cía
Middle Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish cía, from Proto-Celtic *kʷēs (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.
Pronoun
[edit]cía
- (interrogative) who?
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 3:
- Tabair dóibsium dib línaib, cumma cía thóetsat imbi.
- Give it to them both, it doesn’t matter who will fall because of it.
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cía | chía | cía pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *kʷēs (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.
Pronoun
[edit]cía (triggers h-prothesis, neuter (triggers lenition) cid, plural citné or cisné)
- (stressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 35a17
- Air cía dunaibhí do·foirmsed?
- For to whom would he add?
- (literally, “For who are the ones to whom he would add?”)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 35a17
Usage notes
[edit]The stressed interrogative pronoun cía and its neuter and plural counterparts take:
- either a relative clause describing an action involving the noun to be identified
- cia dia·fiachaigedar (Ml. 44b3)
- who (is it) to whom it is endebted?
- or a substantive indicating whose identity is to be found; in this case also the pronoun is understood to contain the copula in it and no overt copula appears
- cia dune ind inni-sseo (Ml. 35c33)
- who is the man of this sort?
Descendants
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]cía or ce or ci (h-prothesis)
- (unstressed interrogative pronoun) who? what?
- c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536
- Cía cethrar? Rí ⁊ brithem ⁊ dias i manchuini.
- Who are the four people (plural)? A king, judge, and two others in service.
- c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 299:
- As·biurt-sa frie: "Cía lóg rom·bia latt ara fagbáil?" As·bert-si frim-sa dom·bérad seirc mblíadnae dam-sa.
- I said to her, "what (is the) reward (neuter) I will have for finding it?" She said to me that she would give me [her] love in one year.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 89b7
- cía·bed flaith
- who would be ruler?
- c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, p. 21, paragraph 40, line 536
- (indefinite) whoever, whatever (followed by the subjunctive in the present tense)
- cía·tíasam ― whereever we go (literally, “whatever we go to”)
Usage notes
[edit]The unstressed interrogative pronoun is invariable for gender and number. It is a conjunct particle and so is followed by the dependent form of the verb.
- cía·acca ― who did you see?
It is used to in fixed phrases to express an interrogative adverb:
- cía airm f ― what is the place? where?
- cía indas n ― what is the way? how?
- cía méit f ― what is the amount? how much?
- cía ered n ― what is the length? how long?
Determiner
[edit]cía (triggers h-prothesis, feminine (triggers lenition) cesí or cessi or cisí, neuter (triggers lenition) ced or cid, plural citné or cisné)
- which, what (agreeing with following noun in gender and number)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 120c7
- cid torbae ara·torsata
- for what use (neuter) have they been created?
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26a6
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 120c7
Adverb
[edit]cía
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 456–57, pages 286–87
- Stifter, David (2006) Sengoídelc, New York: Syracuse University Press, →ISBN, page 190
Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain; possibly from the pronoun (Etymology 1).
Conjunction
[edit]cía (triggers lenition)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:cía.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle Irish: cía
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 cía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 909–10, pages 561–63
Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cía | chía | cía pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθia/ [ˈθi.a]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈsia/ [ˈsi.a]
- Rhymes: -ia
- Syllabification: cí‧a
Verb
[edit]cía
- inflection of ciar:
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish pronouns
- Middle Irish interrogative pronouns
- Middle Irish indefinite pronouns
- Middle Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish pronouns
- Old Irish interrogative pronouns
- Old Irish indefinite pronouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Irish indefinite determiners
- Old Irish adverbs
- Old Irish indefinite adverbs
- Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies
- Old Irish conjunctions
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/ia
- Rhymes:Spanish/ia/2 syllables
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms