illic
Latin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From ille (“that, yon”) + -ce (“here/there”), with apocope of final short -e. Compare istic, hic and hice.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɪl.lɪk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈil.lik]
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɪlˈlɪk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ilˈlik]
- Forms such as illúnc and neuter nom/acc illúc are accented on the final syllable, matching the position of the accent in illúnce and illúcce (from illud + -ce; compare neuter nom/acc hoc from *hod + -ce). The reduction of -ce to -c by apocope generally left the accent unchanged.
- The accentuation of the masculine nominative singular illic(e) is uncertain. Late Latin grammarians teach that the enclitics -ce, -que, -ve, -ne draw the accent to the preceding syllable whether it is long or short, which would imply the accentuation illíc(e), but some modern linguists argue that these enclitics only moved the accent to a heavy syllable, which would imply the accentuation íllic(e). The similarly-formed masculine nominative singular hic acquired an analogically lengthened final consonant in Classical and later time periods: if such analogical lengthening ever affected illic, the accent would be expected to move also to its final syllable (illíc as if for *illicce).
- In Plautus, the first syllable is sometimes shortened after a preceding short monosyllabic word (brevis brevians); furthermore, even outside of that context, it appears that the form illic is sometimes scanned with the value of either a single long syllable, or two short syllables standing for a long by resolution.
Pronoun
[edit]illic (feminine illaec, neuter illuc or illucce or illoc); demonstrative pronoun
- yon, that, that over there (3rd person demonstrative pronoun of distance)
- c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 615, (iambic senarius; first syllable shortened by brevis brevians after quĭs):
- [Theopropides] Quid ais tū? [Tranio] Quid vīs? [Theopropides] Quĭs ĭllĭc est? quĭd ĭllic petīt?
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- [Theopropides] Quid ais tū? [Tranio] Quid vīs? [Theopropides] Quĭs ĭllĭc est? quĭd ĭllic petīt?
- c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Epidicus 1.1.106–107, (trochaic septenarius):
- Sed ego cesso ire obviam
adulescenti, ut quid negoti sit sciam. atque ipse illĭc est.- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- But I’m slow in approaching the young chap to find out what’s the matter. (looking around) And that's him.
- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- Sed ego cesso ire obviam
Declension
[edit]Demonstrative pronoun.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | illic | illaec | illuc illucce illoc |
illīsce | illaec | ||
| genitive | illī̆usce | *illōrunc | *illārunc | *illōrunc | |||
| dative | illīc | illīsce | |||||
| accusative | illunc | illanc | illuc illucce illoc |
illōsce | illāsce | illaec | |
| ablative | illōc | illāc | illōc | illīsce | |||
| vocative | — | — | |||||
- These 'reinforced' forms of ille were used particularly in Early Latin authors such as Plautus.[1] The forms seen in this context include the nominatives (illic / illaec / illuc), the accusative singulars (illunc / illanc, attested alongside unreinforced illum / illam), and the ablative singulars (illōc / illāc). Forms ending in -ce seem to have belonged to a more archaic period,[1] though note that phonotactic restrictions would prevent final -sce from being contracted to **-sc. The genitive singular illīusce appears in an old ritual transmitted by Cato; the dative/ablative plural illīsce is attested in Cato, and also (before vowels only[2]) in Plautus; the masculine accusative plural illōsce and feminine accusative plural illāsce are attested by Manius Manilius and Varro. Note also that illucce (illud + -ce) is attested for the neuter nominative singular, and influence from hoc also lead to illoc. The genitive plural is not attested, but the analogous forms would be *illōrunc / *illārunc (from unreinforced illōrum / illārum + -ce).
- Based in part on hypotheses about the role of accent in Old Latin comic meter, W. M. Lindsay argues that for Plautus, both illī and illīc could be used either as a dative demonstrative pronoun or as an adverb.[3] However, extant manuscripts of Plautus's plays largely adhere to the norm of using illī for the dative demonstrative and illīc for the adverb (as in Classical Latin), which Lindsay assumes is the result of scribes altering the original spelling.[4][5] Cases where the form illī was originally used for the adverb can be securely determined in some circumstances where the meter requires elision (as in Plautus Menaechmi 308[6] or Plautus Captivi 278[4]); cases where the form illīc was originally used for the dative pronoun are harder to confirm, since it can be difficult to rule out the alternative option of hiatus after illī.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From the lost locative neuter singular of the above pronoun, compare hīc and istīc.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɪlˈliːk]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ilˈlik]
Adverb
[edit]illīc (not comparable)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance: (from ad + illic)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Adams, J. N. (2013), Social Variation and the Latin Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, , →ISBN, pages 454–459
- ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1894), The Latin Language, page 436
- ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1892), “Skutch's Studies on Plautine Prosody”, in The Classical Review, volume 6, page 404
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lindsay, W. M. (1894), The Latin Language, page 567
- ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1894), “The Accentual Element in Early Latin Verse”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 29, page 421
- ^ Knight, Clara M. (1919), Menaechmi, page 83
Further reading
[edit]- “illic” in volume 7, part 1, column 370, line 10 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- “illic”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “illic”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “illic”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for schools and colleges founded on comparative grammar, 1903, page 67.