boy
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English boy, boye (“servant, commoner, knave, boy”), from Old English *bōia (“boy”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōjō, from Proto-Germanic *bōjô (“younger brother, young male relation”), from Proto-Germanic *bō- (“brother, close male relation”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, elder brother, brother”).
Cognate with Scots boy (“boy”), West Frisian boai (“boy”), Middle Dutch boi, booi (“boy”), Low German Boi (“boy”), and probably to the Old English proper name Bōia. Also related to West Flemish boe (“brother”), Norwegian dialectal boa (“brother”), Dutch boef (“rogue, knave”), Bavarian Bua (“young boy, lad”), German Bube ("boy; knave; jack"; > English bub), Icelandic bófi (“rogue, crook, bandit, knave”). See also bully.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: boi, IPA(key): /bɔɪ/
Audio (GA) (file) - (Southern American English) IPA(key): /bɔːə/
- Rhymes: -ɔɪ
Noun[edit]
boy (countable and uncountable, plural boys)
- A young male. [from 15th c.]
- Kate is dating a boy named Jim.
- 1440, Promptorium Parvulorum, 35:
- Bye or boye: Bostio.
- 1535, Bible (Coverdale), Zechariah, Chapter VIII, Verse 5:
- 1711 March 7, Jonathan Swift, Journal, line 208:
- I find I was mistaken in the sex, 'tis a boy.
- 1812, Lord Byron, Childe Harold, Canto II, xxiii, 72:
- Ah! happy years! once more who would not be a boy?
- (particularly) A male child or teenager, as distinguished from infants or adults.
- 1876, Frances Eliza Millett Notley, The Kiddle-a-Wink, "A Tale of Love", page 169:
- "He is not quite a baby, Alfred," said Ellen, "though he is only a big stupid boy. We have made him miserable enough. Let us leave him alone."
- 1876, Frances Eliza Millett Notley, The Kiddle-a-Wink, "A Tale of Love", page 169:
- (diminutive) A son of any age.
- 1805, Walter Scott, “(please specify the page)”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], OCLC 1001655651:
- My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee.
- (endearing, diminutive) A male of any age, particularly one rather younger than the speaker. [from 17th c.]
- (obsolete) A male of low station, (especially as pejorative) a worthless male, a wretch; a mean and dishonest male, a knave. [14th-17th c.]
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iv]:
- Dost thou call me fool, boy?
- (now rare and usually offensive outside some Commonwealth nations) A male servant, slave, assistant, or employee, [from 14th c.] particularly:
- c. 1300, King Horn, line 1075:
- 1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 211:
- He allowed his ‘boy’ - an overfed young negro from the coast - to treat the white men, under his very eyes, with provoking insolence.
- 1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow, i, 37:
- ‘Why does he go out and pinch all his dogs in person? He's an administrator, isn't he? Wouldn't he hire a boy or something?’
‘We call them “staff”,’ Roger replies.
- ‘Why does he go out and pinch all his dogs in person? He's an administrator, isn't he? Wouldn't he hire a boy or something?’
- A younger such worker.
- 1721, Penelope Aubin, The Life of Madam de Beaumount, ii, 36:
- I resolved to continue in the Cave, with my two Servants, my Maid, and a Boy, whom I had brought from France.
- 1721, Penelope Aubin, The Life of Madam de Beaumount, ii, 36:
- (historical or offensive) A non-white male servant regardless of age, [from 17th c.] particularly as a form of address.
- 1625, W. Hawkins in Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes, Vol. I, iii, vii, 211:
- My Boy Stephen Grauener.
- 1834, Edward Markham, New Zealand or Recollections of It, 72:
- They picked out two of the strongest of the Boys (as they call the Men) about the place.
- 1876, Ebenezer Thorne, The Queen of the Colonies, or, Queensland as I Knew It, 58:
- The blacks who work on a station or farm are always, like the blacks in the Southern States, called boys.
- 1907 May 13, N.Y. Evening Post, 6:
- [In Shanghai,] The register clerk assigns you to a room, and instead of ‘Front!’ he shouts ‘Boy!’
- 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 521:
- He thrust his head into the aisle. "Boy!" A Chinese in a white coat responded listlessly. "What will you have? Beer?"
- 1960 February 5, Northern Territory News, 5/5:
- Aborigine Wally... described himself as ‘number one boy’ at the station.
- 1625, W. Hawkins in Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes, Vol. I, iii, vii, 211:
- (obsolete) A male camp follower.
- 1572, John Sadler translating Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Foure Bookes... Contayninge a Plaine Forme, and Perfect Knowledge of Martiall Policye..., iii, vii:
- If any water be rough and boysterous, or the chanell verye broade, it manye times drowneth the carriages and the boyes and nowe and then slouthfull and lyther souldiours.
- 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene vii]:
- 1572, John Sadler translating Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Foure Bookes... Contayninge a Plaine Forme, and Perfect Knowledge of Martiall Policye..., iii, vii:
- (now offensive) Any non-white male, regardless of age. [from 19th c.]
