勸

See also: 勧 and 劝

勸	U+52F8, 勸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52F8

← 勷
[U+52F7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勹 →
[U+52F9]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional	勸
Shinjitai	勧
Simplified	劝

Han character[edit]

勸 (radical 19, 力+17, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土大尸 (TGKS), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿰雚力)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 150, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2486
Dae Jaweon: page 338, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 382, character 18
Unihan data for U+52F8

Chinese[edit]

trad.		勸
simp.		劝

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 勸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
觀	koːn, koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	koːns, kroːns
懽	koːns, qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	qʰoːn, qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	kʰonʔ, kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰons): phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quàn (quan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun³
Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khien / khian

(Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴
Min Dong (BUC): kuóng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khoàn / khǹg / khùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): keng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: quàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hyun³
  - Yale: hyun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qyon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰian⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoàn
  - Tâi-lô: khuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Singapore): /kʰŋ̍²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuĩ²¹/

Note:

khoàn - literary;
khǹg/khùiⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: keng³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʉɐn^H/

Rime
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去願切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuan^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐn^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷʰar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷʰar-s/
English	encourage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4501
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	劵
Old Chinese	/*kʰons/

Definitions[edit]

勸

to encourage; to recommend
- 善鄭以勸來者，猶懼不蔇，況不禮焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  善郑以劝来者，犹惧不蔇，况不礼焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4^th century BCE
  Shàn Zhèng yǐ quàn láizhě, yóu jù bù jì, kuàng bùlǐ yān? [Pinyin]
  Even if we were to treat Zheng with propriety to encourage other vassals in the future, we should yet worry about falling short, let alone slighting them!
to advise; to urge; to exhort
勸告 / 劝告 ― quàngào ― to advise
to appeal
勸架 / 劝架 ― quànjià ― to conciliate (in a fight or quarrel)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 催 (“to urge (someone to do something)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		催
Cantonese	Guangzhou	催
Cantonese	Hong Kong	催
Min Nan	Chaoyang	勸

Compounds[edit]

力勸／力劝
勸世／劝世 (quànshì)
勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
勸募／劝募
勸化／劝化
勸告／劝告 (quàngào)
勸和／劝和 (quànhé)
勸善／劝善 (quànshàn)
勸善懲惡／劝善惩恶
勸善戒惡／劝善戒恶
勸善規過／劝善规过
勸善黜惡／劝善黜恶
勸學／劝学 (quànxué)
勸學篇／劝学篇
勸導／劝导 (quàndǎo)
勸慰／劝慰 (quànwèi)
勸戒／劝戒
勸捐／劝捐
勸教／劝教
勸杯／劝杯
勸架／劝架 (quànjià)

勸業場／劝业场
勸止／劝止 (quànzhǐ)
勸百諷一／劝百讽一
勸盤／劝盘
勸解／劝解 (quànjiě)
勸誘／劝诱 (quànyòu)
勸誡／劝诫 (quànjiè)
勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)
勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
勸農／劝农 (quànnóng)
勸退／劝退 (quàntuì)
勸進／劝进 (quànjìn)
勸酒／劝酒 (quànjiǔ)
勸酬／劝酬
勸開／劝开
勸阻／劝阻 (quànzǔ)
勸降／劝降 (quànxiáng)
勸駕／劝驾
和勸／和劝
奉勸／奉劝 (fèngquàn)

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	勧
Kyūjitai	勸

Kanji[edit]

勸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 勧)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

勸 (eum 권 (gwon))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

勸: Hán Nôm readings: khuyến, khuyên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

勸

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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