istic
Latin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- isthic (used in Late Latin, Medieval Latin, formerly in New Latin)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɪs.tɪk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈis.tik]
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɪsˈtɪk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [isˈtik]
- The reduction of -ce to -c by apocope generally left the accent unchanged: therefore, forms such as istúnc and neuter nom/acc istúc are accented on the final syllable, matching the position of the accent in istúnce and istúcce (from istud + -ce; compare neuter nom/acc hoc from *hod + -ce). The accentuation of the masculine nominative singular istic(e) is uncertain: Late Latin grammarians teach that the enclitics -ce, -que, -ve, -ne draw the accent to the preceding syllable whether it is long or short, but some modern linguists argue that they only moved the accent to a heavy syllable, which would imply the accentuation ístic(e). The similarly-formed masculine nominative singular hic acquired an analogically lengthened final consonant in Classical and later time periods: if such analogical lengthening ever affected istic, the accent would be expected to move also to its final syllable (istíc as if for *isticce).
Determiner
[edit]istic (feminine istaec, neuter istuc or istucce or istoc); demonstrative determiner
- this same, this very; those, etc.
- c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 1.1.8–9:
- Haec ita mē ōrāt sibi quī caveāt aliquem ut hominem reperiam, / ut istunc mīlitem—ut, ubi ēmeritum sibi sit, sē revehāt domum.
- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- This girl asks me to find her someone to take care that this soldier—that he takes her back home when he’s received her services.
- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- Haec ita mē ōrāt sibi quī caveāt aliquem ut hominem reperiam, / ut istunc mīlitem—ut, ubi ēmeritum sibi sit, sē revehāt domum.
- c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 1093:[1][2]
- Iube mātūrāre illam exīre hūc. iam istīc reī praevortēmur.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Iube mātūrāre illam exīre hūc. iam istīc reī praevortēmur.
- that of yours, that mentioned earlier by or related to you, that beside you
- c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 421, (Iambic septenarius):
- Heus, quid istuc est, Philocomasium?
Quid tĭbi‿ĭstīc ĭn ĭstīsce‿aedĭbus dēbētur, quid nĕgōtīst?- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- Hey, what’s going on, Philocomasium? What are you owed in that house, what business do you have there?
- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- Heus, quid istuc est, Philocomasium?
- c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 1.2.65–66:
- O Astaphium, haud istoc modo solita es me ante appellare,
sed blande, cum illuc, quod apud vos nunc est, apud me habebam.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- O Astaphium, haud istoc modo solita es me ante appellare,
Usage notes
[edit]- The alternative spelling isthic is based on the interpretation of the pronoun as a compound of iste + hic, an analysis that can be found in Latin grammarians such as Priscian[3] (although Priscian used the spelling without "h", attributing the loss of the h to the syllabification of the word[4]).
- The best-attested forms are the singular nominative, accusative, and ablative forms, and the plural neuter nominative/accusative form (also the plural feminine nominative). Originally, it is likely that any form of iste could be freely combined with the enclitic -ce, but only a few traces of that usage are preserved. The original usage of Old Latin authors such as Plautus or Terence may be obscured in some cases by alterations made by later scribes.
- Plautus and Terence use the neuter forms istuc n sg and istaec n pl much more frequently than their unsuffixed counterparts, istud n sg and ista n pl.[5]
Declension
[edit]Demonstrative determiner.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | istic | istaec | istuc istucce istoc |
istīsce | istaec | ||
| genitive | istī̆usce | *istōrunc | *istārunc | *istōrunc | |||
| dative | istīc | istīsce | |||||
| accusative | istunc | istanc | istuc istucce istoc |
istōsce | istāsce | istaec | |
| ablative | istōc | istāc | istōc | istīsce | |||
| vocative | — | — | |||||
See illic § Declension.
- The masculine nominative plural is likely unattested in extant ancient texts. (The TLL interprets the manuscript variant istīc for istī in Plautus Curculio 288[6] as a false form.[7])
- The genitive singular is not attested until Late Latin. The genitive plural is unattested. For the forms, compare hōrunc, hārunc.
- The masculine accusative plural istōsce is attested indirectly in the form istōscine (from istōsce + -ne) in Plautus Asinaria 932.[8][7] The corresponding feminine accusative plural istāsce is not directly attested, although some editors conjecture it was originally used in Plautus Truculentus 541.