- 1812, Anne Plumptre translating Hinrich Lichtenstein, Travels in Southern Africa, in the Years 1803, 1804, 1805, and 1806, Vol. I, i, viii, 119:
- A Hottentot... expects to be called by his name if addressed by any one who knows it; and by those to whom it is not known he expects to be called Hottentot... or boy.
- 1888, Louis Diston Powles, Land of Pink Pearl, or Recollections of Life in the Bahamas, 66:
- Every darky, however old, is a boy.
- 1973 September 8, Black Panther, 7/2:
- [In Alabama,] Guards still use the term ‘boy’ to refer to Black prisoners.
- 1979, Bert Newton and Mohammed Ali, The Logie Awards:
- BN: [repeating a catchphrase] I like the boy.
MA: [to hostile audience] Hold it, hold it, hold it. Easy. Did you say ‘Roy’ or ‘boy’?
BN: ‘I like the boy’. There's nothing wrong with saying that... Hang on, hang on, hang on... I'll change religion, I'll do anything for ya, I don't bloody care... What's wrong with saying that? ‘I like the boy’?
MA: Boy...
BN: I mean, I like the man. I'm sorry, Muhammad.
- BN: [repeating a catchphrase] I like the boy.
- 1812, Anne Plumptre translating Hinrich Lichtenstein, Travels in Southern Africa, in the Years 1803, 1804, 1805, and 1806, Vol. I, i, viii, 119:
- A male animal, especially, in affectionate address, a male dog. [from 15th c.]
- C'mere, boy! Good boy! Who's a good boy?
- Are you getting a boy cat or a girl cat?
- (historical, military) A former low rank of various armed services; a holder of this rank.
- 1841 May 6, Times in London, 5/4:
- Wounded... 1 Boy, 1st class, severely.
- 1963 April 30, Times in London, 16/2:
- He joined the Navy as a boy second class in 1898.
- 1841 May 6, Times in London, 5/4:
- (US, slang, uncountable) Heroin. [from 20th c.]
- (somewhat childish) A male (tree, gene, etc).
- 1950, Pageant:
- Are there “boy” trees and “girl” trees? Yes. A number of species, among them the yew, holly and date-bearing palm, have their male and female flowers on different trees. The male holly, for instance, must be planted fairly close to the female ...
- 1970 [earlier 1963], Helen V. Wilson, Helen Van Pelt, Helen Van Pelt's African Violets, Dutton Adult (→ISBN):
- Of the 100 percent total, 25 will have two girl genes, 50 will have one boy and one girl gene, and 25 will have two boy genes.
- 1950, Pageant:
Synonyms[edit]
- (young male): See Thesaurus:boy
- (diminutive term of address to males): chap, guy, lad, mate
- (son): See son
- (male servant): manservant
- (disreputable man): brat, knave, squirt
- (heroin): See Thesaurus:heroin
Antonyms[edit]
- (young male): See Thesaurus:girl
Derived terms[edit]
- altar boy
- attaboy
- baby boy
- bad boy
- bagboy
- ball boy
- barboy
- bat boy
- B-boy
- bellboy
- best boy
- big boys
- birthday boy
- blackboy
- blue-eyed boy
- boi
- boy band
- boy bishop
- boy crazy
- boyfriend
- boy-girl
- boyhood
- boy howdy
- boyish
- boyism
- boy juice
- boykin
- boylove
- boylover
- boyly
- boy meets girl
- boy-meets-girl
- boy next door
- boy-next-door
- boy oh boy
- boy racer
- boys and girls
- boys and their toys
- boy scout
- Boy Scout
- boys will be boys
- boytjie
- boy toy
- boy wonder
- bully boy
- bum boy
- busboy
- business boy
- cabin boy
- callboy
- choirboy
- city boy
- college boy
- copy boy
- cowboy
- dayboy
- delivery boy
- doughboy
- farm boy
- frat boy
- girl-boy
- golden boy
- homeboy
- house boy
- house-boy
- houseboy
- lawnboy
- liftboy
- little boy
- loverboy
- lowboy
- mama's boy
- man and boy
- mummy's boy
- my boy
- nancy boy
- newsboy
- office boy
- oh boy
- old boy
- our boy
- page boy
- pageboy
- paperboy
- party boy
- pizza boy
- po' boy
- pool boy
- poor boy
- poster boy
- potboy
- pretty boy
- rent boy
- sailor boy
- salesboy
- schoolboy
- sea boy
- shopboy
- showboy
- slaveboy
- sonny boy
- soy boy
- stableboy
- starboy
- tallboy
- Teddy boy
- tomboy
- traffic boy
- valley boy
- water boy
- whipping boy
- whiteboy
- wide boy
- wolf boy
- wonderboy
- yellow boy
- Yellow Boy
Alternative forms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Translations[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Interjection[edit]
boy
- Exclamation of surprise, pleasure or longing.
- Boy, that was close!
- Boy, that tastes good!
- Boy, I wish I could go to Canada!
