勸

See also: 勧 and 劝

勸 U+52F8, 勸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52F8 ← 勷 [U+52F7] CJK Unified Ideographs 勹 → [U+52F9]

Translingual

Traditional	勸
Shinjitai	勧
Simplified	劝

Han character

勸 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+17, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿土大尸 (TGKS), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿰雚力)

References

• KangXi: page 150, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2486
• Dae Jaweon: page 338, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 382, character 18
• Unihan data for U+52F8

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Chinese

trad.		勸
simp.		劝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觀	*koːn, *koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	*koːns, *kroːns
懽	*koːns, *qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	*qʰoːn, *qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	*kʰonʔ, *kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰons): phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): quàn (quan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun³
• Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khien / khian

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): kuóng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khoàn / khǹg / khùiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): keng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: quàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuàn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüan4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hyun³
    • Yale: hyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hün³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qyon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
    • Hakka Romanization System: kien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
    • Hakka Romanization System: kian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /cʰian⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoàn
    • Tâi-lô: khuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoaxn
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
    • Tâi-lô: khǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kʰŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khuìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvuix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuĩ²¹/

Note:

• khoàn - literary;
• khǹg/khùiⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: keng³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̀ng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰʉɐn^H/

Rime
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去願切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuanH/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐnH/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷʰar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwonH ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷʰar-s/
English	encourage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4501
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	劵
Old Chinese	/*kʰons/

Definitions

勸

1. to encourage; to recommend

   • 善鄭以勸來者，猶懼不蔇，況不禮焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     善郑以劝来者，犹惧不蔇，况不礼焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4^th century BCE

     Shàn Zhèng yǐ quàn láizhě, yóu jù bù jì, kuàng bùlǐ yān? [Pinyin]

     Even if we were to treat Zheng with propriety to encourage other vassals in the future, we should yet worry about falling short, let alone slighting them!

2. to advise; to urge; to exhort

   勸告 / 劝告  ―  quàngào  ―  to advise

3. to appeal

   勸架 / 劝架  ―  quànjià  ―  to conciliate (in a fight or quarrel)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 催 (“to urge (someone to do something)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		催
Cantonese	Guangzhou	催
	Hong Kong	催
Min Nan	Shantou (Chaoyang)	勸

Compounds

• 力勸／力劝
• 勸世／劝世 (quànshì)
• 勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
• 勸募／劝募
• 勸化／劝化
• 勸告／劝告 (quàngào)
• 勸和／劝和 (quànhé)
• 勸善／劝善 (quànshàn)
• 勸善懲惡／劝善惩恶
• 勸善戒惡／劝善戒恶
• 勸善規過／劝善规过
• 勸善黜惡／劝善黜恶
• 勸學／劝学 (quànxué)
• 勸學篇／劝学篇
• 勸導／劝导 (quàndǎo)
• 勸慰／劝慰 (quànwèi)
• 勸戒／劝戒
• 勸捐／劝捐
• 勸教／劝教
• 勸杯／劝杯
• 勸架／劝架 (quànjià)

• 勸業場／劝业场
• 勸止／劝止 (quànzhǐ)
• 勸百諷一／劝百讽一
• 勸盤／劝盘
• 勸解／劝解 (quànjiě)
• 勸誘／劝诱 (quànyòu)
• 勸誡／劝诫 (quànjiè)
• 勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)
• 勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
• 勸農／劝农 (quànnóng)
• 勸退／劝退 (quàntuì)
• 勸進／劝进 (quànjìn)
• 勸酒／劝酒 (quànjiǔ)
• 勸酬／劝酬
• 勸開／劝开
• 勸阻／劝阻 (quànzǔ)
• 勸降／劝降 (quànxiáng)
• 勸駕／劝驾
• 和勸／和劝
• 奉勸／奉劝 (fèngquàn)

• 好言相勸／好言相劝 (hǎoyán xiāngquàn)
• 婉勸／婉劝
• 懲勸／惩劝
• 懲惡勸善／惩恶劝善 (chéng'èquànshàn)
• 扯勸／扯劝
• 拉勸／拉劝
• 柔性勸導／柔性劝导
• 殺狗勸夫／杀狗劝夫
• 演古勸今／演古劝今
• 相勸／相劝 (xiāngquàn)
• 罰一勸百／罚一劝百
• 苦勸／苦劝 (kǔquàn)
• 規勸／规劝 (guīquàn)
• 解勸／解劝
• 課勸／课劝
• 諫勸／谏劝
• 諷一勸百／讽一劝百
• 賞一勸百／赏一劝百
• 連勸帶訓／连劝带训
• 龔遂勸農／龚遂劝农

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Japanese

Shinjitai	勧
Kyūjitai	勸

Kanji

勸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 勧)

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Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: けん (ken)
• Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: すすめる (susumeru)

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Korean

Hanja

勸 (eum 권 (gwon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

勸: Hán Nôm readings: khuyến, khuyên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.