a sio	a fusso	a sarìo

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Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Alternative forms

• êsse (superseded)

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈe.sɨ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe.si/
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe.se/

Pronoun

esse m (feminine essa, plural esses, feminine plural essas)

1. that (near you)

   Esse chapéu está limpo?

   Is that hat clean?

2. that; this (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)

   Esse é o segredo para vencer.

   This is the secret to winning.

3. (Brazil) this (near me)

   Esse livro é muito bom.

   This book is very good.

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:esse.

Synonyms

• (near me): este

See also

Portuguese demonstratives (edit)
		Pronouns					Adverbs
		Singular		Plural		Neuter
		Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Proximal	X	este	esta	estes	estas	isto	aqui, cá
	de + X	deste	desta	destes	destas	disto	daqui
	em + X	neste	nesta	nestes	nestas	nisto	—
Medial	X	esse	essa	esses	essas	isso	aí
	de + X	desse	dessa	desses	dessas	disso	daí
	em + X	nesse	nessa	nesses	nessas	nisso	—
Distal	X	aquele	aquela	aqueles	aquelas	aquilo	ali, lá
	de + X	daquele	daquela	daqueles	daquelas	daquilo	dali
	em + X	naquele	naquela	naqueles	naquelas	naquilo	—
	a + X	àquele	àquela	àqueles	àquelas	àquilo
Anaphoric	X	o	a	os	as	—	—

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.sɨ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.si/
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.se/

Noun

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
2. something shaped like the letter S

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:esse.