qui
Aragonese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- (interrogative) who, whom
- whoever
- 2019 August 17, Magí Camps, “Esther Tallada: “Cada traductor és fidel a la seva manera””, in La Vanguardia[1]:
- Qui tradueix hi aporta coses, pren decisions en funció del que li suscita l’original, segons el que creu que és més important destacar.
- Whoever translates contributes things to it; they make decisions depending on what the original arouses in them, according to what they believe is most important to emphasize.
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “qui” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “qui” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “qui” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “qui” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French qui, from Old French qui, from Latin quī..
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui ?
- (interrogative) who, whom
- (relative) who, whom (after a preposition), which, that
- La personne qui parle connait bien son sujet.
- The person who speaks knows his/her subject well.
- Cette voiture bleue qui passe me plait beaucoup.
- This blue car which is passing I like a lot.
- J’aime les chiens qui sont calmes.
- I like dogs that are quiet.
- Un homme à qui j’ai parlé.
- A man to whom I spoke/have spoken.
- Si lugubre que fût l’appartement, c’était un paradis pour qui revenait du lycée.
- Gloomy as the apartment was, it was still a paradise for those who came back from school.
- Rira bien qui rira le dernier.
- Who laughs last laughs well.
Usage notes[edit]
After a preposition, qui can only refer to people; things require the pronoun lequel. After the prepositions entre and parmi, lequel must be used whether it refers to a person or a thing.
Derived terms[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
qui
Further reading[edit]
- “qui” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Ido[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- plural of qua
- (relative pronoun) which (plural)
- Esis tre jentila homi qui helpis ni. ― It was a nice man who helped us.
- (interrogative pronoun) who (plural)
- Qui esas ita kerli? ― Who are these guys?(direct question)
- Me ne konocas qui iti esas. ― I don't know who these are.(indirect question)
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- plural of quo
- (relative pronoun) which (plural)
- Esis tre bona kulteli qui me tranchis per. ― They were really good knives with which I cut.
- (interrogative pronoun) what (plural)
- Qui eventis? ― What (thing) happened?(indicating that several things happened) (direct question)
- Ka tu povas helpar me decidar qui metar? ― Can you help me to decide what to wear?(indicating that several things are to be worn) (indirect question)
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- ube (“where”)
- kande (“when”)
- quala (“what kind of”)
- quale (“how”)
- quanta (“how much”)
- quanto (“quantity”)
Interlingua[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
Interlingue[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui (objective case quem)
- who (interrogative and relative)
Italian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- quì (misspelling)
Etymology[edit]
From Vulgar Latin *(ec)cu hic, from Latin eccum + hīc.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
qui
Usage notes[edit]
qui and qua are mostly interchangeable, but qui has a more punctual meaning whereas qua is more vague, similar to the pair lì and là.
See also[edit]
Latin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From earlier quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos.
Pronoun[edit]
quī (feminine quae, neuter quod); relative/interrogative pronoun
- (relative) who, that, which
- (indefinite, after sī, nisi, num, nē) anyone, any
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Evangelium secundum Ioannem.3.5:
- Respondit Iesus: amen amen, dico tibi, nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et Spiritu, non potest introire in regnum Dei
- Jesus replied, "verily verily, I say to you, unless a person is reborn out of water and Spirit, that person can't enter into the kingdom of God."
- Respondit Iesus: amen amen, dico tibi, nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et Spiritu, non potest introire in regnum Dei
Declension[edit]
Irregular. Relative/interrogative pronoun.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | quī | quae | quod | quī | quae | ||
Genitive | cuius cujus |
quōrum | quārum | quōrum | |||
Dative | cui | quibus | |||||
Accusative | quem | quam | quod | quōs | quās | quae | |
Ablative | quō | quā | quō | quibus |
- The genitive singular quoius, the dative singular quoi, and the dative and ablative plural queis or quīs can be found in older literature.
Adjective[edit]
quī (feminine quae, neuter quod); relative/interrogative pronoun
- (interrogative) who, what, which
- 55 BCE, Cicero, De Oratore 2.34:
- Qui enim cantus moderata oratione dulcior inveniri potest? Quod carmen artificiosa verborum conclusione aptius? Qui actor imitanda quam orator suscipienda veritate iucundior?
- What music can be found more sweet than the pronunciation of a well-ordered oration? What poem more agreeable than the skilful structure of prose? What actor has ever given greater pleasure in imitating, than an orator gives in supporting, truth?
- Qui enim cantus moderata oratione dulcior inveniri potest? Quod carmen artificiosa verborum conclusione aptius? Qui actor imitanda quam orator suscipienda veritate iucundior?