- 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:
- Time is running out, so I renounce a spin on a Class 387 for a fast run to Paddington on another Class 800 - a shame as the weather was perfect for pictures. Even so, it's enjoyable - boy, can those trains shift under the wires.
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
Verb[edit]
boy (third-person singular simple present boys, present participle boying, simple past and past participle boyed)
- (transitive) To act as a boy (in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage).
- c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:
- I shall see some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness.
See also[edit]
- girl, man (antonyms in some senses)
- Appendix:English collective nouns
References[edit]
- Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
Anagrams[edit]
Azerbaijani[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Turkic *bod (“body, stature; self; kin, tribe, etc”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy (definite accusative boyu, plural boylar)
Declension[edit]
Declension of boy | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | boy |
boylar | ||||||
definite accusative | boyu |
boyları | ||||||
dative | boya |
boylara | ||||||
locative | boyda |
boylarda | ||||||
ablative | boydan |
boylardan | ||||||
definite genitive | boyun |
boyların |
Derived terms[edit]
Cebuano[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy
Synonyms[edit]
Chibcha[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy
- Alternative form of boi
References[edit]
- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys, diminutive boytje n)
- (historical, now offensive) a male domestic servant, especially one with a darker skin in a colony
- (informal) boy, young man
- Ik vind die Roy echt een rare boy. ― I think this Roy is really a strange young man.
See also[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys)
- (now historical, offensive) boy (non-white male servant)
- 1930, André Malraux, La Voie royale:
- Claude allait l'ouvrir mais le ton sur lequel le délégué appelait son boy lui fit lever la tête : l'auto attendait, bleue sous l'ampoule de la porte; le boy, qui s'était écarté – en voyant arriver le délégué sans doute – se rapprochait, hésitant.
- 1930, André Malraux, La Voie royale:
Further reading[edit]
- “boy”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy (plural boyok)
- A young male servant, low-position assistant.
- bellboy (in a hotel)
- Synonym: londiner
- office boy, errand boy, deliveryman
- bellboy (in a hotel)
- (dated) A male ballet dancer.
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | boy | boyok |
accusative | boyt | boyokat |
dative | boynak | boyoknak |
instrumental | boyjal | boyokkal |
causal-final | boyért | boyokért |
translative | boyjá | boyokká |
terminative | boyig | boyokig |
essive-formal | boyként | boyokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | boyban | boyokban |
superessive | boyon | boyokon |
adessive | boynál | boyoknál |
illative | boyba | boyokba |
sublative | boyra | boyokra |
allative | boyhoz | boyokhoz |
elative | boyból | boyokból |
delative | boyról | boyokról |
ablative | boytól | boyoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
boyé | boyoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
boyéi | boyokéi |
Possessive forms of boy | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | boyom | boyaim |
2nd person sing. | boyod | boyaid |
3rd person sing. | boya | boyai |
1st person plural | boyunk | boyaink |
2nd person plural | boyotok | boyaitok |
3rd person plural | boyuk | boyaik |
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- boy in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)
Italian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys)
References[edit]
- ^ boy in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Further reading[edit]
- boy in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Ladino[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Turkish boy (“stature, size”).
Noun[edit]
boy m (Latin spelling)
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unadapted borrowing from English boy.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m pers
Declension[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- boy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- boy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Shortening of office boy, from English office boy.
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys)
- office boy
- (Brazil, slang) A young, upper-class male.
Synonyms[edit]
- (office boy): office boy
- (rich young man): mauricinho
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys)
- Obsolete spelling of boi
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (plural boys)
Further reading[edit]
- “boy”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- boi (official spelling)
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy
- (unofficial spelling) boy
Tagalog[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy
- (colloquial) errand boy; houseboy; boy doing a menial job (usually young)
Derived terms[edit]
Turkish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Turkic *bod. See archaic bodur (“stout, short”).
Noun[edit]
boy (definite accusative boyu, plural boylar)
- stature
- Boyun ne kadar? ― How tall are you? (lit. "How much is your stature?")
- size
- küçük boy ― small size
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy (definite accusative boyu, plural boylar)
Declension[edit]
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | boy | |
Definite accusative | boyu | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | boy | boylar |
Definite accusative | boyu | boyları |
Dative | boya | boylara |
Locative | boyda | boylarda |
Ablative | boydan | boylardan |
Genitive | boyun | boyların |
Etymology 3[edit]
From Ottoman Turkish بوی (boy) constructed the same, from Proto-Oghuz, passed into it, Chagatai and Kipchak from Persian بوی (bōy, “smell”).
Noun[edit]
boy
References[edit]
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 384b
- Eren, Hasan (1999), “boy”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 59a
Westrobothnian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse bógr (“shoulder”), from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
boy m (definite singular boyen)
- shoulder (of an animal)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
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- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ɔɪ
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- English lemmas
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- en:Military
- American English
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- en:Children
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- pl:Occupations
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- tr:Legumes
- Westrobothnian terms inherited from Old Norse
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- gmq-bot:Anatomy