- The feminine ablative singular istāc has an alternative form istāce, attested once in a ritual formula transmitted by Cato De Agri Cultura 132.
- The ablative plural form istīsce is attested twice in Plautus, in both instances elided before a vowel.
Pronoun
[edit]istic (feminine istaec, neuter istuc or istucce or istoc); demonstrative pronoun
- this same, this very
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 456:
- SĪMŌ: Ego istaec rēctē ut fīant vīderō.
- SIMO: I will see to it that those [things] are done correctly.
- SĪMŌ: Ego istaec rēctē ut fīant vīderō.
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 923–924:
- CRĪTŌ: Atticus quīdam ōlim nāvī frāctā ad Andrum ēiectus est / et istaec ūna parva virgō.
- CRITO: There was once a certain [man from] Attica who was shipwrecked and cast ashore at Andros, [along with] this same [woman]: [at that time, she was just] a little girl.
(Crito tells the backstory of Glycerium, who is “Andria,” “The Andrian,” or “The Woman from Andros,” for whom the play is named.)
- CRITO: There was once a certain [man from] Attica who was shipwrecked and cast ashore at Andros, [along with] this same [woman]: [at that time, she was just] a little girl.
- CRĪTŌ: Atticus quīdam ōlim nāvī frāctā ad Andrum ēiectus est / et istaec ūna parva virgō.
- that of yours, that related to you, that beside you
- this/that mentioned by you
- c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 2.2.34-35, (seu sometimes emended to sei[9][10]):
- [Lysimachus] Tun capite cano amas, senex nequissime?
[Demipho] Si canum seu istuc rutilum sive atrumst, amo.- [Lysimachus] You, with a hoary head, are in love, you wicked old man?
[Demipho] Whether it is hoary or ruddy or black, I am in love.
- [Lysimachus] You, with a hoary head, are in love, you wicked old man?
- [Lysimachus] Tun capite cano amas, senex nequissime?
- 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 3.XIV:
- Axius, "Tuas partes", inquit, "sublevavit Appius, O Merula noster. Quod ad venationem pertinet, breviter secundus trasactus est actus, nec de cochleis ac gliribus quaero, quod relicum est; neque enim magnum molimentum esse potest." "Non istuc tam simplex est," inquit Appius, "quam tu putas, O Axi noster."
- "Appius has lightened your task, my dear Merula," said Axius. "When it comes to hunting, the second act has been completed in short time, and I do not ask about what is left, the snails and dormice, for it cannot be a great undertaking." "That is not so simple as you think, my dear Axius," said Appius.
- Axius, "Tuas partes", inquit, "sublevavit Appius, O Merula noster. Quod ad venationem pertinet, breviter secundus trasactus est actus, nec de cochleis ac gliribus quaero, quod relicum est; neque enim magnum molimentum esse potest." "Non istuc tam simplex est," inquit Appius, "quam tu putas, O Axi noster."
Declension
[edit]Demonstrative pronoun.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | istic | istaec | istuc istucce istoc |
istīsce | istaec | ||
| genitive | istī̆usce | *istōrunc | *istārunc | *istōrunc | |||
| dative | istīc | istīsce | |||||
| accusative | istunc | istanc | istuc istucce istoc |
istōsce | istāsce | istaec | |
| ablative | istōc | istāc | istōc | istīsce | |||
| vocative | — | — | |||||
See illic § Declension.
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Through Vulgar Latin *eccum istīc, *eccum istāc:
Etymology 2
[edit]From the lost locative neuter singular of the above pronoun, compare hīc and illīc.
Alternative forms
[edit]- (Old Latin or archaic) istī
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɪsˈtiːk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [isˈtik]
Adverb
[edit]istīc (not comparable)
- there, in that (very) place, here (chiefly used in direct speech to address the place of one being talked to)
- 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 3.XII.3:
- Ego etiam nunc eodem in loco iaceo sine sermone ullo, sine cogitatione ulla. Scilicet tibi, ut scribis, significaram ut ad me venires; †si donatam ut† [read as "nunc tamen"] te istic prodesse, hic ne verbo quidem levare me posse. Non queo plura scribere nec est quod scribam; vestra magis exspecto.