- (indefinite, after si, nisi, num, ne) anyone, any
Declension[edit]
Irregular. Relative/interrogative pronoun.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | quī | quae | quod | quī | quae | ||
Genitive | cuius cujus |
quōrum | quārum | quōrum | |||
Dative | cui | quibus | |||||
Accusative | quem | quam | quod | quōs | quās | quae | |
Ablative | quō | quā | quō | quibus |
- The genitive singular quoius, the dative singular quoi, and the dative and ablative plural queis or quīs can be found in older literature.
- The indefinite form qua can be found instead of quae in the nominative feminine singular and nominative and accusative neuter plural of the indefinite adjective (but not pronoun).
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- qui¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Allen, Joseph Henry; Greenough, James B. (1903) Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 147 (relative pronoun)
- Allen, Joseph Henry; Greenough, James B. (1903) Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 149 (indefinite adjective)
Etymology 2[edit]
Old instrumental case of quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey. Cognate with English why.
Adverb[edit]
quī (not comparable)
- (interrogative) In what way? how? whereby? by what means? why?
- (relative) wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how; that, in order that
- (indefinite, with hercle, edepol, at, quīppe, ut) somehow, surely
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- qui² in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- qui in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- qui in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) the visible world: haec omnia, quae videmus
- (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
- (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur
- (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae a terra stirpibus continentur
- (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea quorum stirpes terra continentur (N. D. 2. 10. 26)
- (ambiguous) the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus
- (ambiguous) eastern, western Germany: Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit
- (ambiguous) where are you going: quo tendis?
- (ambiguous) I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- (ambiguous) nothing is more tiresome to me than..: nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.)
- (ambiguous) since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
- (ambiguous) the middle ages: media quae vocatur aetas
- (ambiguous) Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior
- (ambiguous) Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
- (ambiguous) it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
- (ambiguous) on the day after, which was September 5th: postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5)
- (ambiguous) to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
- (ambiguous) to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre
- (ambiguous) the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus
- (ambiguous) those to whom we owe our being: ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus
- (ambiguous) the rest of one's life: quod reliquum est vitae
- (ambiguous) how old are you: qua aetate es?
- (ambiguous) our contemporaries; men of our time: homines qui nunc sunt (opp. qui tunc fuerunt)
- (ambiguous) how are you getting on: quo loco res tuae sunt?
- (ambiguous) under such circumstances: quae cum ita sint
- (ambiguous) from this point of view; similarly: quo in genere
- (ambiguous) by some chance or other: nescio quo casu (with Indic.)
- (ambiguous) Fortune's favourite: is, quem fortuna complexa est
- (ambiguous) it is most fortunate that..: peropportune accidit, quod
- (ambiguous) you were right in...; you did right to..: recte, bene fecisti quod...
- (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
- (ambiguous) this is more plausible than true: haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt
- (ambiguous) a thing which is rather (very) dubious: quod aliquam (magnam) dubitationem habet (Leg. Agr. 1. 4. 11)
- (ambiguous) as far as I know: quod sciam
- (ambiguous) he attained his object: id quod voluit consecutus est
- (ambiguous) he attained his object: ad id quod voluit pervenit
- (ambiguous) abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8)
- (ambiguous) the usual subjects taught to boys: doctrinae, quibus aetas puerilis impertiri solet (Nep. Att. 1. 2)
- (ambiguous) the usual subjects taught to boys: artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet
- (ambiguous) men of that profession: qui ista profitentur
- (ambiguous) philosophical subjects: quae in philosophia tractantur
- (ambiguous) disciples of Plato, Platonists: qui sunt a Platone or a Platonis disciplina; qui profecti sunt a Platone; Platonici
- (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
- (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
- (ambiguous) theoretical, speculative philosophy: philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur
- (ambiguous) practical philosophy: philosophia, quae in actione versatur
- (ambiguous) to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion: constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur
- (ambiguous) to bring forward a proof of the immortality of the soul: argumentum afferre, quo animos immortales esse demonstratur
- (ambiguous) a proof of this is that..: argumento huic rei est, quod
- (ambiguous) it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
- (ambiguous) it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
- (ambiguous) the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
- (ambiguous) the connection of thought: ratio, qua sententiae inter se excipiunt.
