ci
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Mandarin 詞/词 (cí).
Noun[edit]
ci (uncountable)
- One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms
Anagrams[edit]
Aka (Central Africa)[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci
Further reading[edit]
- Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
- [1] (ɕi)
Balinese[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci
- you (basa madia)
Alternative forms[edit]
- cai (basa madia)
Synonyms[edit]
- ragane (basa kasar)
- i ratu / iratu (basa alus)
Bambara[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
cí
- thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
cí
- commission, errand
- message, order
- mission, task, assignment
- ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
- it is your duty
- work, labor (especially agricultural)
- cí kɛ́
- to work in the fields
- usefulness, utility
- cí tɛ́ nìn ná
- that's useless
Verb[edit]
cí
Etymology 3[edit]
Verb[edit]
cì
- to hit
- fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
- the wind is blowing
- fàli cì
- to hit an donkey
- to break
- à y'á kùn cì
- He knocked him unconscious
- to destroy
- to split, divide, cut
- dɔ́gɔ cì
- to split wood
- to burst, explode with a loud noise
- màrifa cì
- to fire off a round (with a gun)
- to trace, tattoo
- bála cì
- to plot an area of a field to be hoed
- tùgu cì
- to vaccinate in the arm
Noun[edit]
cì
Corsican[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin hice, from Latin hic (“here”), from Proto-Italic *hek(e), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰi-ḱe (“this, here”), from *gʰi + *ḱe. Cognates include Italian ci and French y.
Adverb[edit]
ci
Pronoun[edit]
ci
- us (both direct and indirect object)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Dalmatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci
Dhimal[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (transliteration needed)
Further reading[edit]
- John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal
Esperanto[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)
- thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
- 1907, Vallienne, Henri, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:
- Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
- Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.
Usage notes[edit]
This word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.
- Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Contraction of ici (or ceci) or from Middle French cy, Old French ci, from Latin ecce hīc.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
ci
- here
- this
- cet homme-ci ― this man
- Ces choses-ci ― these things
- Je préfère ce gâteau-ci à celui-là. ― I prefer this cake to that one.
Derived terms[edit]
- ci-contre
- ci-dessous
- ci-dessus
- ci-devant
- ci-avant
- ci-après
- comme ci comme ça
- par-ci, par-là
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “ci”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hausa[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʔu-u2 /ta'u/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʾtaʾa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tš), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʿtaʿa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʿima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʿaḍḍa, “to bite”)).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ci (grade Ø)
Ido[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
ci
- Alternative form of ici (“these”)
Pronoun[edit]
ci
- Alternative form of ici (“these”)
Indonesian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
- (obsolete) weight unit: 1/10 tahil (for opium).
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
- river (large stream which drains a landmass)
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
Further reading[edit]
- “ci” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
ci
- here (at this place)
Italian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).
Noun[edit]
ci f (invariable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.; cee
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta
Further reading[edit]
- ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Etymology 2[edit]
From Late Latin hīce, alteration of Latin hīc (“here”), or alternatively from Vulgar Latin *ecce hīc, from Latin ecce + hīc. Compare French y.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -ci (enclitic)
Pronoun[edit]
ci
- us
- Loro ci conoscono ― They know us
- (reflexive) ourselves; each other
- Ci arrabbiamo ― We (ourselves) get angry
- Ci amiamo ― We love each other
- to us
- Lui ci ha detto questo ― He said this to us
- Replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one
- Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
- Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.
- One gets bored when there is nothing to do.
- it, to it
- Non ci credo. ― I do not believe it.
Usage notes[edit]
Becomes ce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Adverb[edit]
ci
- to there, here, there
- Synonym: vi (formal)
- Ci sono andato ― I have been there
- Ci siamo ― We're here
- Ci sono molte cose ― There are many things
- C'è un problema ― There is a problem
- Forms part of many verbs:
- volerci ― to require/take
- abituarci ― to get used to it
- riuscirci ― to be able to do it
- entrarci ― to do with something
- contarci ― to count on it
- pensarci ― to think about it
- starci ― to agree / to be up for something
- farcela ― to manage to do something
- crederci ― to believe it
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Etymology 3[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci m (uncountable)
Further reading[edit]
- ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- ci3 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Kanuri[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci
Latin[edit]
Verb[edit]
cī
Malay[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, impolite 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)
- river (large stream which drains a landmass)
Synonyms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “ci” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin[edit]
Romanization[edit]
ci
- Nonstandard spelling of cī.
- Nonstandard spelling of cí.
- Nonstandard spelling of cǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of cì.
Usage notes[edit]
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Noone[edit]
Verb[edit]
ci
Synonyms[edit]
References[edit]
- R. Blench, Beboid Comparative
Old French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin *ecce hīc.
Adverb[edit]
ci
- here (in this place)
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar
- Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
- Go, leave this place! Let me have peace.
- Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar
Descendants[edit]
Old Irish[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci
- Alternative form of cía
Conjunction[edit]
ci
- Alternative form of cía
Polish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- (stressed) tobie
Pronoun[edit]
ci
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci m
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From ce.
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
ci
- (adversative) but; so that; on the contrary, opposite
- Nici eu, ci el. ― Not I, but he.
See also[edit]
Sicilian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin hīc via Vulgar Latin *hīcce. Compare Italian ci.
Adverb[edit]
ci
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci
Usage notes[edit]
- Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronoun ci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent is ni.
Inflection[edit]
3rd person | m | f | pl |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | iddu | idda | iddi |
prepositional | iddu | idda | iddi |
accusative | lu | la | li |
dative | ci | ci | ci |
reflexive | si | si | si |
Tarantino[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ci (relative)
Venetian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin quis (compare Italian chi).
Pronoun[edit]
ci (interrogative)
- who?
Usage notes[edit]
- Redoubled for reinforcement.
- Ci èlo ci?
- Who on earth is he?
- Ci èlo ci?
Walloon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French cist, from Latin ecce istum (< iste).
Determiner[edit]
ci (after an open syllabe : ç', feminine : cisse, masculine form before vowel : cist, feminine form before vowel : ciste, plural : ces)
- this
- Ci rotch
- This rock
- C' est ç' rotch-ci
- It's this rock
- Cist ome
- This man
- Cisse gayole
- This box
- Ciste afwaire
- This affair
- Ces måjhons
- These houses
Pronoun[edit]
ci (before a vowel : c', alternative form : çou)
Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci m (plural cŵn)
Derived terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
ci | gi | nghi | chi |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
White Hmong[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ci
Zhuang[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Zhuang, Shuangqiao) IPA(key): /ɕi˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ci1
- Hyphenation: ci
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ci (old orthography ci)
Classifier[edit]
ci (old orthography ci)
Verb[edit]
ci (old orthography ci)
- to sew with a sewing machine
- to machine on a lathe
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, old orthography ci)
- (intransitive, of wind) to blow
- (transitive) to blow
- Synonym: (dialectal) baed
- (transitive) to play (a wind instrument)
- (transitive) to pump (a bellows)
Etymology 3[edit]
Verb[edit]
ci (old orthography ci)
Etymology 4[edit]
Classifier[edit]
ci (old orthography ci)
- Used for stick-like objects.
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- Aka (Central Africa) lemmas
- Aka (Central Africa) nouns
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- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
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- Rhymes:Welsh/iː
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