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than

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "than"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English than, thanne, from Old English þanne, a variant of þonne (“then, since, because”), from Proto-West Germanic *þan, from Proto-Germanic *þan (“at that, at that time, then”), from earlier *þam, from Proto-Indo-European *tóm, accusative masculine of *só (“demonstrative pronoun, that”).

Cognate with Dutch dan (“than”), German denn (“than”), German dann (“then”). Doublet of then.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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than

  1. Used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison.
    • 2013 July 20, “Old Soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
    The artist worried more than was necessary: there were a lot of people at the exhibition, more than came last year.
    • 1665, Edward Stillingfleet, William Laud, Thomas Carwell, A Rational Account of the Grounds of Protestant Religion:
      Answer me if you can, any other way, than because the Scriptures, which are infallible, Say so.
    she's taller than I am;  she found his advice more witty than helpful;  we have less work today than we had yesterday;  We had no (other) choice than to return home;  I love you more than (what) she does, but less than he, or than I do your sisters.
    Profits were higher than forecast.
    City dwellers have a higher cancer rate than do countrymen. Apparently, they drink more than is good for 'em.
  2. (obsolete outside dialects, usually used with for) Because; for.
    • 1854, Reformation series:
      If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: for than he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.
    • 1668, William Lawson, A Way to Get Wealth:
      You shall also take the fine earth or mould which is found in the hollow of old Willow trees, rising from the root almost to the middle of the Tree, at least so far as the tree is hollow, for than this, there is no earth or mould finer or richer.

Preposition

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than

  1. Introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives, and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.
    Patients diagnosed more recently are probably surviving an average of longer than two years.
    No player is more skillful than Greg.

Usage notes

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Usage prescriptivists have a number of rules concerning than. According to them, than is not a preposition to govern the oblique case (although it has been used so by such writers as William Shakespeare, whose 1600 play Julius Caesar contains the line A man no mightier than thyself or me. . ., and Samuel Johnson, who wrote No man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous.). Than functions as both conjunction and preposition; when it is used as a conjunction, it governs the nominative case, and as a preposition, the oblique case. To determine the case of a pronoun following "than", a writer can look to implied words and determine how they would relate to the pronoun.

Examples:

  • You are a better swimmer than she.
    • represents You are a better swimmer than she is.
    • therefore You are a better swimmer than her [is], according to such prescriptivists, is a solecism.
  • They like him more than me.
    • represents They like him more than they like me.
    • therefore They like him more than I is a solecism, if it attempts to represent the previous sentence. It may be correct, however, if it represents They like him more than I like him.

Some prescriptivists insist that whom (and not who) must follow than, although, according to the above rule, who would be the "correct" form in the first example. Critics of this often cite this misguided and occasionally mandatory rule as evidence that the overall prescriptivist rule is logically erroneous, in addition to the latter's being inconsistent with well-established modern and historical usage.

Translations

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Adverb

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than (not comparable)

  1. (now chiefly dialectal or a misspelling) At that time; then.

Anagrams

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Bih

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Cornish

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Noun

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than

  1. aspirate mutation of tan

Haroi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Jarai

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

Noun

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than

  1. branch

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English þonne.

Conjunction

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than

  1. than

Descendants

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  • English: than

Adverb

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than

  1. then
    • 14th Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
      And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
      Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
      And when he had drunk all the wine
      He would not speak a word other than Latin

Descendants

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *þan

Adverb

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than

  1. then

References

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Old High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *þan

Adverb

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than

  1. then, there, when, at that time

Conjunction

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than

  1. from there, therefore, if, because, after
  2. than, (comparative)

References

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  • Braune, Wilhelm. Althochdeutsches Lesebuch, zusammengestellt und mit Glossar versehen

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 炭 (“coal”, SV: thán).

    Noun

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    than • (炭, 炮)

    1. coal
      than củi ― charcoal
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 嘆 (SV: thán).

      Verb

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      than

      1. to complain
      Derived terms
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      Anagrams

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      Welsh

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      Preposition

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      than

      1. aspirate mutation of tan

      Mutation

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      Mutated forms of tan
      radical soft nasal aspirate
      tan dan nhan than

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      Yola

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      Etymology

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      From Middle English than, from Old English þonne.

      Pronunciation

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      Adverb

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      than

      1. then
        • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:
          Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.
          Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.
        • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:
          Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;
          Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;
        • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
          Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.
          Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

      Preposition

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      than

      1. than
        • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:
          An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.
          And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.

      References

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      • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86 & 96
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