- (ambiguous) I have exhausted all my material: copiam quam potui persecutus sum
- (ambiguous) a digression, episode: quod ornandi causa additum est
- (ambiguous) I have nothing to write about: non habeo, non est quod scribam
- (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod (mihi) propositum est
- (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod quaerimus (quaeritur)
- (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: institutum or id quod institui
- (ambiguous) to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet
- (ambiguous) to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
- (ambiguous) the question at issue: res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur
- (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
- (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae notio or sententia subiecta est huic voci?
- (ambiguous) what do we understand by 'a wise man': quem intellegimus sapientem?
- (ambiguous) what do we mean by 'virtue': quae intellegitur virtus
- (ambiguous) as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
- (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
- (ambiguous) a book which is attributed to some one: liber qui fertur alicuius
- (ambiguous) the book is attributed to an unknown writer: liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem
- (ambiguous) the reader: legentes, ii qui legunt
- (ambiguous) a letter to Atticus: epistula ad Atticum data, scripta, missa or quae ad A. scripta est
- (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod)
- (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
- (ambiguous) an atheist: qui deum esse negat
- (ambiguous) and may God grant success: quod deus bene vertat!
- (ambiguous) and may heaven avert the omen! heaven preserve us from this: quod di immortales omen avertant! (Phil. 44. 11)
- (ambiguous) God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!)
- (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102)
- (ambiguous) movable, personal property: res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes (Liv. 5. 25. 6)
- (ambiguous) the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
- (ambiguous) a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
- (ambiguous) I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
- (ambiguous) to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
- (ambiguous) imports and exports: res, quae importantur et exportantur
- (ambiguous) the debtor: debitor, or is qui debet
- (ambiguous) the perfume exhaled by flowers: odores, qui efflantur e floribus
- (ambiguous) domestic animals: animalia quae nobiscum degunt (Plin. 8. 40)
- (ambiguous) a legislator: qui leges scribit (not legum lator)
- (ambiguous) aristocracy (as a form of government): civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur
- (ambiguous) the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
- (ambiguous) the aristocracy (as a social class): nobiles; nobilitas; qui nobilitate generis excellunt
- (ambiguous) the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
- (ambiguous) men of military age: qui arma ferre possunt or iuventus
- (ambiguous) men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
- (ambiguous) veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
- (ambiguous) by the longest possible forced marches: quam maximis itineribus (potest)
- (ambiguous) the cohort on guard-duty: cohors, quae in statione est
- (ambiguous) subjects: qui imperio subiecti sunt
- (ambiguous) to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
- (ambiguous) I will give you my true opinion: dicam quod sentio
- (ambiguous) this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
- (ambiguous) without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum
- (ambiguous) which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim
- (ambiguous) to except the fact that..: praeterquam quod or nisi quod
- (ambiguous) from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
- (ambiguous) from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo perspicuum est
- (ambiguous) the main point: id quod maximum, gravissimum est
- (ambiguous) the main point: quod caput est
- (ambiguous) what is more important: quod maius est
- (ambiguous) the visible world: haec omnia, quae videmus
Etymology 3[edit]
Inflection of quis.
Pronoun[edit]
quī m pl
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French qui, from Latin quī..
Pronoun[edit]
qui
Descendants[edit]
- French: qui
Novial[edit]
Determiner[edit]
qui
- (interrogative) which
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- who
- c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, lines 1–2:
- Li boins roys Artus de Bretaigne,
La qui proeche nous ensengne- The good king Arthur of Britain
Who teaches us valiance
- The good king Arthur of Britain
Descendants[edit]
Old Occitan[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- Alternative form of cui
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
qui m (plural quis)
- chi (name of the Greek letter Χ)
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
- Eye dialect spelling of que, representing Brazil Portuguese.
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
qui
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Noun[edit]
qui
- Alternative spelling of quy
Verb[edit]
qui
- Alternative spelling of quy
- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Aragonese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Aragonese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Aragonese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese pronouns
- Aragonese interrogative pronouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan 1-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan interrogative pronouns
- Catalan terms with quotations
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French pronouns
- French terms with usage examples
- French conjunctions
- Louisiana French
- French interrogative pronouns
- French relative pronouns
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido non-lemma forms
- Ido pronoun forms
- Ido terms with usage examples
- Ido correlatives
- Ido interrogative pronouns
- Ido relative pronouns
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Interlingue lemmas
- Interlingue pronouns
- Italian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Italian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio links
- Italian lemmas
- Italian adverbs
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin pronouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin adjectives
- Latin adverbs
- Latin uncomparable adverbs
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin pronoun forms
- Latin interrogative adverbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French pronouns
- Novial lemmas
- Novial determiners
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French subject pronouns
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan pronouns
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese eye dialect
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese terms with multiple etymologies
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese verbs