qui

See also: quí, quì, qûi, quỉ, and -qui

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin qui, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈki/

Pronoun

qui

1. (interrogative) who, whom
2. whoever

Related terms

• què
• que
• quin

Further reading

• “qui” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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French

Etymology

From Middle French qui, from Old French qui, from Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ki/

• audio

  (file)

Pronoun

qui

1. (interrogative) who, whom
2. (relative) who, whom (after a preposition), which, that

   La personne qui parle connait bien son sujet.

   The person who speaks knows his/her subject well.

   Cette voiture bleue qui passe me plait beaucoup.

   This blue car which is passing I like a lot.

   J’aime les chiens qui sont calmes.

   I like dogs that are quiet.

   Un homme à qui j’ai parlé.

   A man to whom I spoke/have spoken.

   Si lugubre que fût l’appartement, c’était un paradis pour qui revenait du lycée.

   If the apartment were gloomy, it was a paradise for whoever came from the school.

   Rira bien qui rira le dernier.

   Who laughs last laughs well.

Further reading

• “qui” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kwi/

Pronoun

qui

1. plural of qua
2. (relative pronoun) which (plural)

   Esis tre jentila homi qui helpis ni. ― It was a nice man who helped us.

3. (interrogative pronoun) who (plural)

   Qui esas ita kerli? ― Who are these guys?

   (direct question)

   Me ne konocas qui iti esas. ― I don't know who these are.

   (indirect question)

Pronoun

qui

1. plural of quo
2. (relative pronoun) which (plural)

   Esis tre bona kulteli qui me tranchis per. ― It was really good knifes which I cut with.

3. (interrogative pronoun) what (plural)

   Qui eventis? ― What (thing) happened?

   (indicating that several things happened) (direct question)

   Ka tu povas helpar me decidar qui metar? ― Can you help me to decide what to wear?

   (indicating that several things are to be worn) (indirect question)

Related terms

• qua (“who (person)”)
• quo (“what (thing)”)
• qui (“who (plural)”)
• pro quo (“why”)

See also

• ube (“where”)
• kande (“when”)
• quala (“what kind of”)
  • quale (“how”)
• quanta (“how much”)
  • quanto (“quantity”)

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Interlingua

Pronoun

qui

1. (interrogative) who
2. (relative) who; whom

   Le secunde interesse de Jamblicho tende al theurgia. In iste materia ille se separa de Plotino, secundo qui tal attitude esserea irrational.^[1]

   The second interest of Iamblichus tends towards theurgy. In this subject he becomes separate [distinct] from Plotinus, according to whom such attitude would be irrational.

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Interlingue

Pronoun

qui (objective case quem)

1. who (interrogative and relative)

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Italian

Alternative forms

• quì (misspelling)

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *(ec)cu hic, from Latin eccum + hīc, from hic, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ḱe (“this, here”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kwi]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i

Adverb

qui

1. here

   Synonym: qua

Usage notes

qui and qua are mostly interchangeable, but qui has a more punctual meaning whereas qua is more vague, similar to the pair lì and là.

See also

• lì, là
• ci

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Latin

Alternative forms

• qui (feminine quae, neuter quod)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kʷiː/, [kᶣiː]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos.

Pronoun

quī m (feminine quae, neuter quod)

1. (relative) who, that, which
   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 2:18

     quoniam filii sanctorum sumus et vitam illam expectamus quam Deus daturus est his qui fidem suam numquam mutant ab eo (For we are the children of saints, and look for that life which God will give to those that never change their faith from him.)

Adjective

quī m (feminine quae, neuter quod)

1. (interrogative) who, what, which
   • 55 BCE, Cicero, De Oratore 2.34

     Qui enim cantus moderata oratione dulcior inveniri potest? Quod carmen artificiosa verborum conclusione aptius? Qui actor imitanda quam orator suscipienda veritate iucundior?

     What music can be found more sweet than the pronunciation of a well-ordered oration? What poem more agreeable than the skilful structure of prose? What actor has ever given greater pleasure in imitating, than an orator gives in supporting, truth?

Declension

Irregular.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	quī	quae	quod		quī	quae
genitive	cuius, cujus				quōrum	quārum	quōrum
dative	cui				quibus
accusative	quem	quam	quod		quōs	quās	quae
ablative	quō	quā	quō		quibus

• The genitive singular quoius, the dative singular quoi, and the dative and ablative plural queis or quīs can be found in older literature.
• The indefinite form qua can be found instead of quae in the nominative feminine singular and nominative and accusative neuter plural.

