催

催 U+50AC, 催 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AC ← 傫 [U+50AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 傭 → [U+50AD]

Translingual

Han character

催 (radical 9 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人山人土 (OUOG), four-corner 2221₄, composition ⿰亻崔)

References

• KangXi: page 114, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1005
• Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 211, character 7
• Unihan data for U+50AC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		催

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 催
Small seal script s05875
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (崔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
嗺	*ʔslo, *ʔsluːl, *sluːl, *ʔslul, *ʔslulʔ
催	*sʰluːl
璀	*sʰluːlʔ
皠	*sʰluːlʔ
漼	*sʰluːlʔ
鏙	*sʰluːlʔ
摧	*zluːl
崔	*zluːl, *sʰluːl
慛	*zluːl
槯	*zluːl
繀	*sluːls
膗	*zruːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰluːl): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 崔 (OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cuī (cui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceoi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûi
• Min Nan (POJ): chhui

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cuī
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄟ
    • Wade-Giles: ts'ui¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuei
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ceoi¹
    • Yale: chēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêu¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûi
    • Hakka Romanization System: cui´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cui¹
    • IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhui
    • Tâi-lô: tshui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰuʌi/▼

Rime
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwəj/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuᴀi/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cuī

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*s-tʰˤuj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːl/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cuī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tʰˤuj/
English	urge, repress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	催
Reading #	1/1
No.	1877
Phonetic component	崔
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	崔
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːl/

Definitions

催

1. to urge; to push someone to do something

   點解我成日要催你㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]

   点解我成日要催你㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   Dim² gaai² ngo⁵ seng⁴ jat⁶ jiu³ ceoi¹ nei⁵ gaa³? [Jyutping]

   Why do I always have to urge you?

2. to speed up; to accelerate

Compounds

• 三催四請／三催四请
• 催併／催并
• 催促 (cuīcù)
• 催化 (cuīhuà)
• 催化劑／催化剂 (cuīhuàjì)
• 催吐劑／催吐剂
• 催告
• 催告書／催告书
• 催命
• 催命符
• 催命鬼
• 催奶 (cuīnǎi)
• 催批
• 催明鳥／催明鸟
• 催淚彈／催泪弹 (cuīlèidàn)

• 催淚瓦斯／催泪瓦斯
• 催熟 (cuīshú)
• 催生 (cuīshēng)
• 催產／催产 (cuīchǎn)
• 催眠 (cuīmián)
• 催眠劑／催眠剂 (cuīmiánjì)
• 催眠曲 (cuīmiánqǔ)
• 催眠術／催眠术 (cuīmiánshù)
• 催督 (cuīdū)
• 催科
• 催租
• 催花雨
• 催芽
• 催討／催讨 (cuītǎo)

• 催請／催请
• 催趲／催趱
• 催辦／催办
• 催迫
• 催逼 (cuībī)
• 催青
• 催魂
• 公示催告
• 督催
• 碎催
• 羯鼓催花
• 臘鼓頻催／腊鼓频催
• 頻催／频催
• 風催電／风催电

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Japanese

Kanji

催

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: せ (se) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: さい (sai)
• Kun: もよおす (moyoosu), うながす (unagasu), もよおし (moyooshi)

Compounds

• 催告
• 催促
• 催眠術
• 催涙
• 催涙弾

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Korean

Hanja

催 • (choe) (hangeul 최, revised choe, McCune-Reischauer ch'oe)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

催 (thôi, thòi, thui)

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