esse

See also: Esse, êsse, essē, ésse, -esse, -êsse, and èsse

Afrikaans

Noun

esse

1. plural of es

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Corsican

Alternative forms

• essa (Ultramontane)

Etymology

From Latin esse, from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognates include Italian essere and French être.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/
• Hyphenation: es‧se

Verb

esse (Cismontane)

1. (copulative) to be
2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

Conjugation

    Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)

infinitive			esse
present participle			issendu
past participle			statu
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eiu	tù	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sò	sì	hè, ghjè	simu	site	sò
	imperfect	era	eri	era	eramu	erate	eranu
	simple past	fubbi, fui	fusti	fubbe, fù	fubbimu, fuimu	fuste	fubbenu
	future	seraghju	serai, serè	serà	seremu	serete	seranu
subjunctive		eiu	tù	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	sia	sia	sia	siamu	siate	sianu
	imperfect	fussi	fussi	fussi	fussimu	fussite	fussinu
conditional		eiu	tù	ellu/ella	noi	voi	elli/elle
	present	seria, serebbi	serii, seresti, seristi	seria, serebbe	seriamu, serebbimu	seriate, sereste, seriste	serianu, serebbenu
imperative		–	tù	–	noi	voi	–
		—	sia	—	siamu	siate	—

Descendants

• Gallurese: esse, essi

References

• “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophones: ace, aces, ès, esses

Noun

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.

Further reading

• “esse” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Gallurese

Alternative forms

• essi

Etymology

From Corsican esse, from Latin esse, present infinitive of sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/

Verb

esse

1. (auxiliary) to be

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)

infinitive	simple	esse
	compound	esse + past participle
gerund	simple	essendi, sendi
	compound	essendi + past participle
past participle		statu
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
(simple tenses)	present	socu	sei	è	semu	seti	so
	imperfect	era, eru	eri	era	érami	érati	erani
	preterite	fusi	fusti	fusi	fùsimi	fùsiti	fùsini
	future	saragghju	sarai, saré	sarà	saremu	sareti	sarani
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of esse + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
	preterite perfect	preterite indicative of esse + past participle
	future perfect	future of esse + past participle
conditional		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
present		saria	saristi	saria	sarìami	sarìati	sarìani
perfect		present conditional of esse + past participle
subjunctive		chi eu	chi tu	chi iddu/idda	chi noi	chi voi	chi iddi
(simple tenses)	present	sia	sii	sia	sìami	sìati	sìani
	imperfect	fùssia	fussi	fùssia	fùssimi	fùssiti	fùssini
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of esse + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
imperative		eu	tu	iddu/idda	noi	voi	iddi
		—	sii	sia	sìami	sìati	sìani

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German

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

esse

1. inflection of essen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

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Hunsrik

Alternative forms

• ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈesə/

Verb

esse

1. to eat

   Ich esse keen Fleisch.

   I don't eat meat.

   Heit esse-mer Fisch.

   Today we eat fish.

Inflection

Conjugation of esse

infinitive	esse
past participle	gess
auxiliary	hon
	present tense
1st person singular	esse
2nd person singular	esst
3rd person singular	essd
1st person  plural	esse
2nd person plural	essd
3rd person plural	esse
	imperative
2nd person singular	ess
2nd person plural	essd

Derived terms

• mitesse

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

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Ingrian

Etymology

From essyttää (“to hold back”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈesːe/

Noun

esse (genitive estiin, partitive essetä)

1. obstacle

Declension

Inflection of esse
	singular	plural
nominative	esse	estiit
genitive	estiin	estiilöin
partitive	essetä	estiilöjä
illative	estiisse	estiilöihe
inessive	estiiz	estiilöiz
elative	estiist	estiilöist
allative	estiille	estiilöille
adessive	estiil	estiilöil
ablative	estiilt	estiilöilt
translative	estiiks	estiilöiks
essive	estiin	estiilöin

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36
• Vitalij Chernyavskij (2005) Ižoran keel (Ittseopastaja)‎^[1], page 97

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Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.se/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛsse
• Hyphenation: ès‧se

Noun

esse f or m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.; ess

Derived terms

• esse lunga

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/
• Rhymes: -esse
• Hyphenation: és‧se

Pronoun

esse f pl

1. plural of essa; they, them (female)

   Synonym: loro

See also

Italian personal pronouns (alternate)

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Genitive	Disjunctive
Singular	third	m	esso1, egli, elli3	si, s'	lo, l'	gli	vi, v'	ne, n'	esso, sé
		f	essa, ella, Ella2		la, l'	le, ella3			essa, sé
Plural	third	m	essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3	si, s'	li	loro	vi, v'	ne, n'	essi, sé
		f	esse, elle3, elleno3		le				esse, elle,3 sé
1	Refers predominantly to non-humans.
2	Highly elevated variant of Lei.
3	Archaic.

