gast

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See also: Gast and gäst

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

  1. (obsolete) To frighten.

Anagrams[edit]

Breton[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).[1]

Noun[edit]

gast f (plural gisti)

  1. (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

Inflection[edit]

  Mutation of gast  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular gast c'hast unchanged kast
plural gisti c'histi unchanged kisti

References[edit]

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “gast”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun[edit]

gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)

  1. A crew member on a ship

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

Noun[edit]

gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)

  1. guest
    Synonym: genodigde
    Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw
    Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.
  2. (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
    Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
  3. (colloquial) dude, guy
    Synonyms: gozer, vent
    Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.
    Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.
    Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Negerhollands: gast

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

gast

  1. inflection of gassen:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. (archaic) plural imperative

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

gast

  1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

Icelandic[edit]

Verb[edit]

gast

  1. singular past indicative of getast

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

gast

  1. Alternative form of gost

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gāst m

  1. spirit
    sē Hālga Gāst
    the Holy Spirit
    Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
    I'll be with you in spirit.
  2. ghost
  3. breath
  4. demon

Declension[edit]

Declension of gast (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative gāst gāstas
accusative gāst gāstas
genitive gāstes gāsta
dative gāste gāstum

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

Noun[edit]

gast m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

  1. destruction

Adjective[edit]

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

  1. destroyed; ravaged; decimated

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Old Frisian[edit]

Kēning Richard III and gāstar.

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gāst m

  1. ghost, spirit

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Old High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

Noun[edit]

gast m (plural gesti)

  1. guest

Declension[edit]

Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
case singular plural
nominative gast gesti
accusative gast gesti
genitive gastes gesto
dative gaste gestim, gesten
instrumental gastu —

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

Noun[edit]

gast m

  1. guest

Declension[edit]

Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative gast gest
accusative gast gest
genitive gasties gastiō
dative gastie gastium
instrumental — —


Descendants[edit]

  • Middle Low German: gast
    • Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast
      Sauerländisch: Gast
      Westmünsterländisch: Gast
    • Plautdietsch: Gaust
    • → Saterland Frisian: Gast
    • → West Frisian: gast

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See gäst

Noun[edit]

gast c

  1. A crew member on a ship

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun[edit]

gast c

  1. A ghost
    Synonym: vålnad
Usage notes[edit]

The more common word for ghost is spöke.

Declension[edit]
Declension of gast 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative gast gasten gastar gastarna
Genitive gasts gastens gastars gastarnas
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).[1]

Noun[edit]

gast f (plural geist)

  1. (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gast ast ngast unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “galla”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
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