- I myself lie now in the self same place, a desert of conversation, and of thoughts. Yes, I have tried, as you wrote me, to make you come; but where you are you now better serve my cause, no word from you would here lift my spirits. I am unable to write any longer, nor is there anything left me to write about; I will rather stay, awaiting news from you all.
- Ego etiam nunc eodem in loco iaceo sine sermone ullo, sine cogitatione ulla. Scilicet tibi, ut scribis, significaram ut ad me venires; †si donatam ut† [read as "nunc tamen"] te istic prodesse, hic ne verbo quidem levare me posse. Non queo plura scribere nec est quod scribam; vestra magis exspecto.
- (figuratively) herein, in this affair, on this occasion, on that/your side
- 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares XII.XIII:
- Te volo bene sperare et rem publicam, ut vos istic expedistis, ita pro nostra parte celeriter a nobis expediri posse confidere. Vale.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Te volo bene sperare et rem publicam, ut vos istic expedistis, ita pro nostra parte celeriter a nobis expediri posse confidere. Vale.
- 45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 5.XXVI.78:
- Istic sum, inquit. expectoque quid ad id, quod quaerebam, respondeas.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Istic sum, inquit. expectoque quid ad id, quod quaerebam, respondeas.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tyrrell, Robert Yelverton (1889), The Miles Gloriosus of T. Maccius Plautus, A Revised Text, With Notes., 3rd edition, page 100
- ^ de Melo, Wolfgang (2011), Plautus: The Merchant, The Braggart Soldier, The Ghost, The Persian, page 260
- ^ Priscian (c. 500 AD), Martin Hertz, editor, Grammatici Latini: Libros I - XII continens, Volumes 1-2, published 1855, page 589: “simplicia sunt omnia alia per nominativos, tria tantum componuntur unam interpretationem apud Graecos habentia οὗτος: iste, hic, is. componuntur igitur iste et hic secum, ut istic istaec istoc”
- ^ Priscian (c. 500 AD), Martin Hertz, editor, Grammatici Latini: Libros I - XII continens, Volumes 1-2, published 1855, page 45:
- praeterea circumeo et circumago et similia non paterentur elisionem m in pronuntiatione, si transiret in sequentem syllabam m, nec in perhibeo, exhibeo, inhumatus, anhelo, inhibeo adhuc, abhinc et similibus secundae syllabae principalis aspiraretur vocalis, si terminalis consonans praepositionis in eam transiret, quomodo in istic, istaec, istuc.
- ^ Adams, J. N. (2013), Social Variation and the Latin Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, , →ISBN, pages 454–459
- ^ Ussing, Johan Louis (1878), T. Maccii Plauti comoediae, Issue 2, Volume 2, page 234
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 “iste” in volume 7, part 2, column 494, line 16 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- ^ “istic” on page 972 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- ^ Georg Goetz, Gustav Loewe, and Fritz Schöll, editors (1883), Mercator, page 36
- ^ Müller, F. C. W. (1871), Ueber den Gebrauch von sive, page 5
Further reading
[edit]- “istic (determiner, pronoun)”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “istīc (adverb)”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “istic”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Allen, Joseph Henry; Greenough, James B. (1903), Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 146, page 67.
- G. T. A. Krüger, Grammatik der Lateinischen Sprache. Erste Abtheilung. Elementar- und Wortlehre. Elementar- und Wortlehre. Neue, gänzlich umgearbeitete Ausgabe der lateinischen Schulgrammatik von Aug. Grotefend, Hannover, 1842, page 263
- Maurus Schinnagl, Lateinische Schulgrammatik für die zweite, dritte und vierte Klasse des Untergymnasiums, Wien, 1853, page 79
- G. Billroth and for the third edition Friedrich Ellendt, Lateinische Schulgrammatik. Dritte Ausgabe, Leipzig, 1848, page 112
- Peter Bullions, revised by Charles D. Morris, The Principles of Latin Grammar, comprising the substance of the most approved grammar extant, with an appendix and complete index. For the use of schools and colleges, New York, 1867, page 70f.
- Peter Bullions, Principles of Latin Grammar; comprising the substance of the most approved grammar extant, with an appendix. For the use of schools and colleges, New York, 1854, page 77
- Lewis Marcus, A Latin Grammar, London, 1861, page 26
- John Smith, The New Hampshire Latin Grammar: comprehending all the necessary rules in orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody; with explanatory and critical notes, and an appendix, Boston, 1802, page 36