Anagrams

• sese

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Latin

Etymology 1

Form of the verb sum (“[I] am; [I] exist”); from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛs̠ːɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛsːɛ]

Verb

esse

1. present infinitive of sum

Noun

esse m (indeclinable)

1. (Medieval Latin) state, condition

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeːs.se/, [ˈeːs̠ːɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛsːɛ]

Verb

ēsse

1. present active infinitive of edō

References

• esse in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• esse in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

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Neapolitan

Etymology

Dialectal form of essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛssə/

Verb

esse

1. to be (dialectal)

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• essi
• eissi

Pronoun

esse

1. third-person singular feminine of as

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Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsə/

Verb

esse

1. to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of esse

infinitive	esse
past participle	hot gesse
future tense	waerd esse
subjunctive	daet esse
	present tense
1st person singular	ess
2nd person singular	esscht
3rd person singular	esst
1st person  plural	esse
2nd person plural	esst
3rd person plural	esse
imperative	du ess, dihr esst

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Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ese/

Verb

esse

1. to be

Conjugation

infinitive	esse
present gerundive	essend
past participle	stàit

	Present indicative	Past indicative	Future indicative	Present subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Present Conditional
First-person singular	i son	i j'era	i sarai	i sia	i fussa	i sarìa
Second-person singular	it ses	it j'ere	it saras	it sie	it fusse	it sarìe
Third-person singular	a l'é	a l'era	a sarà	a sia	a fussa	a sarìa
First-person plural	i soma	i j'ero	i saroma	i sio	i fusso	i sarìo
Second-person plural	i seve	i j'ere	i sareve	i sie	i fusse	i sarìe
Third-person plural	a son	a j'ero	i saran	a sio	a fusso	a sarìo

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Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Alternative forms

• êsse (superseded)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈe.si/, [ˈe.si]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈe.sɨ/, [ˈe.sɨ]

• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe.se/
• Hyphenation: es‧se

Determiner

esse m (feminine essa, plural esses, feminine plural essas)

2. that (near you)

   Esse chapéu está limpo?

   Is that hat clean?

4. (Brazil) this (near me)

   Esse livro é muito bom.

   This book is very good.

Pronoun

'esse m (feminine essa neuter isso, plural esses, feminine plural essas)

(definite demonstrative pronoun)

2. that, that one (near you)
4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)

   Esse é o segredo para vencer.

   This is the secret to winning.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

Synonyms

• (near me): este

See also

Portuguese demonstratives (edit)
		Pronouns					Adverbs
		Singular		Plural		Neuter
		Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Proximal	X	este	esta	estes	estas	isto	aqui, cá
	de + X	deste	desta	destes	destas	disto	daqui
	em + X	neste	nesta	nestes	nestas	nisto	—
Medial	X	esse	essa	esses	essas	isso	aí
	de + X	desse	dessa	desses	dessas	disso	daí
	em + X	nesse	nessa	nesses	nessas	nisso	—
Distal	X	aquele	aquela	aqueles	aquelas	aquilo	ali, lá
	de + X	daquele	daquela	daqueles	daquelas	daquilo	dali
	em + X	naquele	naquela	naqueles	naquelas	naquilo	—
	a + X	àquele	àquela	àqueles	àquelas	àquilo
Anaphoric	X	o	a	os	as	—	—
	de + X	do	da	dos	das
	em + X	no	na	nos	nas
	a + X	ao	à	aos	às

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈɛ.si/, [ˈɛ.si]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈɛ.sɨ/, [ˈɛ.sɨ]

• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.se/
• Hyphenation: es‧se

Noun

esse m (plural esses)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.
2. something shaped like the letter S

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

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Tatar

Adjective

esse

1. hot

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Walloon

Etymology

From Old French estre, from Latin sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Verb

esse

1. to be

Conjugation

   —         —   Conjugation of the verb esse in Walloon   —   Codjowaedje do viebe esse e walon

infinitive			esse (or iesse)
gerund			estant
auxiliary			aveur
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sti		—
		plural		—		—
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		dji (dj')	tu (t')	i (il) / ele	dji (dj') / nos	vos	i (il)
	present	so	es	est	estans	estoz	sont
	imperfect (in est-)	esteu	esteus	esteut	estins	estîz	estint
	imperfect (in êr-)	ere1	eres1	ere1	erins1	erîz1	erint1
	preterit	fou	fous	fout	fourîs	fourîz	fourît
	future	serè	serès	serè	serans	seroz	seront
	conditional	sereu	sereus	sereut	serins	serîz	serint
subjunctive		ki dj'	ki t'	k' i (il) / k' ele	ki dj' / ki nos	ki vos	k' i (il)
	present	seuye	seuyes	seuye	seuyanxhe	seuyoxhe	seuynuxhe or seuyèxhe
	present	fouxhe	fouxhes	fouxhe	fouxhinxhe	fouxhîxhe	fouxhinxhe
imperative		—	tu	—	dji / nos	vos	—
	affirmative		seuye		seuyans	seuyoz	1 Haute-Lesse and Chestrolais