Derived terms

Terms derived from qui

• ad quem
• aliōquī
• aliquī
• quā

• quī
• quīcumque
• quīdam
• quīvīs

• quō
• quod erat demonstrandum
• quōquam

Related terms

• cūius
• cum
• quis
• quam
• ut

Descendants

• Aromanian: tsini, cui
• Catalan: que, qui
• French: que, qui
• Galician: que, quen

• Italian: cui, che, chi
• Picard: qui
• Portuguese: cujo, que, quem
• Romanian: cine, cui
• Spanish: cuyo, que, quien, qui

References

• qui¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 2

Old instrumental case of quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey. Cognate with English why.

Adverb

quī

1. (interrogative) In what way? how? whereby? by what means? why?
2. (relative) Wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how
3. That, in order that

Derived terms

• atquī
• quidem
• quīn

References

• qui² in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• qui in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• qui in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) the visible world: haec omnia, quae videmus
    
  • (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
    
  • (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur
    
  • (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae a terra stirpibus continentur
    
  • (ambiguous) the vegetable kingdom: ea quorum stirpes terra continentur (N. D. 2. 10. 26)
    
  • (ambiguous) the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus
    
  • (ambiguous) eastern, western Germany: Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit
    
  • (ambiguous) where are you going: quo tendis?
    
  • (ambiguous) I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • (ambiguous) nothing is more tiresome to me than..: nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.)
    
  • (ambiguous) since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    
  • (ambiguous) the middle ages: media quae vocatur aetas
    
  • (ambiguous) Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior
    
  • (ambiguous) Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
    
  • (ambiguous) it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
    
  • (ambiguous) on the day after, which was September 5th: postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5)
    
  • (ambiguous) to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th: hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.
    
  • (ambiguous) to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre
    
  • (ambiguous) the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus
    
  • (ambiguous) those to whom we owe our being: ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus
    
  • (ambiguous) the rest of one's life: quod reliquum est vitae
    
  • (ambiguous) how old are you: qua aetate es?
    
  • (ambiguous) our contemporaries; men of our time: homines qui nunc sunt (opp. qui tunc fuerunt)
    
  • (ambiguous) how are you getting on: quo loco res tuae sunt?
    
  • (ambiguous) under such circumstances: quae cum ita sint
    
  • (ambiguous) from this point of view; similarly: quo in genere
    
  • (ambiguous) by some chance or other: nescio quo casu (with Indic.)
    
  • (ambiguous) Fortune's favourite: is, quem fortuna complexa est
    
  • (ambiguous) it is most fortunate that..: peropportune accidit, quod
    
  • (ambiguous) you were right in...; you did right to..: recte, bene fecisti quod...
    
  • (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
    
  • (ambiguous) this is more plausible than true: haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt
    
  • (ambiguous) a thing which is rather (very) dubious: quod aliquam (magnam) dubitationem habet (Leg. Agr. 1. 4. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) as far as I know: quod sciam
    
  • (ambiguous) he attained his object: id quod voluit consecutus est
    
  • (ambiguous) he attained his object: ad id quod voluit pervenit
    
  • (ambiguous) abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8)
    
  • (ambiguous) the usual subjects taught to boys: doctrinae, quibus aetas puerilis impertiri solet (Nep. Att. 1. 2)
    
  • (ambiguous) the usual subjects taught to boys: artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet
    
  • (ambiguous) men of that profession: qui ista profitentur
    
  • (ambiguous) philosophical subjects: quae in philosophia tractantur
    
  • (ambiguous) disciples of Plato, Platonists: qui sunt a Platone or a Platonis disciplina; qui profecti sunt a Platone; Platonici
    
  • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
    
  • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    
  • (ambiguous) theoretical, speculative philosophy: philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur
    
  • (ambiguous) practical philosophy: philosophia, quae in actione versatur
    
  • (ambiguous) to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion: constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring forward a proof of the immortality of the soul: argumentum afferre, quo animos immortales esse demonstratur
    
  • (ambiguous) a proof of this is that..: argumento huic rei est, quod
    
  • (ambiguous) it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
    
  • (ambiguous) it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
    
  • (ambiguous) the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    
  • (ambiguous) the connection of thought: ratio, qua sententiae inter se excipiunt.
    
