灌

See also: 潅

灌 U+704C, 灌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-704C ← 灋 [U+704B] CJK Unified Ideographs 灍 → [U+704D]

Translingual

Han character

灌 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 水+17 in mainland China and Japanese, 21 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 20 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 水廿口土 (ETRG), four-corner 3411₄, composition ⿰氵雚)

Derived characters

• 𪈸, 𫕷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 662, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18759
• Dae Jaweon: page 1071, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1786, character 13
• Unihan data for U+704C

Chinese

trad.		灌
simp. #		灌
2nd round simp.		浂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觀	*koːn, *koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	*koːns, *kroːns
懽	*koːns, *qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	*qʰoːn, *qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	*kʰonʔ, *kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gun³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kon
• Northern Min (KCR): go̤̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): guáng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
    • Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
    • Yale: gwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gun³
    • Yale: gun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gun³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon
    • Hakka Romanization System: gon
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kon⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: go̤̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
    • Tâi-lô: kuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/

Note:

• guang3 - Shantou;
• guêng3 - Chaozhou.

---

• Middle Chinese: kwanH

Rime
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古玩切
Baxter	kwanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwanH/
Li Rong	/kuɑnH/
Wang Li	/kuɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.qʷ]ˤar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.qʷ]ˁar-s/
English	pour, drip
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
No.	4478
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貫
Old Chinese	/*koːns/

Definitions

灌

1. to fill (with liquid); to pour
2. to irrigate; to water
3. to record (music)

   灌唱片  ―  guàn chàngpiàn  ―  to make a record

4. (Taiwan) to install (software)

   重灌軟體／重灌软体  ―  zhòngguàn ruǎntǐ  ―  to reinstall software

Synonyms

• (to irrigate):

edit

• 浸灌 (jìnguàn)
• 澆灌／浇灌 (jiāoguàn)
• 灌溉 (guàngài)

 

Compounds

• 倒灌 (dàoguàn)
• 冬灌
• 半灌木
• 叢灌／丛灌
• 噴灑灌溉／喷洒灌溉
• 如湯灌雪／如汤灌雪
• 如雷灌耳 (rúléiguàněr)
• 抱甕灌圃／抱瓮灌圃
• 排灌
• 提灌
• 春灌
• 海水倒灌
• 淹灌
• 溝灌／沟灌 (gōuguàn)
• 漫灌
• 潛灌／潜灌
• 澆灌／浇灌 (jiāoguàn)
• 灌區／灌区
• 灌口二郎
• 灌唱片
• 灌園食力／灌园食力
• 灌夫罵坐／灌夫骂坐
• 灌救
• 灌木 (guànmù)
• 灌水 (guànshuǐ)
• 灌注 (guànzhù)
• 灌注器 (guànzhùqì)
• 灌溉 (guàngài)
• 灌溉工程
• 灌溉渠
• 灌滌／灌涤
• 灌漿／灌浆
• 灌灌
• 灌瓜之義／灌瓜之义
• 灌籃／灌篮 (guànlán)
• 灌精兒／灌精儿
• 灌腸／灌肠
• 灌膿／灌脓
• 灌輸／灌输 (guànshū)
• 灌迷湯／灌迷汤
• 灌酒
• 灌醉 (guànzuì)
• 灌錄／灌录 (guànlù)
• 灌音
• 灌頂／灌顶 (guàndǐng)
• 灌香腸／灌香肠
• 灌黃湯／灌黄汤
• 畦溝灌溉／畦沟灌溉
• 盤灌法／盘灌法
• 絳灌／绛灌
• 罵坐灌夫／骂坐灌夫
• 自流灌溉
• 莽灌夫
• 負壺灌區／负壶灌区
• 輪流灌溉／轮流灌溉
• 醍醐灌頂／醍醐灌顶 (tíhúguàndǐng)
• 錄灌／录灌

 

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	潅
Kyūjitai	灌

Kanji

灌

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潅)

1. to pour

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}、がん (gan)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: そそぐ (sosogu, 灌ぐ)

Compounds

• 灌(かん)域(いき) (kan'iki)
• 灌(かん)園(えん) (kan'en)
• 灌(かん)漑(がい) (kangai)
• 灌(かん)灌(かん) (kankan)
• 灌(かん)所(じょ) (kanjo)
• 灌(かん)頂(じょう) (kanjō)
• 灌(かん)寖(しん), 灌(かん)浸(しん) (kanshin)
• 灌(かん)水(すい) (kansui)
• 灌(かん)注(ちゅう) (kanchū)
• 灌(かん)腸(ちょう) (kanchō) (浣(かん)腸(ちょう))
• 灌(かん)頂(ちょう) (kanchō)
• 灌(かん)田(でん) (kanden)
• 灌(かん)仏(ぶつ) (kanbutsu)
• 灌(かん)仏(ぶつ)会(え) (kanbutsue)
• 灌(かん)木(ぼく) (kanboku)
• 灌(かん)莽(もう) (kanmō)
• 灌(かん)沐(もく) (kanmoku)
• 灌(かん)輸(ゆ) (kan'yu)
• 灌(かん)沃(よく) (kan'yoku)
• 漑(がい)灌(かん) (gaikan)
• 澆(ぎょう)灌(かん) (gyōkan)
• 浸(しん)灌(かん) (shinkan)
• 沃(よっ)灌(かん) (yokkan)

 

Korean

Hanja

灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관)

1. pour
2. water
3. irrigate, flood

Vietnamese

Han character

灌: Hán Nôm readings: quán

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.