  • (ambiguous) I have exhausted all my material: copiam quam potui persecutus sum
    
  • (ambiguous) a digression, episode: quod ornandi causa additum est
    
  • (ambiguous) I have nothing to write about: non habeo, non est quod scribam
    
  • (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod (mihi) propositum est
    
  • (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod quaerimus (quaeritur)
    
  • (ambiguous) a theme, subject proposed for discussion: institutum or id quod institui
    
  • (ambiguous) to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet
    
  • (ambiguous) to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • (ambiguous) the question at issue: res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur
    
  • (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
    
  • (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae notio or sententia subiecta est huic voci?
    
  • (ambiguous) what do we understand by 'a wise man': quem intellegimus sapientem?
    
  • (ambiguous) what do we mean by 'virtue': quae intellegitur virtus
    
  • (ambiguous) as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
    
  • (ambiguous) Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    
  • (ambiguous) a book which is attributed to some one: liber qui fertur alicuius
    
  • (ambiguous) the book is attributed to an unknown writer: liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem
    
  • (ambiguous) the reader: legentes, ii qui legunt
    
  • (ambiguous) a letter to Atticus: epistula ad Atticum data, scripta, missa or quae ad A. scripta est
    
  • (ambiguous) I am pained, vexed, sorry: aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod)
    
  • (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
    
  • (ambiguous) an atheist: qui deum esse negat
    
  • (ambiguous) and may God grant success: quod deus bene vertat!
    
  • (ambiguous) and may heaven avert the omen! heaven preserve us from this: quod di immortales omen avertant! (Phil. 44. 11)
    
  • (ambiguous) God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!)
    
  • (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102)
    
  • (ambiguous) movable, personal property: res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes (Liv. 5. 25. 6)
    
  • (ambiguous) the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
    
  • (ambiguous) a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
    
  • (ambiguous) I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
    
  • (ambiguous) to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    
  • (ambiguous) imports and exports: res, quae importantur et exportantur
    
  • (ambiguous) the debtor: debitor, or is qui debet
    
  • (ambiguous) the perfume exhaled by flowers: odores, qui efflantur e floribus
    
  • (ambiguous) domestic animals: animalia quae nobiscum degunt (Plin. 8. 40)
    
  • (ambiguous) a legislator: qui leges scribit (not legum lator)
    
  • (ambiguous) aristocracy (as a form of government): civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur
    
  • (ambiguous) the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • (ambiguous) the aristocracy (as a social class): nobiles; nobilitas; qui nobilitate generis excellunt
    
  • (ambiguous) the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
    
  • (ambiguous) men of military age: qui arma ferre possunt or iuventus
    
  • (ambiguous) men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • (ambiguous) veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
    
  • (ambiguous) by the longest possible forced marches: quam maximis itineribus (potest)
    
  • (ambiguous) the cohort on guard-duty: cohors, quae in statione est
    
  • (ambiguous) subjects: qui imperio subiecti sunt
    
  • (ambiguous) to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • (ambiguous) I will give you my true opinion: dicam quod sentio
    
  • (ambiguous) this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
    
  • (ambiguous) without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum
    
  • (ambiguous) which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim
    
  • (ambiguous) to except the fact that..: praeterquam quod or nisi quod
    
  • (ambiguous) from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
    
  • (ambiguous) from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo perspicuum est
    
  • (ambiguous) the main point: id quod maximum, gravissimum est
    
  • (ambiguous) the main point: quod caput est
    
  • (ambiguous) what is more important: quod maius est
    

Etymology 3

Inflection of quis.

Pronoun

quī m, pl

1. nominative masculine plural of quis

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French qui, from Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.

Pronoun

qui

1. who
2. which (when referring to a non-human)

Descendants

• French: qui

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Novial

Determiner

qui

1. (interrogative) which

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Old French

Alternative forms

• ki
• cui

Etymology

From Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi, from Template:ihh, *kʷis.

Pronoun

qui

1. who
   • Circa 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion, lines 1-2

     Li boins roys Artus de Bretaigne,
     La qui proeche nous ensengne

     The good king Arthur of Britain
     Who teaches us valiance

Descendants

• Middle French: qui
  • French: qui
• Norman: tchi

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Old Occitan

Pronoun

qui

1. Alternative form of cui

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Portuguese

Etymology 1

Noun

qui m (plural quis)

1. chi (name of the Greek letter Χ)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

qui

1. Eye dialect spelling of que, representing Brazilian Portuguese.

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Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• quy

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 龜.

Noun

qui

1. (only in compounds) turtle

Synonyms

• rùa

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸.

Verb

qui

1. (only in compounds) to return